The deflationist view, which makes some compelling and elegant arguments, maintains that the credit losses in the U.S. financial system far surpass the size of the government’s monetary and fiscal stimulus. All those trillions in bad loans – plus the yanking of credit from consumers and businesses – overwhelm new money creation. The Fed, in other words, is trying to fill a swimming pool with a Dixie cup. This might take a while.

Therefore, this reasoning goes, the greater risk is that asset prices continue to fall. This is the classic debt-deflation point of view. I don’t dismiss these arguments lightly. I’ve spent some time going over the arguments of some of deflation’s most persuasive and sophisticated advocates – like the successful Treasury bond investor, Van Hoisington and the insightful economist, David Rosenberg.

Still, I think the endgame is for inflation — which is when paper currencies buy less. Given the choice of holding U.S. dollars or real assets (such as gold or iron ore or land), I’ll take real assets.

Over the weekend, Thomas Donlan at Barron’s presented a good analogy for it all. He asked what you would rather own as store of value, bananas or corn? The obvious answer is corn, because you can store it for months. Corn lasts longer than bananas. Fruit rots. You can also use corn for a lot of different things — corn flour, animal feed, etc. You can also arrange to sell corn into the future, say, by arranging to deliver corn so many days from today.

Corn can lose value, obviously, as can any real asset. But it is a better choice than holding the bananas.

Donlan likens paper money to bananas and natural resources to corn. “In the modern economy,” he writes, “a barrel of oil is much like a bag of corn… Paper money and bank balances are more like the bag of bananas.” When currency rots, we call that inflation.

The problem with the deflation arguments long term, it seems to me, is that you are betting against a government’s ability to destroy its own currency. Governments are seldom good at anything, but one thing they are undeniably good at is destroying their own currencies. The dollar has lost 95% or so of its value since 1913, the year the United States established the Federal Reserve. Enough said.

Long-term, betting that a government will safeguard its currency seems like a very bad bet. Deflation – or at least symptoms of deflation – may prevail today, but the real question is for how long. My own crystal ball is frustratingly cloudy on the issue. But the great rewards in investing are always with the out-of-consensus view.

The upside from holding Treasuries seems hardly worth the risk of being wrong, for instance. On the other hand, if we are right about currency rot, then we’ll make multiples of our money on natural resource stocks.

The downside on many commodities seems low, because the prices have already corrected. In several instances, as with oil and natural gas and iron ore, we are already below the marginal cost of production for much of the industry. So unless we don’t need these things at all anymore, the simple economics of the businesses involved help support a certain price structure.

And anyway, as far as the case for gold is concerned, I’ve been arguing that it is less about inflation or deflation than it is about creditworthiness in general. Gold does well during times of credit troubles. It did well in the 1930s, for instance, even though that was largely a deflationary era. Banking troubles made investors turn to gold.

On that front, we’ve got plenty of banking troubles on the way. Yesterday’s Wall Street Journal headline, buried in the middle of the paper, hints at what’s to come: “Pick-a-Pay Loans: Worse Than Subprime.” The piece begins:

“For the third straight month, option adjustable-rate mortgages are generating proportionately more delinquencies and foreclosures than subprime mortgages, the scourge of the U.S.”

These loans require only partial-interest payments each month. So the loan balances on many of these loans have actually gone up while housing prices have tumbled. Bad combination. As of April, 36% of these loans were at least 60 days past due.

These troubled loans will mean more large losses for banks — in particular for Wells Fargo, J.P. Morgan Chase and others who were active in these markets. Wells Fargo, the WSJ points out, has a mountain of this stuff — $115 billion of it.

So as long as we have banking troubles, we have the potential for fear to return in a big way. And that is when gold does well…with or without inflation. But I’m not counting inflation out just yet.

I’d use the market weakness in the gold price and in gold shares to pick up your favorite gold miners.

Source: Gold…If Not Now, When

In fact, we believe that emerging markets will recover faster and outperform developed markets over the long term.

In our December 2007 edition of Without Borders we wrote:

“So much money has been sloshing around the globe in search of an “above average” return that even risky assets have been bid up tremendously. At this stage, however, with new holes in the financial dike showing themselves almost weekly – more holes, we suspect, than officialdom has fingers – the money flows are building toward a reversal. This will hammer the emerging markets the hardest because, historically, in times of crisis, capital packs up its bags and goes home. When that happens, shares of good companies get sold at the falling bid simply because the seller must get liquid, whether to calm his fears or to cover his losses elsewhere. Asset prices become screaming passengers strapped into a luge ride.

“This creates opportunity, of course. Even though the economies of all the most prospective emerging-market countries are strong enough to weather any likely storm, their financial systems aren’t. This is emphatically true in India, China, Brazil, and other fast-track economies. Even so, when foreign financial capital has fled, the physical and human capital will remain, it will still be valuable, and good investments will be cheap in the extreme. But the opportunity won’t be available for everyone – just the investors who’ve been patient.”

