Even a first grader can look at this market and know anything but fundamentals are driving the action. Fortunately for guys like me, few grade-school can figure out why.

These days, it is all about the macro-economy. More specifically, the only thing anybody cares about is the value of the dollar. When the greenback is up, the market is down (like today). When the dollar is weak, the market rallies – like last week.

There are several reasons for the trend: flight to safety, inflation, political risk… you name it.

What matters for us as traders is the pattern is unwaveringly true for the crude markets. With oil settlement denominated in dollars, the ever-important energy source is tied directly to the greenback.

The correlation makes oil a great hedge against the dollar, even better than the politically critical gold markets (few entities can dump billions of dollars of oil reserves into the market like the IMF may do).

Unfortunately, today’s strength in the dollar has sent crude prices back below the critical $70 level. As I write, a barrel is trading at $69.14, down $2.90 on the day.

That is not good news for industry giants like Exxon Mobil (NYSE:XOM), BP (NYSE:BP) and Chevron (NYSE:CVX), which all gapped down at the day’s opening bell.

Could be worse

While a small drop in Big Oil valuations erases billions in paper wealth, their shareholders are not feeling nearly the level of pain as the folks unlucky enough to be long on Delta Petroleum (NYSE:DPTR).

The stock is down 43% on news its Columbia River Basin test well performed far below expectations. While some gas was pumped, the company has deemed the level s “uneconomic.”

While the action has little to do with the value of the dollar or even commodity prices, the nasty decline goes a long way in showing the increasing levels of volatility in the nation’s energy industry.

As political, currency and economic risk swirl into a virtual perfect storm fueled by speculation, we are going to see larger and larger swings in the oil and natural gas industry. For some investors, it is exactly what they were hoping for. But for others, it will be a costly trap.

The folks with the most to win are options traders. Over at TFN Strategic Trader, we have used the increased volatility to our great advantage. Last Thursday, we locked in gains of 40% on a set of Chesapeake Energy call options.

Even better, the portfolio currently boasts a Big Oil short position and a dandy covered call already worth double-digit gains. Increased volatility will be a boon for options traders.

But for speculative investors looking to play the global economic rebound by grabbing shares of small-cap producers on the cheap, I have just three words… do your homework. If the dollar gets much weaker, the industry is going to start looking very different.

I am a huge fan of the commodities market, especially with China on a buying spree, but oil industry investors have a few more risk factors to handle.

Fail to understand how they all work together and you could have serious trouble on your hands. But get it right and make the smart moves, well, the rest of this year is going to treat you very well.

Keep your eye on that dollar.

Source: Oil Investors: Keep Your Eye on That Dollar

• Reliable sources of energy.
• A modern, efficient infrastructure, consisting of a good road and rail system, reliable power grids and high-speed digital communications networks.

And if a country wants to be considered a “global economic powerhouse,” it’s nearly impossible for it to do so without these critical building blocks.

So it’s not too surprising that China is spending unprecedented amounts of money to beef up its infrastructure.

It’s also spending huge amounts of money on long-term oil and gas contracts. And with nearly $2 trillion on hand, it’s the perfect time for China to go on an energy acquisition spree.

Right now, it’s spending like a thirsty sailor on shore leave…

You see, despite the recent pullback in the Chinese stock market, the country is still on an economic roll that will continue for the next 50 years. According to The Economist, China’s capital spending is a whopping 44% of its GDP, and in raw dollars could exceed that of the United States for the first time this year.

And you can bet that its increase in energy use will track right along with its growth.

But China’s energy problems are similar to those of the United States: It doesn’t have enough of its own sources of fossil fuel to meet its needs.

So what is China doing to combat this? And is there a way to tap into this in terms of investing? Answers below…

China’s Energy Asset Acquisition Spree

At the moment, China is importing coal, liquefied natural gas (LNG) and crude oil. And to guarantee that those supplies are uninterrupted, it’s buying some major deposits of oil and gas, along with the refineries to process it.

We’re not just talking small potatoes, either. Since Christmas, China has been on an overseas energy asset acquisition spree. The country has spent a total of $17 billion, easily topping the $13.1 billion it spent in all of 2008. What’s more, the pace of acquisitions doesn’t appear to be slowing – and could even ramp up into 2010.

Many companies are teaming up, putting together joint deals that insure even the largest purchases have funding behind them. And some are very, very big. For example…

• In April, PetroChina (NYSE: PTR) partnered with KazMunaiGaz and plunked down a cool $5 billion to purchase JSC MangistauMunaiGas from Central Asia Petroleum. This was one of the first instances of Chinese firms partnering together to purchase a foreign oil company.
• June saw a highly publicized $20 billion deal, in which China National Petroleum Corporation joined forces with BP (NYSE: BP) to buy a 75% stake in the Rumaila oil field in southern Iraq. The consortium’s bid topped that of the Exxon/Mobil (NYSE: XOM)/Shell (NYSE: RDS) partnership.
• Just one month later, the China National Offshore Oil Company (NYSE: CEO) – often referred to as CNOOC – hooked up with Sinopec. The two of them coughed up $1.3 billion to acquire a 20% stake in a deepwater block off Angola from Marathon Oil.

China’s Knee-Deep In Canadian Oil Sands

Now, the Chinese have landed in Canada. And it’s not because they like hockey. They’ve quietly bought up several parts of different oil sands operations.

Just a few days ago, PetroChina announced a $1.7 billion deal, in which it will acquire a 60% stake in Athabasca Oil Sands Corp’s MacKay River and Dover oil sands fields.

This isn’t the first time that China has invested in Canadian oil sands. Back in 2005, CNOOC purchased a 16.7% stake in MEG Energy Corporation, while China Petrochemical Corporation plunked down $83 million for a stake in Syneco Energy, Inc.

