Now, JPMorgan Chase & Co.  (NYSE: JPM) has issued a report suggesting that investment-banking returns on capital will be sharply down over the next few years. Perhaps this will be only a moderate downturn.

However, there’s also a good chance that labor-cost pressures – combined with tightening margins – will take the likes of JPMorgan and Goldman Sachs Group Inc. (NYSE: GS) down a path similar to that of General Motors Corp. (NYSE: GRM) and Chrysler Group LLP, both of which earlier this year declared bankruptcy.

Challenging Headwinds

JPMorgan anticipates that the regulatory changes that are likely to take place over the next year or so will reduce investment banks’ return on equity (ROE) to around 11% – down from its previous forecast of 15%.

More capital will be needed for trading activity, which naturally reduces the return on capital from that activity. However, there will also be effects from new transparency requirements on derivatives. (Most – if not all – derivatives will have to be traded and cleared across central exchanges.) And tighter limits on commodities positions will prevent firms from cornering less-active markets.

This effect will be concentrated on investment banks themselves – firms such as Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley (NYSE: MS) – as well as on the investment banking activities of such firms as Credit Suisse Group AG (NYSE: CS), Deutsche Bank AG (NYSE: DB), Citigroup Inc. (NYSE: C), and JPMorgan Chase.

Old-fashioned commercial banking, on the other hand, will likely become somewhat more profitable. That’s because the sharp reduction in securitization activity has reduced the excessive competition for much of the lending business. It’s also improved the lending business profitability.

Investment banks will have to reduce their headcount by another 3% from present levels and cut their overall cost per employee by another 15%, to around $543,000 in 2011, according to the JPMorgan study.

What agony! (Actually, that joke is not quite fair – the cost per employee includes the building, the equipment and all the fancy information services, so the take-home is much less. Even so, these guys – at least those who keep their jobs – won’t starve.)

The New Reality

We are so used to investment banking growing and becoming increasingly more profitable – on virtually an uninterrupted basis – that we have never even considered what might happen if that trend were to reverse.

Even after last year’s crash, Goldman Sachs reported record second quarter profits in 2009. Spreads in all kinds of trading widened dramatically and Goldman found its market share dramatically increased after the demise of Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. (OTC: LEHMQ).

But here’s the thing: The trillions of dollars poured into the markets by the U.S. Treasury Department and the U.S. Federal Reserve were the driving force behind those profits. Investment banks like Goldman weren’t just given a level playing field – they were given one that was essentially (and artificially) cleared of obstacles. Even the few “competitors” that remained were hobbled by their past mismanagement.

Investment banking is not particularly difficult or intellectually challenging. And the proliferation of new and complex products that turbocharged the profit growth of investment banks during the past few decades won’t continue. Any new financial product will be forced to run a gauntlet of regulatory bureaucrats before being allowed to emerge.

Had the credit-default swap (CDS) been invented today, can anyone doubt that it would have been fenced in by restrictions so onerous that the damaging derivative would have never made it to market? The painful memories of last year’s near-unraveling of the global financial markets are still fresh. So it’s unlikely that investment banks would be able to get the regulatory nod for a big-risk strategy that is likely to result in a taxpayer bailout.

The bottom line is clear: The reduction in U.S. investment banking profitability is likely to be permanent, with various rent-seeking scams blocked. In this post-crisis era, investment pools from China, the Middle East and other parts of Asia – backed by increasingly sophisticated financial players in those markets – will acquire the necessary capabilities to enter the market and further reduce the returns of domestic investment banks.

We have seen this before: An industry, previously very profitable, finds itself hemmed in by government restrictions and its most-profitable products get regulated out of existence. Foreign competition enters the market and grinds away at the domestic market share.

The natural reduction of competitors doesn’t happen, as one or more are bailed out by taxpayers and survive to continue competing for the business.  Legacy costs of remuneration promises made when things were better place an ever-increasing burden on the industry’s returns. Reducing the work force pay becomes very difficult, as the workers have great power over production and resist the necessary downsizing of their excessive pay.

Sound familiar? Last time, it was the U.S. auto industry, and the eventual result was the bankruptcy of GM and Chrysler. Reducing pay to a work force when market conditions become harsh is extremely difficult, if now downright impossible.