Then in April 2008, we gave our presentation on “Bottom Fishing for Stocks in Emerging Markets,” during which we highlighted that the single most important factor in emerging-market stock markets is capital flows. In the emerging markets, the time to invest is when capital has fled the country.

We know we disappointed the crowd when we said that there was not one emerging market we found attractively priced and that shorting in emerging markets is almost impossible, so our strongest recommendation was to do nothing.

It’s quite a skill to do nothing and do nothing well. We sidelined ourselves and watched, staying away from emerging markets for most of 2008.

But now… finally, the catastrophic sell-off in global financial markets had the effect that we expected: there was a huge sucking sound coming from public equity and currency markets in Russia, Brazil, China, Taiwan, Malaysia, India, South Korea, Colombia, Chile, etc. Foreign institutional investors came face-to-face with the reality of lower risk tolerance and deleveraging and were forced to sell. Everything.

The ensuing flight to quality left emerging markets and their currencies decimated… but herein lies the opportunity. We just hope the IMF and World Bank will run out of money or leave them alone, thereby preventing the return to the boom/bust cycle of the 1990s.

Bullish long-term outlook

Remember, the sell-off in emerging-market equities, bonds, and currencies reflects a rush for the exit sparked by global deleveraging and a need to raise cash, rather than any change in the fundamentals. When the current turmoil subsides, we believe that emerging markets will fare better than developed markets and will outperform the latter over the long term. As such, we find that current valuations are solid entry points for putting our hard-earned capital into long-term positions. Consider:

* Emerging-market economies will prove resilient during this economic slowdown and may account for all of world economic growth in 2009 as developed markets slow to zero.

* Emerging economies are not nearly as dependent on consumer spending and almost not at all exposed to consumer credit.

* Emerging markets by and large suffer neither the demographic imbalance nor the entitlement imbalance that plague the developed nations.

* Corporate and personal balance sheets in emerging markets are stronger than those in the developed markets.

* In many emerging markets (Brazil, most of South East Asia, India) as well as several African nations, domestic or regional demand is now more important than exports for GDP growth.

* Among stronger economies, high foreign-exchange reserves and lower foreign debt levels act as insurance against the global slowdown; reserves have grown six-fold to over $4 trillion over the last ten years.

* Over the past ten years, emerging-market companies have produced higher profits with lower (but not necessarily low) leverage, while profits expanded annually by double digits during the past ten years.

Cash Rich, Resource Rich

Compared to the late 1990s Asia crisis, the present situation is much more stable for emerging markets. While we expect current account surpluses to deteriorate given the global slowdown and recessionary pressures, emerging markets will face this challenging period with cash in their bank accounts.

The importance of this change cannot be overstated.

Much like individual households that stash away something for a rainy day, many emerging-market countries now have a greater reserve of wealth with which to buffer financial market headwinds. This gives them the option of taking fiscal stimulus measures to offset the effects of a developed-markets slowdown without having to go into debt. While we decry these neo-Keynesian actions as throwing water on an electrical fire, historically they have boosted share prices.

As part of their fiscal stimulus, we also expect to see higher infrastructure spending by countries with the financial muscle to do so. China, for example, which is projected to have more than 200 cities with populations exceeding one million people by 2025, up from just 23 in 2005, announced in early November 2008 a two-year infrastructure investment and stimulus package of up to 4 trillion yuan ($586 billion). While much of this stimulus will come in the form of strong-arming banks, there will be substantial cash injections in the Chinese economy, and they have the cash to do it: highways, railroads, and airports. The government hopes that this stimulus package will also encourage increased consumer consumption. All this is good news for raw-materials companies, one of which is an undervalued Chinese cement company that is a cornerstone of our portfolio. (Learn more about this company here.)

The turning point

Emerging markets will be the catalyst for global economic recovery, not the West. Like China, many emerging markets that have been saving for a rainy day have the cash and political will to spend on development projects that require raw materials. Others, like Chile and Angola, have the raw materials to sell. Even more so, a few countries like Brazil and Saudi Arabia have both. The economy will get jumpstarted with these countries initiating their own trade without the leadership or consumptive traditions of the Western world.

Perhaps even more pointedly, we foresee a highly inflationary environment over the next several years… all of the dollars with which President Obama will be flooding the world will have to find a home somewhere. This will more than likely spark another commodities boom, which is supported by the world’s ever-growing demographics, resource scarcity, and climate-change legislation.

As such, resource-rich emerging markets are going to find themselves being the future home to foreign investment capital again. Institutional capital will trickle, then gush into these markets as the world wakes up one day and finds oil and copper trading at twice their present levels.