So why is China interested in something like oil sands – oil that is very difficult and expensive to bring to fruition? Simple. All the easy, lucrative projects have already gone. It’s a disturbing indication of China’s quiet determination to increase its oil and gas reserves… at any price.

So what’s next?

How To Invest In China’s Energy Acquisition Express

As evidenced by the variety of different operations that China has acquired recently, the country is taking a shotgun approach to energy.

And while it’s not easy to see what it’s focused on next, the best way to play this trend is by owning shares of the buyer. This includes big Chinese oil companies like…

• PetroChina
• Sinopec (NYSE:SHI)
• CNOOC

All these firms have American Depositary Receipts (ADRs), which means you can trade them on the U.S. exchanges.

One note of caution before you do, however: If you read my colleague Louis Basenese’s piece on the China sell off earlier this week, he highlighted 10 reasons why the Chinese market is set to fall from here.

I agree with Lou – and I believe waiting until we see evidence that the Chinese markets have bottomed will represent an excellent time to take a position in some of these companies.

Good investing,

David Fessler

Source: China’s Energy Acquisition: Three Ways to Invest in China

The well, known as the Tiber Prospect, is one of the deepest wells ever drilled with a total depth of about 35,055 feet, or 6½ miles. An appraisal will be required to determine the size and potential commercial value of discovery, but preliminary estimates suggest the field is bigger than Kaskida, a 2006 discovery that boasted 3 billion barrels of oil equivalent (boe).

“Tiber represents BP’s second material discovery in the emerging Lower Tertiary play in the Gulf of Mexico, following our earlier Kaskida discovery,” said Andy Inglis, BP’s head of exploration and production. “These material discoveries together with our industry leading acreage position support the continuing growth of our deepwater Gulf of Mexico business into the second half of the next decade.”

BP is already the largest producer of oil and gas in the Gulf of Mexico, generating about 400,000 boe/day. But once they start producing, the Tiber and Kaskida wells could boost the company’s output in the region to 650,000 boe/day.

BP did not say when the Tiber well would begin producing oil, but analysts don’t expect the field to start pumping until at least 2014. That seems optimistic, however, as BP’s last large-scale development in the Gulf – the Thunder Horse field – took nearly twice as long.  That well was discovered in 1999 but didn’t start producing until just last year.

Thunder Horse Platform in the Gulf of Mexico © BP p.l.c.

Of course, the Thunder Horse platform offers a compelling case study for the revival of oil exploration and development in the Gulf of Mexico – once referred to as the “Dead Sea” by oil majors who believed the region was tapped out.

Thunder Horse is ramping up its production to 300,000 barrels per day (bpd), which makes it the No. 2 U.S. producer behind Alaska’s Prudhoe Bay, BusinessWeek reported.

In fact, Thunder Horse and projects like it have added about 1.2 million bpd to total U.S. output. U.S. crude oil production is expected to rise this year for the first time in nearly two decades. In the first seven months, the country has averaged 5.26 million bpd, the highest for the January-to-July period in four years, according to the American Petroleum Institute, an industry group.

The deep waters of the Gulf of Mexico are now “one of the few bright spots in global oil production” Bob MacKnight, an analyst at PFC Energy told BusinessWeek.

The Gulf now accounts for about 25% of domestic oil production and 15% of natural gas output through about 3,800 offshore production platforms, according to the U.S. Minerals Management Service.

Of course, that production has come at a high cost. Exploration wells cost up to $200 million to bring onstream, and actual offshore platforms are even more expensive. Thunder Horse cost more than $1 billion to build and another $250 million more to repair after Hurricane Dennis knocked the massive structure on its side.

Still, operating in U.S. waters in the Gulf of Mexico is easier and less costly taking on projects in countries such as Venezuela, Africa, Iraq, and Russia where political skirmishes and civil unrest often lead to costly setbacks.

Source: BP’s ‘Giant’ Discovery Gives the Gulf of Mexico New Life

If you’re looking for the next “Big Oil” play, bet on Beijing.  As we’ve been reporting for the past several years, China has been on a global commodities shopping spree, which includes locking up every source of oil that it can.

The Red Dragon has cut deals in Africa, South America Russia and the Middle East – and won’t stop there. Even the mainstream news media is finally becoming aware of this crucial trend.

But here’s the thing. It’s not enough just to know that this is happening. In order to profit, an investor really needs to understand why it’s happening – and to invest accordingly. Investors who lack this insight may make the strategic misstep of betting heavily (or exclusively) on the Western heavyweights – Exxon Mobil Corp. (NYSE: XOM), BP PLC (NYSE ADR: BP) or Royal Dutch Shell (NYSE ADR: RDS.A, RDS.B) – while ignoring the oil sector’s real growth story, which is China.