Of course, investment bankers have no United Automobile Workers (UAW) representing them. But shareholders will know from past experience that the investment-banking work force’s ability to suck up available profits is huge, whereas losses suddenly devolve back on shareholders.

Don’t forget, militant autoworkers could only beat up “scabs” when their livelihood was threatened. Militant traders could re-jig the computer systems so that the trading algorithms worked backwards, producing losses instead of profits. In an era of credit default swaps and millisecond trading, this could wipe out shareholders in half an hour of frantic activity before anyone realized what had gone wrong in an era of credit default swaps and millisecond trading.

It may take a couple of decades for the investment banking business to decline, as it did for the much larger U.S. auto industry. But by 2030, collapse could loom.

The comparison isn’t a stretch. In fact, it wasn’t just a ticker-symbol letter – “G” – that  the two companies shared: GS for Goldman Sachs, and GM when General Motors was still a public company. It turns out that their underlying business models also shared similar strategic flaws. And those flaws put the two on a similar path to ruin at the hands of forces that grew out of the crises in their particular industries – crises that they each helped create.

Source: Could Goldman Sachs Share GM’s Fate?

The S&P 500 is up almost 60% since March. The Dow just had its best quarter since ’98.

Yesterday, the Dow slipped 29 points. Is the rally finally rolling over? Or is this a genuine bull market, just taking a pause?

If it is a real bull market it’s a funny-looking bull – one that is missing parts!

For example, corporate earnings are missing. P/E ratios are rising far above the corporate earnings that support them. This puts the market 35% overvalued on a cyclically-adjusted P/E basis, says Smithers & Co.

And if you look at it in terms of its “q” ratio – a comparison of capitalisation and replacement costs – the S&P is even more overvalued. As for emerging markets, “they’re off the charts,” says the Financial Times.

Another missing part is the consumer. This from David Rosenberg:

“ Consumer confidence not only surprised to the downside in September but the Conference Board index actually fell to 53.1 from 54.5 with both the ‘present situation’ and the ‘expectations’ component failing to build on the August rebound. Before we go any further on the details, let’s recall the following:

Just to put a 53.0 reading into proper perspective. It’s still recessionary… The only categories that actually saw their confidence level rise in September were the ones in the lowest income strata – less than $25,000 (their confidence rose two points). After all, they’re the only ones really benefitting from all the government intervention into the economy and the markets. ”

It’s not hard to figure out why consumers lack confidence: this bull is lacking in jobs, too. A worse-than-forecast report came in from ADP Employer Services yesterday. It said US companies cut 254,000 more jobs in September. And Reuters reports that jobless rate rose in August in all US cities.

The bull is also missing production. Another report told us that manufacturing activity in the Chicago area is still in recession. In the US as a whole, the latest numbers tell us that GDP fell in the second quarter – but by less than forecast.

‘Less than forecast’ might be good news if stocks were at an epic low. Instead, at current levels, it is much like a doctor who tells the family: “Thank God he got medical attention. He’s dead, but not as dead as he would have been without it.”

Another important part this bull market is missing is the retail stock market investor. Hey, this rally has no legs at all!

We have insisted – with no proof, up until now – that the small investor is no longer counting on the stock market for his retirement. He’s seen what can happen. At the low in March, adjusted for inflation, he was back to where he was 40 years ago. That is, in real terms, he had not made a dime from the stock market (aside from dividends) during his entire adult lifetime. We guessed that he was not buying stocks.

Now, here’s the evidence.

According to TrimTabs, only $2.5 billion (£1.6 billion) has gone into equity mutual funds in the last six months. Bond funds have attracted 13 times as much money as equity funds, says a Morningstar report.

“ US retail investors… have watched this rally from the sidelines,” the FT concludes.

Wait a minute. Someone is pushing up stock prices. If not the retail trade, who? We don’t know. Maybe hedge funds. Maybe institutional speculators. The pros have a different outlook.

If this rally turns out to be real, and they miss it, their jobs and reputations are in danger. If it turns out to be phony, on the other hand, they risk clients’ money. On balance… they are better off getting in than staying out.

But just as the pros jump like lemmings into equities… they could all scramble out fast. Give them a fright… and this rally is over.