Consequently, today’s emerging markets will be the net recipients of the future inflation that is being created by the West.

Capital Flow Conclusions

We have long said that capital flows are the most important indicator for emerging equity markets. Investor outflows in the second half of 2008 already equal one-third of the total inflows into emerging-market equity funds over the prior five years. This is a positive sign for contrarians looking for a bargain. There has been a bloodbath, and this is a buying signal.

We recognize that the ride will likely be bumpy. Fiscal stimulus, trillion-dollar deficits, and politicoramus bickering may cause a roller-coaster ride to the top… but the evidence strongly suggests that, once institutional funds finally realize that U.S. Treasuries are a fool’s bet, remaining capital will be on the hunt and flowing back into emerging markets. The window is open, and we are dedicating our efforts to finding the most undervalued companies with rock-solid management and balance sheets.

Source: Another Look at Emerging Markets

******

In times of economic crisis, prudent investors are well advised to diversify their portfolio… ideally, some of it in global stocks and real estate. Without Borders brings you the inside scoop from two globetrotting ex-CIA agents with privileged connections around the world. They’ll suggest sound international investments, as well as the most beautiful, stable, safe, and cheap places to live and invest.

Kick the tires of Without Borders risk free for 3 months, for just $49. If you decide Without Borders isn’t for you, we’ll refund every penny – no questions asked! Learn more here.

]]> http://www.contrarianprofits.com/articles/another-look-at-emerging-markets/13936/feed 0 http://www.contrarianprofits.com/articles/economic-lessons-from-alexander-pope/2938 http://www.contrarianprofits.com/articles/economic-lessons-from-alexander-pope/2938#comments Fri, 06 Jun 2008 20:59:25 +0000 Richard Daughty http://www.contrarianprofits.com/articles/economic-lessons-from-alexander-pope/2938 Luckily, I had been transferring lots of money from the operating account at the bank into cash in the office safe in case of some kind of emergency. And sure enough, here’s an emergency! Who says I don’t know how to plan ahead? Hahaha!

As the economy goes down, I can see that my poor work performance and lack of competence means that I will soon be laid off again (”Scram! You’re fired!”), and so I naturally figured that I would go back to someplace where I was fired so long ago that my previous supervisors had all, hopefully, retired.

But I soon find that their snotty attitude is akin to the respect that they may have for a doctor who’s killed…

–The Fed is trying to soften the blow of falling asset prices by making it possible for homeowners to refinance into longer-term loans at lower rates, and then ride out the bear market in housing and credit. In other words, the Fed has kicked the dollar to the curb. It’s on its own now.

–That doesn’t mean the dollar won’t really from time to time. As a proxy for economic growth, there will be times in the coming years, let’s call them false dawns, where the U.S. economy appears to be emerging from the slump, or is at least growing faster than Europe’s sluggish economy. But the long-term trend for the dollar index is lower highs and lower lows. For gold and oil, it’s just the opposite, higher highs and higher lows.

–Speaking of highs and lows, our friend Dr. Joanne Nova at GoldNerds.com read our note yesterday about the challenges of deep-water drilling. But drilling deep is a challenge anywhere, even on land.

–”Here’s another perspective on the difficulty of drilling Brazil’s new oil field a full 10km below the surface,” Joanne writes. “Did you know the deepest hole ever dug reached down to 12km, but it took 19 years to get there? The Soviets started planning the Kola Superdeep Borehole in 1962 and began drilling in 1970 reaching the record depth in 1989.

–”They initially aimed to reach 15km, but were forced to give up a few years after they set the record. Things were too hot, too strange, and too expensive. And this was not a hole designed to produce anything except interesting scientific papers. Twelve kilometers down, the rocks were under so much heat and pressure they behaved more like plastic than rock. The hole apparently kept flowing closed whenever they had to replace a drill bit. Makes production hard if the hole keeps disappearing.”

–Yes it does.

–Incidentally, Australia’s deepest on-shore drilling effort doesn’t have anything to do with oil, gas, or mining. It is energy related though. Geothermal hopeful Geodynamics (ASX:GDY) finished drilling its Habanero 3 well in early February to a depth of 4,221 metres.

–Even if you don’t get all the way through the Earth’s crust at that depth, it’s still pretty hot down there, which is the whole point. Geodynamics hopes to be operating Australia’s first commercial geothermal electric generating plant by the end of this year, with a capacity of 50 megawatts per year.

–We know a bit about the project and the share because we tipped it in the Australian Small Cap Investigator. The credit crunch has not been kind to small-cap stocks in general or alternative energy stocks in particular. But if you look at these stocks in terms of their ability to generate future earnings, there is a lot to like. The assets should produce growing cash flows, and who doesn’t like that?