Just this year alone:

• China and Russia have signed a multi-billion-dollar, intergovernmental agreement to construct an oil line from Russia that will supply oil directly to China. Actually seven agreements in one, the terms depict a deal worth trillions of dollars – including a 20-year oil contract to pump Russian oil to the Chinese market. In return, China has agreed to provide a total of $25 billion in loansto Russian oil companies Transneft and OAO Rosneft Oil Co. China even gets a cut of Rosneft’s production, as part of the deal.
• In Africa, China’s CNOOC Ltd. (NYSE ADR: CEO) and Sinopec Shanghai Petrochemical Co. (NYSE ADR: SHI) are teaming up to buy a $1.3 billion stake in Angolan offshore development rights from U.S.-based Marathon Oil Corp. (NYSE: MRO). A key point of note: Angola – historically one of Exxon’s favorite investment targets – has recently overtaken Nigeria as Africa’s biggest oil producer.
• While noting that it’s hardly a done deal, The Wall Street Journaldid report earlier this month that China National Petroleum Corp. (CNPC) is interested in buying all or a part of Argentina’s YPF SA (NYSE ADR: YPF) for $14.5 billion.
• In Africa, China’s CNOOC Ltd. (NYSE ADR: CEO) and Sinopec Shanghai Petrochemical Co. (NYSE ADR: SHI) are teaming up to buy a $1.3 billion stake in Angolan offshore development rights from U.S.-based Marathon Oil Corp. (NYSE: MRO). A key point of note: Angola – historically one of Exxon’s favorite investment targets – has recently overtaken Nigeria as Africa’s biggest oil producer.
• Reports continue to circulate that CNPC will be taking the majority stake in Iraq’s Rumaila oilfield from BP. Rumaila is Iraq’s biggest oil field, producing more than a million barrels of crude oil per day.
• And China has become quite chummy with Brazil’s Petroleo Brasileiro (NYSE ADR: PBR). Petrobras is developing a huge new offshore field – one of the biggest new discoveries in decades, in fact – and any deal would include a production-supply agreement.

This flurry of deals hasn’t been a surprise to Money Morning readers. Even so, it’s worth taking a moment to look at some of the key catalysts behind many of these deals. Let’s look at the Top Three:

• Nervous Reserves: China is sitting on the world’s largest pile of cash – more than $2.3 trillion by some estimates. With an estimated 70% of that, or about $1.61 trillion, in U.S. dollars, there is no question it’s a huge source of financial firepower strength at a time when global markets are uncertain, if not downright weak. But it’s also a liability, too, in that China can’t diminish its high-concentration of greenback holdings without pushing the dollar off a cliff. So buying oil is a great way for China to diversify its reserves without kneecapping poor old Uncle Sam.
• Those Not-So-Free “Free” Markets: China has less faith in the “free” markets than the West does. Ironically, the United States and other Western powers are partly to blame for Beijing’s free-market skepticism. For instance, not only did the United Statesslam the door in China’s face when China tried to buy Unocal Corp. [now a part of Chevron Corp. (NYSE: CVX)]  a few years back, but when former U.S. President George W. Bush invaded Iraq, the war summarily cut off China’s ability to source oil from that Middle East member of the OPEC 12 (the Organization of the Oil Producing and Exporting Countries). Prior to the invasion, Beijing really didn’t consider the need to diversify China’s foreign-oil sources so our military action prompted their economic reaction. Now the genie’s out of the bottle.
• Peerless Perspective: China’s leaders know that they must lock up oil supplies at a time when the Western world can’t seemingly be bothered to understand that this is a zero-sum game. In other words, China views the global financial crisis as an opportunity to be exploited for economic gain and the security of its people, not as a problem to be solved. China understands the big picture, and even though we apparently painted it, the West doesn’t.  By scouring the earth for oil at a time when the West is hamstrung by the global financial crisis, not only is China able to strike more favorable deals at more favorable prices, but it’s locking up huge supplies of commodities for its own use for years, even decades, to come. In doing so – and this is the part of the equation so many experts don’t get – these resources are no longer available for our use here in the United States, which has major supply and pricing implications for this market.

Bamboozled by the Western media – which has perpetuated the “global-recession-means-lower-demand” story – it simply hasn’t dawned on most people here in the West that China doesn’t care about the majorlong-term impact this global buying spree will have on our economy.
Besides, this whole story thesis is flat out wrong. While the recession is definitely dampening our use of oil and gasoline, China’s oil demand is growing by more than 20% a year. And of the 8 million barrels a day that China already uses, half comes from imports. Beijing sees those as troubling statistics, which means that China:

• Absolutely must lock up as many significant external supplies oil as possible right now.
• And must accelerate its domestic exploration-and-processing efforts at warp speed.

Nor is this a static situation. China’s auto market is growing by 50% a year. It’s already the world’s largest, having passed the United States earlier this year. In fact, according to some estimates, China will have more cars on its roads in the next 20 years than all those we currently have in this country – even if you include the engine-less “restoration project” your next-door neighbor’s son has sitting under an oak tree in their back yard.

China’s never known high prices and its consumers haven’t either. So they don’t care like we do about what “price” is posted at the pump. Sure, you can argue as many Western analysts do, that China’s fuel is highly subsidized, but so what? That’s a moot point. Consumers who remember what it was like back when gasoline was 99 cents a gallon aren’t going to grouse about how it now costs $6 a gallon – these newly minted motorists will merely see gasoline as just part of the cost of having a car.

Because it understands its need for continual economic progress – as well as the role oil has to play to make that a reality – China is doing whatever it takes to guarantee future supplies, including structuring deals in ways that have caught Western companies by surprise. For instance, China’s companies are looking at how they can get a deal done by giving the other party something it actually needs. Moreover, in a move that’s as frustrating to Western leaders as it is surprising, many of these deals come with no strings attached. I suppose you could call it the “Red Dragon Option” – although Western firms would do well to embrace these as potential Harvard Business Review case studies.

After reading this overview, a U.S investor might want to conclude that China’s already got this one wrapped up and that “any resistance is futile.” But that’s not necessarily true. While China’s grown by leaps and bounds in terms of its financial sophistication when it comes to these deals, the country still lacks the relative exploration-and-production technology to go after the deep-water reserves and complicated fields where most of the still-undiscovered oil remains. Those are also the same kinds of locations where natural gas may be the better bet.