Where might the fright come from? We can think of several possibilities. One is the housing sector. If repossessions begin to increase… and prices fall… even the pros may put two and two together. Likewise, a shocking unemployment number could cause them to connect the dots.

Another thing that may trigger a sell-off in the stock market: a sudden setback in China…

Today is a big day in China… it marks the 60 th anniversary of the communist rise to power. “The Chinese people have stood up,” said Mao, announcing the victory in 1949.

Then, over the next two decades, whenever the Chinese stood up… Mao shot them down himself. Mao’s long march to power was a huge setback for human political progress – if there is any. The man was a thorough scoundrel and a complete incompetent at everything, except getting power and holding onto it.

Every program was a disaster. When he set out to ‘liberate’ the masses, they ended up as slaves. When he set out to feed them, they starved. When he proposed to empower them with his “democratic dictatorship”, they ended up with bullets in the back of the head.

But 60 years later, the commies are still in power. China is still red.

And yet, thanks to the curious way the world turns, China’s economy is now freer and more competitive in many ways than the US. Go figure.

*** As economies age, more and more people become ‘rentiers’. That is, they get some special privilege… some inside angle… some conniving advantage. The latest numbers, for example, tell us that almost half of all households pay no federal taxes. They collect benefits – jobless benefits, food stamps, education, day care, health care, social security – without contributing to the system that provides them. Then there are the millions of households that pay taxes but receive a large part of their money from the government itself – employees, contractors, lobbyists, etc. Combine these and you have enough to win any election in the country.

But the welfare chiselers and food stamp cheats are small-time crooks. The big crooks go for billions. John Crudele in the New York Post:

“… September 18, 2008 [ US Secretary of the Treasury... Henry] Paulson placed his first call of the day at 6:55am, to Lloyd Blankfein, who succeeded Paulson as CEO of Goldman. It’s unclear whether the two connected, because Blankfein called Paulson minutes later.

“And then Blankfein placed another call to Paulson at 7:05am for what looks like a ten-minute conversation.

“After that Paulson called Christopher Cox, Securities & Exchange Commission Chairman, twice; British chancellor Alistair Darling; and New York Federal Reserve head (and now Treasury Secretary) Tim Geithner two times.

“Then Paulson took another call from Goldman’s Blankfein.

“It wasn’t even 9am yet – 30 minutes before the stock market was to open – and Paulson and Blankfein had already exchanged three phone calls.”

It pays to have friends in high places. That was the day the market learned of Paulson’s bailout proposals. Could Goldman have gotten word before others?

Hey, we’re not accusing anyone…

*** “I can’t make this work. It’s too hard. It’s too complicated. And there are too many other people doing a lot better stuff.”

Jules is free, white and 21 years old. His daddy’s rich (at least he would be rich if he lived in, say, Pakistan) and his mummy’s good-looking. But Jules is worried. He recently graduated from college and has decided to begin a career in music. He has begun a two-piece band, called ‘Royal Native’ and has produced an album. All who have heard it are impressed. But the challenge of turning a pair of talented young musicians into a going, moneymaking concern is daunting. Almost overwhelming.

“There are just so many groups doing similar things,” Jules continued. “They’re all on the internet, just like we are. And many of them are very good. And I don’t know how to distinguish what we’re doing from what they’re doing. We’re not really ‘better.’ And we don’t really have a unique sound.

“You can’t make a go of it on the internet alone. You have to perform. I can perform… but only the country/folk stuff. And that’s just not going to take us anywhere… because everybody does it. Our new sound is ‘techfolk’… it’s good, but it’s done in the studio… you can’t do it on stage. So you can’t perform. And if you can’t perform your stuff, you might as well give up because you’ll never get the ‘buzz’ you need to stand out.

“And there are so many things I just don’t know how to do… so much of this is marketing. I don’t know anything about marketing. And what can I market? You need something unique. We don’t have anything unique. We’re just trying to come up with good music… and that’s hard enough…

“I think I’m going to give up. It’s too hard. I’ll never be able to do it. Besides, all I really want in life is a house in the suburbs, a nice, blonde wife… and a job where I don’t have to work too hard.”

We had to pause and think. What to say to a young man who is just starting out… and who realises what he is up against?