–We showed a chart a few weeks ago demonstrating that GDP growth and electricity are pretty well correlated. A growing economy needs its energy doesn’t it? Australia’s economy is growing and so are its energy needs.

–Perhaps that’s why Citigroup reckons Origin Energy (ASX:ORG) will grow its earnings by 16% a year for the next five years, according to Rebecca Keenan at Bloomberg. And perhaps that’s why Britain’s BG Group Plc. offered to buy Origin for $12.9 billion. That represented a 40% premium on yesterday’s closing share price of $10.47. Proving that markets can sometimes be pretty darn efficient, Origin is up 37% in early trading.

–As a trade, we might even consider shorting or buying puts. After all, Origin hasn’t accepted the bid yet. But our interest isn’t in trading these events, it’s in anticipating them. BG’s bid is based on asset quality and earnings growth. It’s a stock picking story, not a China narrative, although the two are related. Take iron ore.

–”Right now, I think this is the best stock picker’s market in resources that we’ve seen for quite some time,” says fund manager James Bruce in today’s Financial Review. He could not be more right.

–He was referring to today’s breaking news that China’s first-ever hostile takeover of an Australian company-Sinosteel’s $1.37 billion bid for Midwest (ASX:MIS)-looks like it will go through. Midwest is in a trading halt this morning, suggesting an announcement could be forthcoming.

–Sinosteel raised its bid for Midwest from $5.60 a share to $6.38 a share. This seemed to please the board of Midwest, which had been holding out for $7 a share. It probably doesn’t hurt that, as Michael Vaughan reports in today’s Financial Review, Sinosteel agreed to support the issue of 15 million options to two Midwest directors.

–The exercise price on the options is $1.46. With the bid at $6.38, that means those 15 million options are worth about $73.8 million. That’s a nice pay day, if you can get it. We’ve always said that owning your own business is the only real way to get wealthy.

–”China was busy last night,” writes Diggers and Drillers editor Al Robinson. “It closed the net around one little iron miner, and took stakes in a couple of others. It looks like Chinese steel mills are focusing on the leaders in the second tier of iron companies. By that, we mean the companies outside of BHP, Rio Tinto and Fortescue who have the best-developed assets.

–The “other” company which Sinosteel appears to have set its sights on is Murchison Metals (ASX:MMX). Al has more details over at Money Morning. The entire mid West region of Western Australia is ripe for this sort of Sino-Japanese financing and takeover. The ore in the region is a little lower quality than the famous hematite of the Pilbara. The infrastructure doesn’t exist yet, either, to move that ore from mine to port and on to points North.

–On that score, keep your eyes on May 9th . That’s the deadline for proposals to be submitted to the WA government for building out the iron ore infrastructure in the mid West. There are two major proposals, one backed by China and one essentially backed by Japan.

–In the meantime, if you want to catch up on who the junior producers are in the mid West, you may want to introduce yourself to the Geraldton Iron Ore Alliance. Don’t be shy. She’s friendly.

–There are seven firms in the alliance. Mount Gibson (ASX:MGX), MidWest (ASX:MIS), Gindalbie (ASX:GBG), Murchison (ASX:MMX), GoldenWest Resources (ASX:GWR), Royal Resources (ASX:ROY), Asia Iron Holdings (not listed), and Atlas Iron Limited (ASX:AGO).

–Who will win? This is where we reach the limits of the free security analysis we provide in the DR. The heavy lifting and deeper digging goes on at Diggers and Drillers. We will tell you that valuing the companies comes down to looking at the quality of their assets and their ability to finance projects without a lot of debt.

–Better hurry, though. “The Chinese invasion of corporate Australia is continuing apace with Chinese Iron and Steel Group announcing plans to lift its stake in outback prospector Apollo Minerals to 19.9pc, just short of the 20pc level that would require it to mount a full takeover under Australian law,” according to David Litterick in Britain’s Telegraph.

According to a report in The Daily Telegraph, “Speaking on a BBC documentary, Mr Soros said that at the heart of the financial crisis was the culmination of a 60-year-old boom in leverage, the result of which will be a far deeper downturn than many expect.”

Read on at Telegraph.co.uk.

Soros predicts the both the financial industry and the indebtedness of the US consumer will have to shrink, causing a “very painful adjustment”.

“Americans used their economic freedom to ruin themselves,” says Bill Bonner.

“Shareholders consented to hundreds of millions in bonuses and stock options for key executives. Investors signed up for hedge funds, willingly giving managers ‘2% and 20%’ for putting quarters in the slot machine for them. Taxpayers allowed huge tax cuts – widely believed to be aiding the wealthy – because they looked forward to the day when they would be wealthy too. And almost everyone, everywhere eagerly went on a spending spree, in the belief that this new, kindler, gentler capitalism would add wealth faster than they could get rid of it. And if they overspent, hyper-capitalism would soon catch up.”