And that suggests that investments in both sectors – including deep-water drillers and companies that specialize in natural-gas liquification -may pay off for investors anxious to dine with the Red Dragon, instead of being listed as an entrée on the menu.

Source: Three Reasons China is Positioned to be the Oil Sector’s Next Big Profit Play

[Editor's Note: The global economic recovery will create an estimated $300 trillion worth of global-investing-profit opportunities. To find out how to capitalize and profit, you just need to know where to look.

]]> http://www.contrarianprofits.com/articles/three-reasons-china-is-positioned-to-be-the-oil-sector%e2%80%99s-next-big-profit-play/19976/feed 0 http://www.contrarianprofits.com/articles/g8-finance-chiefs-express-cautious-optimism-about-the-state-of-the-world-economy/17890 http://www.contrarianprofits.com/articles/g8-finance-chiefs-express-cautious-optimism-about-the-state-of-the-world-economy/17890#comments Mon, 15 Jun 2009 14:20:15 +0000 William Patalon III http://www.contrarianprofits.com/?p=17890

Top financial officials from the Group of Eight (G8) industrialized nations on Friday issued an upbeat evaluation of the global financial crisis, describing signs that markets were stabilizing around the world and warning that it was necessary to devise “exit strategies” to disengage from stimulus programs that have been put in place.

The G8 met for two days in Lecce, Italy. Eight world finance ministers – including U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy F. Geithner, and his global counterparts from Britain, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan and Russia – also agreed to create “a set of common principles and standards governing the conduct of international business and finance,”The Washington Post reported.

In a communiqué called “the Lecce Framework” – which described the strategy for obtaining those goals –…

Much of Brazil’s South Atlantic development will require drilling wells in waters up to two miles deep, through four-five miles of rock beneath the seabed. The prize at the end will be oil deposits with reserves estimated in the tens of billions of barrels. With access to this offshore bounty, Brazil expects to take its place among the first ranks of energy-producing nations in the world.

Brazil’s state-controlled national oil company (NOC), Petroleo Brasileiro SA (NYSE:PBR) plans to spend over $175 billion in the next five years just on offshore development. The immense investment involves buying and building dozens of new drill ships and seagoing platforms, along with many dozens more support and servicing vessels. Petrobras will lay thousands of miles of pipelines on the seafloor, connecting massive complexes of subsea equipment that will sit atop hundreds of oil wells.

To finance much of this development, Brazil has turned to China. With the active support of the Chinese government, many Chinese banks are lining up to extend loans to Brazil’s energy sector. Right now, there is an agreement for a Chinese consortium to lend Petrobras $10 billion. In exchange, Petrobras will eventually ship 200,000 barrels of oil per day to Chinese refineries. There are more such long-term finance supply deals in the works.

The Chinese government has established strategic guidelines for its national firms. That is, the Chinese government has set goals for Chinese firms to supply China’s long-term needs for energy and other natural resources. The Chinese are looking well ahead into the rest of this century, and even into the 22nd century. They want to ensure their future access to a diverse global supply chain, as well as win entrée into resource-rich regions of the world for Chinese industries and support firms.

Why are the Chinese receiving such a warm welcome in Brazil? According to Sergio Gabrielli, CEO of Petrobras, “The U.S. has a problem. There isn’t someone in the U.S. government that we can sit down with and have the kinds of discussions we’re having with the Chinese.”

In other words, there is a new geopolitics of oil at work. In the olden days, it would have been large international oil companies (IOCs) like Exxon Mobil (NYSE:XOM), Shell (NYSE:RDS.A / RDS.B) and BP walking into a room to meet with the Brazilians. The IOCs were the only game in town. They controlled the financing and the technology for large developments.

But today, the biggest deals begin with a political understanding at the top, hammered out between the highest levels of the respective governments. This top-down political deal making cuts out the IOCs, except where they have technical expertise that can be hired on a contract basis.

In essence, we are witnessing the end of the post-World War II economic construct of the world’s financial system. That construct always had a Western bias. But the 2008 crash of the Western business and financial model has changed everything. It has left a barren worldwide financial landscape for large development projects. Most traditional Western financing is simply not available for large projects. And as French author Francois Rabelais (1494-1553) once noted, “Nature abhors a vacuum.”

Thus has the Western financial crisis handed well-capitalized, government-backed Chinese banks and industrial firms an unmatched competitive advantage. With the traditional credit markets dry, Chinese banks have transformed into key lenders for the resource developments that will fuel the next generation of humanity. Indeed, for now, the Chinese are the world’s ONLY lenders for large resource development projects. See Brazil, Exhibit 1.

China’s Rare Earths Monopoly – All But Insurmountable

China’s support for Brazilian energy development is not the only angle that the Chinese government is pursuing for its future gain. China’s large reserves of foreign exchange, as well as its national strategic focus, has enabled incomparable – even insurmountable – progress for the Middle Kingdom to corner the world supply of substances called rare earths. Here’s the production chart for the past half century. Obviously, something is going on here.

Now that we’ve seen this chart, the questions arise: What are rare earths? And why are they important?

Rare earths are the 15 elements within the lanthanide series of the periodic table, plus the elements yttrium and scandium. The best known are lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, praseodymium, gadolinium, europium and samarium.

Here’s why rare earths are important. They’re used in a wide range of industrial and electronic applications. For many years, large amounts of lanthanum and cerium have been used in petroleum refining, with the result of increasing yields from each barrel of oil by about 10% while extending the life of other expensive catalysts like platinum. And rare earths find their way into myriad other applications, from aerospace super-alloys to rechargeable cell phone batteries.