Father-knows-best had this advice:

“Jules… look… you’ve got a long road ahead. This is no time to worry. You’re not supposed to know how things work… or how to get where you’re going. Life is a long hike. It is as if you were walking from Baltimore to Los Angeles. It doesn’t really matter which way you turn when you go out the front door. The important thing is just to keep walking. You’ll have plenty of time to correct your course.”

Until tomorrow,

Bill Bonner

Source: The Rally Rests on a Knife-Edge

Although I have great sympathy for the deflation crowd, given the reckless attitude of the central bankers and their ability to create debt-based money, I do not believe deflation (contraction in the supply of money and total debt) is very likely.

For sure, in this post-bubble environment, American consumer debt continues to contract, but this is being more than offset by the expansion in federal debt. Over the past year alone, federal debt in America has surged from US$9.645 trillion to US$11.813 trillion. In other words, during the past twelve months, American federal debt has risen by a shocking 24.47% and it now stands at 83.52% of GDP! Now, given the ability of the American establishment to essentially create dollars out of thin air, I have no doubt in my mind that it be able to inflate the economy. However, this will come at a huge cost and the victim will be the American currency.

In fact, the recent weakness in the US dollar is a sign that central-bank sponsored inflation has started to dominate the private-sector debt contraction in the West. Furthermore, over the past few weeks, various governments have issued US dollar-denominated debt and this suggests that the carry-trade is back in vogue. In a startling move, Germany recently announced that it plans to borrow money in US dollars!

Now, given the ongoing federal debt inflation, debasement of paper currencies, sky-high budget deficits and competitive currency devaluations, the macro-economic environment has never been better for precious metals. Yet, both gold and silver continue to frustrate the bulls by staying below the record-highs recorded in spring 2008.

So, what is going on here? Have we already seen the end of the precious metals bull-market or are we about to witness an explosive rally? Before I attempt to answer this question, I want to make it clear that even though gold failed to better its all-time high during last autumn’s panic, it was the only asset, (apart from US Treasuries) which stayed relatively firm. And looking at the various markets today, gold is the only asset that is flirting with its all-time high. So, whether you like it or not, gold deserves some credit for fulfilling its role as a safe haven.

Now, unlike some of the die-hard gold bugs, I don’t believe that gold is the ultimate asset to own at all times. Without a doubt, there have been times in history when gold has proven to be a lousy investment. For instance, between 1980 and 2001, the nominal price of the yellow metal fell by an astonishing 70%. This horrible price action spawned an entire generation who grew up hating gold and up until a few years ago, the vast majority considered gold a barbaric relic.

However, during other periods in history, when macro-economic uncertainty was high and inflationary expectations were running out of control, gold turned out to be a fantastic asset to own.

If my take on the macro-economic situation is valid, then we are in such a period now and gold must form a part of every investment portfolio.

You may remember that over the past year, central banks have injected trillions of dollars into the banking system and it is only a matter of time before inflationary expectations start spiraling out of control. Up until now, this ‘stimulus’ money hasn’t permeated through the economy in the West but once money velocity picks up, prices will start rising and the investment community will become very concerned about inflation. When the deflation scare abates and people start protecting the purchasing power of their savings, capital will start to flow towards precious metals.

Long-term clients and subscribers will recall that about two years ago, I highlighted gold’s tendency to rocket higher every other year. Figure 1 captures this trend perfectly and you can see that since the outset, gold’s bull-market has been punctuated by lengthy consolidations and the yellow metal has surged to a new high every alternate year.

Figure 1: Is gold about to shine?

So, if gold remains in a bull-market and its trend consistency is intact, its price should surge over the following months. Conversely, if the price of gold fails to climb above its all-time high before year-end, it should start to ring alarm bells as this would open up the possibility that the bull-market may be over. Remember, certainty does not exist in the investment world and savvy investors should remain open to all outcomes.

Now, given the uncertainty in the world today and the ticking inflationary time-bomb, my view is that gold will soon embark on its north-bound journey. So, I suggest that investors hold on to gold and the related mining companies which will probably continue to perform well until next spring.

As far as silver is concerned, it has always been a high-beta play on the direction of gold. If the next up leg in gold’s bull-market materialises, the price of silver will also head towards the heavens. Accordingly, investors may also want to allocate a portion of their investment portfolio to silver bullion and silver producing companies.