More recently, large volumes of rare earths (especially neodymium) have gone into magnets. In fact, rare earths are a key component in strong, permanent magnets. It’s not those cute little refrigerator magnets; your computer contains a number of tiny magnets in its hard drive. If there are no permanent magnets, there are no computers. Or DVDs or DVRs or iPods, etc. Say farewell to your wired way of life.

And then there are the giant 1-ton magnets used in large windmill assemblies. Each windmill magnet is about the size of a car engine and uses 560 pounds of neodymium. The implication is that if the U.S. wants to erect windmills to generate electricity, the nation is making a long-term commitment to buy and use unprecedented amounts of neodymium. And there are NO substitutes. For just this one “clean energy” application, large amounts of rare earths – and the ores and mines to produce them – are essential.

There are many other clean-energy applications for rare earths as well, particularly in the now forming electric car industry. Neodymium magnets are key components in electric motors and regenerative braking systems used in hybrid vehicles. Without these magnets, no electric cars will ever roll off an assembly line, let alone whiz down an American highway.

Another significant demand for rare earths will come from large rechargeable batteries for electric cars. Nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) rechargeable batteries, for example, contain cerium and lanthanum in a form called “mischmetal.” And right now, NiMH batteries are the battery of choice for many hybrid vehicles. Overall, a typical hybrid electric vehicle can use about 50 pounds of rare earths – between the rechargeable battery pack, the permanent magnet motor and regenerative braking system. (Plus other tiny magnets for the sound system, power windows, power seats, windshield wipers, etc.)

So clearly, demand for rare earths is set to skyrocket. Just clean energy applications will drive unheralded demand for metals of which most investors – let alone consumers – have never heard.

It’s also important to keep in mind that almost none of the rare earths used in large power systems (like windmills) or electric vehicles (such as with NiMH batteries) are currently being recycled. The long lifetimes of the magnets and batteries, coupled with the lack of recycling technologies and dedicated facilities, means that any increase in supply can only come from new mining.

Another factor is that there appears to be an official Chinese policy to slow down export of rare earths. Chinese exports have decreased by 8% or so each of the past three years. Chinese suppliers have placed foreign customers on allocation, at reduced quantities from years past. The Chinese explain that they have closed mines for environmental reasons. Yet the Chinese also promise adequate supplies of rare earths if foreign users will move their industrial facilities into China.

According to Yoichi Sato, head of the Rare Earths Department of Japan’s Mitsui Industries, China is displaying its long-term strategy toward these critical elements. Mr. Sato believes that China is playing a complex game with the world’s rare earth consumers.

First, China is restricting rare earths exports, to provide its own high-tech industries with the chance to flourish and gain a competitive edge over rivals in Asia, Europe and the U.S. And second, it will force many foreign firms to move their high-tech factories and research centers to China to circumvent quotas. China, to be sure, has a small army of highly capable scientists and engineers who focus on rare earths applications – over 15,000 Ph.D.-level individuals, by one count.

Mitsui’s Mr. Sato believes that China will use its existing monopoly status in rare earths production to crush any competition that emerges. While about 42% of worldwide rare earths resources are outside China, there are NO non-Chinese sites with any significant processing or refining capacity. In the game of rare earths, China holds almost all of the cards.

Mr. Sato has stated, “Many people are looking at establishing alternative refineries and sources outside China, but the investment is not necessarily a sound one because of the threat of price revenge by China. If new projects emerge, as they have recently in Malaysia and Australia, China could just drop its prices and force rivals out of business.”

And as if on cue, in April 2009, Chinese firms used their financial muscle to buy large stakes in potential foreign rivals in Malaysia and Australia.

I hope that you now understand the importance of rare earths to the 21st-century economy of the West, particularly to the energy future of the U.S. I’m following this situation very closely. There ARE some potential investment opportunities in rare earths, but only in very small, thinly capitalized firms.

Until we meet again,
Byron King

Source: Brazil’s National Commitment to Energy – Bankrolled by China

The Shift to Heavy Oil, with an “Energy Microsoft” at the Forefront

But a significant portion of the world’s oil is much lower quality than the light, sweet stuff. Indeed, most oil that’s found in nature is a heavy, viscous hydrocarbon with the consistency of cold molasses. This heavy oil – defined as API gravity 22.3 or less – is difficult and costly to produce and refine. That’s why people have pumped and burned the light, sweet oil for the past 150 years. Throughout its history, the oil industry has usually bypassed the heavier oil fractions. Why go to the trouble and expense, right?

But now conventional oil resources are drying up. The reasons have to do with geology, politics, macroeconomics and the investment cycle. Boiled down, it’s the Peak Oil argument, which focuses on the worldwide decline in output of light, easy-to-get oil. And Peak Oil is a serious matter. As light oil gets scarce, however, a lot of new heavy oil plays are coming out of the industrial shadows.

Indeed, with the breakout of heavy oil into the marketplace, the world energy business is about to change dramatically. It’s kind of like what we saw with the computer revolution that began about 30 years ago. Big, heavy mainframes gave way to small-scale, distributed and personalized computing power. At the heart of the revolution was the operating system, much of which wound up coming from Microsoft.

Today, the energy industry is on the cusp of a revolution equally profound. And in the forefront of that change is the company that I’ll describe in this issue of Energy and Scarcity Investor. This visionary firm is sort of an “Energy Microsoft.”

How Much Heavy Oil Is Out There? A Lot!

First, let’s define a few terms and look at some numbers. According to oil service giant Schlumberger, only about 30% of the total world oil resource is the conventional, light, sweet crude (technically, API gravity 22.3 and above). Heavy oil (API 22.3 and below), by comparison, makes up about 15% of the world’s oil resource. Extra-heavy oil (API gravity less than 10) makes up 25% of the world’s oil resource. And nearly 30% of the world’s oil resource is in the form of tar sands and bitumen (with API gravities in the low single digits – it doesn’t flow at all).

Schlumberger estimates that there are between 6-9 TRILLION barrels of heavy oil in the world. Big numbers, right? Especially since the current total world demand for oil is in the range of 30 billion barrels per year. With heavy oils, we’re talking about 200-300 years’ worth of potential supply. (That’s at current rates of use. If we can get it all. Which we can’t. So it won’t happen. But it illustrates the point.)

Where is all of this heavy oil? Here are the nations with the largest estimated deposits:

This list goes on to include other nations with significant heavy oil deposits, such as Brazil, Saudi Arabia and Indonesia. Further down the list of countries holding sizeable heavy oil resources are Australia, South Africa, Nigeria, Libya, Argentina, Peru and Vietnam.

So you can see that heavy oil (and extra-heavy oil, tar sand and bitumen) is a vast and underutilized energy resource. Of course, keep in mind that nowhere near all of this resource is recoverable under even the best scenarios. But the point is that heavy oils, of all types, constitute immense energy potential – many decades worth of supply. And it’s all but certain that, as conventional oil becomes scarcer and more expensive to extract, the world’s energy industry will turn to heavy oils. It’s already happening.

Early and Current Efforts with Heavy Oil

Looking back in history, people and nations used heavy oils when necessity demanded. During World War II, Italy supplied its military (and the military of Germany) with oil products from a modest-sized heavy oil deposit in Albania. The Soviets, desperate for oil products, utilized several heavy oil deposits in south-central Russia. The Japanese exploited heavy oil deposits in Japan, Indochina and Indonesia.

Today, the energy industry has an array of projects that exploit heavy oils. Chevron, for example, lifts about 80,000 barrels per day of heavy oil from its large complex (of 8,000 wells!) at Kern River, California. Venezuela’s national oil company PDVSA produces about 400,000-500,000 barrels of heavy oil per day from projects in the Orinoco region. Offshore Brazil, Petrobras (NYSE:PZE) has a deep-water project targeted at a string of heavy oil deposits. And BP has several billion barrels of heavy oil resources located under the Arctic tundra near the conventional oil fields of Prudhoe Bay, Alaska.

When it comes to tar sands and bitumen, the massive developments in western Canada offer a $500 billion example. The Canadian tar sands projects currently yield nearly 2 million barrels of oil per day out of bitumen, strip-mined from the near-surface prairies of Alberta.

Next week, I’ll be in Denver for the American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG) convention. I’ve been a member of AAPG for 30 years, and it’s been a source of great professional education and growth for me. I’ll attend the exhibits and talks and meet with several energy companies to get the latest insight into what’s going on out in the field. I’m even scheduled to be a judge on some of the programs for geothermal and heavy oil. All that, and I’m visiting with some hard rock miners while I’m in the area.

Naturally, I’ll look for great investment ideas and keep you posted.

Until we meet again,
Byron King

Source: Heavy Oil Becomes More Appealing As Light, Sweet Crude Runs Out

Spreading Your Bet Without Losing Any Profits

Instead of outright betting on oil’s price, let’s use the spread between oil and gas. After all, some of the largest companies in the world do this. All the large oil companies (ExxonMobil -NYSE:XOM-, BP, Shell -NYSE:RDS.A-, etc.) do it by owning refineries.

Now, to be fair, most of their profits don’t come from the refinery process. But big money is still out there for the taking. Just take a look at industry leader Valero (NYSE:VLO). Last year, while it may not have been a normal environment for a energy related business, Valero brought in $119 billion in revenue.

Unfortunately, most of the money disappeared because, as a refiner, the company had to purchase the oil to process. Oil hit $147 last year, which certainly put a dent in Valero’s bottom line.

So, the question if oil is rising again, will gas and heating oil follow? And if so, by how much?

Inviting the Mathematicians to the Oil Field

The most important figure in the refinery business is something called the crack spread. Using a West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude refining model, the ratio is three barrels of crude (cost), two barrels of gasoline (gain), and one barrel of heating oil. That’s written like this: 3-2-1. If you are using OPEC grades, which produce less gasoline, the ratio is 2-1-1.

Until you see where it’s been and where it’s going, all this info is useless. Here’s a frame of reference:

Cracking the Crack Spread

As you can see, it’s been all over the board the last few years. It even went negative at one point last year, which means the refinery loses money on every single barrel of crude it processes.

We expect, over time, that this spread will stay above $7, probably even north of $10 or $12. This is not an exact science. Not only are we guestimating, we’re using a number that is only relevant to refinery investors, not refineries.

You see, every refiner has pays a different price for its oil, and has contracts set months ahead of time for the sale of its gas and heating oil… not to mention the other products that come out of this system (coke, propane, butane, slurry, sulfur, etc.).

So every refinery has its own crack spread number. And that can vary far less than what the above example would have you believe. For instance, do you think that a refiner will take a contract to sell its products at a lower price than its contract to purchase the crude? Absolutely not. So, other than extreme cases, its unique spread will never be negative.

We found a refiner that is doing just fine, and even has a leg up on competition through a unique business pairing.

Unlikely Paring Presents a Lucrative Penny Stock Opportunity

We’re talking about CVR Energy Inc (NYSE: CVI). CVR is a domestic refiner with operations in Coffeyville, Kansas — about 100 miles from Cushing, Oklahoma, which is a major crude oil trading hub.

Its refinery business brought in $4.8 billion last year. That’s quite a bit of business for a penny stock. And that’s not even the most interesting part about this play.

The company has a second segment that accompanies this petroleum business perfectly: nitrogen fertilizer manufacturing. You might not think of these two operations as brother and sister, but I assure you they are.

There are two ways to make nitrogen fertilizer: by using coke or natural gas. Natural gas is the obvious one everyone chooses because it is convenient and easy to transport.

CVR is the exception to this rule. It uses coke from its refinery, which is located right next door to the fertilizer plant. This cuts out one of the major costs of running a fertilizer business, and coke is just a by product of its refinery business.

Both segments have been a bit volatile over the last 12 months. With oil and gas prices spiking mid-summer last year, it caused the company to become much more flexible.

CVR’s refinery business, for example, moved from a complexity of 10.3 to 12.1 last year. A refinery’s complexity is a number that describes its flexibility to maximize yields (getting the most out of every barrel of crude and staying economical). This is a fantastic complexity ratio. It beats Valero’s average, which is the lowest cost refinery business in the country.

When you combine the next-to-no cost of CVR’s fertilizer business with the efficiency of its refinery business, you get one of the most attractive companies in either industry. And right now, it’s a steal for just a little over $8 per share.

You can’t ask for a better way to play America’s two favorite vices: gas and food.

Sincerely,
Jim Nelson

Source: The Perfect Refinery Penny Play

After all, the economies in both China and India are apparently continuing to grow at a fairly rapid pace, and those countries’ demand for transportation and other forms of energy are thus likely to keep pace. For some minerals, the period of high prices from 2005 to 2008 has produced a surplus. But no such effect has been seen in the oil market, as large new discoveries are hard to find.

If we’ve learned anything in the last few years, it’s that political risk is very important in oil investments. It’s not just a question of outright nationalization – as is true in Venezuela. Other greedy countries, like Nigeria, boosted the royalties payable when oil prices were high, and have shown little willingness to reduce them again now that they have declined.

Hence, it’s once again time to look at investments in the one important energy source whose friendliness to the United States and decent quality of governance can be assured.

I’m speaking, of course, about Canada.

Canadian oil-and-gas investments are attractive for three reasons.

• Canada’s political stability makes it a buffer against turmoil from less-stable oil sources.
• The country’s conventional oil-and-gas sources add substantial capacity at reasonable prices to U.S. domestic oil production; these sources are profitable at almost any plausible oil price.
• And Canada’s tar sands in the Athabasca region represent a potential source of oil, with approximately 1.6 trillion barrels of theoretically recoverable reserves. That’s potentially larger than the Middle East, but with two major problems: The cost of production is high and the environmental impact could be substantial.

That last point – and the two major problems it identifies – is key. At low oil prices, both factors make tar sands problematic; it is politically more difficult to overcome environmentalist objections if secure oil sources do not appear a priority. However, at high prices, environmentalist problems go away, although they may add to extraction costs. However, if prices escalate rapidly, extraction costs also tend to escalate, so oil-shale-producers reaped less of a bonanza than they might have in 2007-2008.

Now that oil prices have stabilized, the cost increase has slowed, so that (for example) Suncor Energy Inc.’s (NYSE: SU) tar-sands-production costs in this year’s first quarter rose only 6% from the previous year, hitting $28 per barrel. Since oil prices are currently around $58 a barrel, that leaves plenty of profit margin.

The Canadian oil business is still rather more entrepreneurial than the international majors – Calgary is that kind of place. I remember an instance when I was working as a banker back in the 1980s. I’d spent the weekend in New York with my girlfriend, and then turned up for a scheduled Monday lunch with some oilmen at the Ranchmen’s Club. Not thinking, I’d ordered my normal urban cocktail, an Apricot Sour. This was quite rightly treated with great derision, and I was firmly presented with a bullshot (vodka and beef bouillon) – in a pint beer mug!  Got the deal, I’m proud to say, but was pretty worthless for the rest of the day.

The message: Investing in Calgary oil is a little like dining at the Ranchmen’s Club; you have to have certain qualities of fortitude and stamina!

Canadian oil companies you might look at include the following (when looking at earnings, the first quarter of 2009 is a good guide; 2008 is all over the place because of the bizarre behavior of oil prices):

Canadian Natural Resources Ltd. (NYSE: CNQ): Primarily a conventional oil producer, this company’s operations are centered on Western Canada, the North Sea and offshore West Africa (Gabon), though it is also building an oil sands plant north of Fort McMurray, Alberta. It is trading at about 14 times earnings when you strip out misguided risk management, and about 80% above book value. It’s over-leveraged, too. Conclusion: A decent company, but pricey.

EnCana Corp. (NYSE: ECA): North America’s largest natural gas producer and conventional oil producer, with operations in Western Canada, offshore Nova Scotia and the Western United States. It is a leader in oil recovery through steam-assisted natural drainage. Based on first-quarter earnings, its Price/Earnings (P/E) ratio is about 9, and its Price/Book (P/B) ratio is about 1.7. It has only moderate leverage. Conclusion: This one looks like a decent value; it even pays a semi-respectable dividend, yielding 2.8%.

Imperial Oil Ltd. (NYSE: IMO): Majority-owned by ExxonMobil Corp. (NYSE: XOM). Even though it’s now headquartered in Calgary, Imperial is the least Calgary-ish of Canada’s oil majors. It owns 25% of Syncrude Canada Ltd., the oldest tar sands project, and also explores for and produces conventional oil in Western Canada and in the offshore Atlantic provinces. Imperial also refines and markets petroleum, owning a chain of service stations and convenience stores, and produces petrochemicals. It experienced a sharp drop in first-quarter earnings, its P/E based on the lower first-quarter results is about 40, with the stock trading at four times book value. Conclusion: Overpriced.

Nexen Inc. (NYSE: NXY): The former Canadian arm of Occidental Petroleum Corp. (NYSE: OXY), it owns 7% of Syncrude and another (Long Lake) start-up tar sands project, and has oil producing operations in Yemen, the North Sea, the Gulf of Mexico, Colombia and offshore West Africa. Its P/E is about 20 based on first-quarter results and it is very over-leveraged. Conclusion: Given the non-Canada risk, not very attractive.

Suncor Energy Inc. (NYSE: SU): A major tar sands play, Suncor has now agreed to merge with Petro Canada (NYSE: PCZ), a deal that’s expected to close in the third quarter. Suncor also produces natural gas in Western Canada and operates refineries. Petro Canada has tar sands, natural gas, pipeline and retail operations. It is priced at about 30 times annualized first-quarter operating earnings, but oil prices are up about $10 since then (which should boost its earnings), and its tar sands production is ramping up. Conclusion: At 2.3 times book value, with a respectable balance sheet, it’s a decent bet on oil’s growth sector.

Talisman Energy Inc. (NYSE: TLM): The former BP Canada (NYSE ADR: BP), it was spun off in 1992, grew through acquisitions, and now has a diversified portfolio of holdings. It’s active in Western Canada, the Western United States, the United Kingdom (including a wind-farm operation), Norway, Colombia, Peru, Algeria, Tunisia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam, Australia and Qatar. It has sold $2.5 billion worth of operations to raise cash. Talisman has a P/E ratio of about 8, based on its first quarter, or 11, based on continuing operations in that quarter. It has a P/B ratio of about 1.4, and only moderate leverage. Conclusion: An iffy company in terms of quality, but cheap, and is thus worth a look.

Source: The Six Ways to Play Canada’s Oil Sector

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At this point, the temptation to work as long as possible, and then blow what remains of your savings on a round-the-world cruise and a suicide pill is considerable.

However, such despair is unwarranted.

Unless you have already given up all paid employment, or absolutely have to retire in the next year or two, the current bear market may have made your eventual retirement prospects more secure, not less.

You see, the most damaging factor for your retirement happiness was not the current downturn, but the preceding decade-long bubble.

Let me explain.

Savers who devote an equal amount each month to their long-term plans benefit from an important mathematical principle: Dollar cost averaging. Under dollar cost averaging, you put in the same amount of money each month, so that amount buys more shares if prices are low than it does if prices are high.

Thus, if a mutual fund trades at $1 in month one, $2 in month two and $1.50 in month three, then a dollar-cost-averaging investor investing $300 per month will buy 300 shares in month one, 150 in month two and 200 in month three. After his month three investment, he will own 650 shares at a cost of $900, for an average cost of $1.3846. Since the average price of the shares over the three months was month three’s $1.50, he has made an extra $0.1154 per share compared with the average share price.

That’s why prolonged bull markets are so bad for retirement investors (unless they are lucky enough to retire before the bubble bursts). In this case, the Standard and Poor’s 500 Index stood at 459.27 at the end of 1994. Then after February 1995, when U.S. Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan moved to an ever-easing monetary policy with low interest rates, it took off for the stratosphere.  It passed its current level of 825 in early 1996, and except for a short period in 2002 has traded above that level ever since.

So, even though retirement savers from 1996-2008 thought most of the time that they were doing very well, in reality they were buying shares at an over-inflated price, and just about every one of their monthly contributions is currently showing a loss.

It’s not the current bear market that has caused that loss. Stock prices in 1996-2008 were always at excessive prices, so a major correction was bound to happen sometime. If the correction had happened in December 1996, when Greenspan made his famous “irrational exuberance” speech, the market would have on average been substantially lower over the subsequent 12 years. And a retirement investor who had saved over that period would be substantially richer today because he would have owned significantly more shares of the mutual fund in which he had invested.

The wise retirement savers who have a few years to go should hope the current lower stock prices stick around, maybe even go lower still provided they recover before they has to draw on the savings or convert them into an annuity. By continuing to invest regularly at these lower prices, the return from dividends and capital appreciation will compound more quickly, particularly if they buy stocks that have a substantial dividend yield.

Even if their savings remain adequate, they shouldn’t convert them into an annuity because annuity rates are currently very low. With long-term Treasury bonds yielding less than 3%, actuaries factor that exceptionally low return into their annuity calculations.

Right now, a 65-year-old man who buys an annuity can expect to receive only around $74 per $1,000 of investment, without any protection for inflation or guaranteed minimum return if he dies quickly. Once interest rates rise, as they are almost bound to, that annuity rate will rise in step with them.

Rather than convert into an annuity, the retirement saver should simply invest in stocks that are both solid and yield more than 7.4% – and there are still plenty of them out there. That way, he can achieve the same return as an annuity while preserving, and maybe even increasing, his principal – in addition of course to any further monthly payments he can make while still working.

By building a portfolio of such stocks including a selection from emerging markets, he can take advantages of the higher-dividend payouts frequently found outside the United States.

Finding stocks with dividend yields equal to or greater than an annuity yield was tough when the S&P 500 was at 1400. But at 800, it’s a lot easier, even if you want to avoid the financial sector for obvious prudential reasons.

Such solid companies as General Electric Co. (GE), BP PLC (ADR: BP), Du Pont (DD), Newell Rubbermaid Inc. (NWL) and Limited Brands Inc. (LTD) yield well over 7% currently, and that’s without venturing into emerging markets companies.

If your retirement portfolio has been decimated, don’t despair. At these lower stock prices it will be much easier to build its value up again, and because stock yields are higher you won’t need so much capital to generate the income you want to live well.

Source: Retirement Investing: How Bear Markets Can Help Your Retirement Planning