Regards,

Puru Saxena

Source:Inflation is Our Future

Household credit is shrinking…
Profits are shrinking…
Employment is shrinking…
Housing values are shrinking…
The wage base is shrinking…

But the recession is over!

Whoa… how is that possible?

This weekend’s news brought no surprises. For example, the housing picture is still depressing – unless you’re a buyer.

There’s “no bottom in sight” to Florida condo prices, says Barron’s. And Reuters warns that option ARM mortgages “are about to explode.” At least, that’s what the attorney general of the sovereign state of Iowa says. The option gives the homeowner the right to pay only the interest (or in some cases less than the interest) for the first few years. They’re sometimes called I.O. mortgages (interest only). And now these mortgages, written at the height of the bubble, are beginning to reset to more normal terms. According to Reuters 128,000 people in Arizona alone will face reset I.O. mortgages next year.

How much more will these people have to pay? Between 5 and 10 times what they’re paying now. Almost all these homeowners are underwater. They bought at the bubbliest period. How many of them can afford a 400% increase in their mortgage payments? How many of them will be willing to pay?

Not many. That’s why a new wave of foreclosures is coming. And that’s why house prices are likely to keep going down; the supply is going to increase, while the demand (willing and able buyers) will probably stay steady.

Meanwhile, the California jobless rate has risen above 12%.

But let’s go back to the first item – shrinking consumer credit. This is the key thing. The expansion of the US economy – broadly speaking – from 1945 to 2007 depended on consumers’ willingness to go further into debt. Wages rose during the first half of that period – supporting consumption. But as the great boom continued more and more of it was based on credit, not on wages. At the end, it was almost all credit expansion. Consumers weren’t earning more money… nevertheless, they kept spending more and more money. How did they do it? By borrowing.

Without this borrowing the economy would not have grown.

And now what’s happening? Well, consumers aren’t borrowing anymore. Consumer credit is going the other way, shrinking rather than growing.

The feds are trying to counteract this major trend. This year, they’re borrowing $1.7 trillion. Consumers won’t borrow; no problem, the feds will borrow for them!

So far, the feds have put at risk about $13 trillion in order to counteract the downturn. This is about equal to the amount Americans had lost in the crash. But while the crash wiped out $13 trillion in housing and stock market wealth, the feds have no obvious way to put the money back. Banks were easy to reflate. Bankers and federales are tight with each other; they’re happy to share out the taxpayers’ money. But getting money to the consumer is a different matter. The banks don’t lend and the consumers don’t borrow.

Of the $13 trillion the feds have put at risk… very little has actually made its way to the consumer economy. Result: no new boom in consumer spending… no new boom in hiring… no new boom in production or profits.

Pity the poor investors who are counting on a bull market. Profits aren’t increasing. So the increase in stock prices is based on an increase in the multiple. As stocks rise, investors pay more for each dollar of earnings. Unless there is a big boom coming, this will turn out to be a mistake.

The Dow rose 36 points on Friday. Gold ended the day at $1008. And the dollar keeps sinking; on Friday, American visitors to Europe found that it cost $.147 per euro. (More below…)

“Things have changed so much,” said a colleague yesterday. “We’ve been telling readers that they could live so much more cheaply overseas. But now, about the cheapest place in the world to live is the US…”

We spent Sunday with the publisher of International Living magazine.

“Prices have fallen so much in Florida that you really get more for your money there than practically anywhere else,” she continued.

“I think Florida may be cheaper than Buenos Aires,” added son Will, who’s been living in Argentina for the last three years.

Housing is cheap in the US. In Texas and Arkansas, housing is probably the best bargain on the planet. Food prices are going up; still food in the US is much cheaper than it is in Europe. And cars? We have a friend in Paris who goes back to the US to buy his Mercedes. Even with the cost of shipping the car back to France… and the cost of refitting the car to European standards… he still saves about $10,000.

“I was just in Paris,” Will continued. “You pay $10 for a cup of coffee and a croissant. In Florida, I could get the ‘Breakfast Special’ for $5.95… and it had everything. Pancakes. Bacon. Everything.”

“But what is amazing,” continued our International Living colleague, “is that interest in moving overseas is going up. It’s not about money. Apparently, a lot of Americans are just fed up… or afraid. They want to get out. They see taxes going up or they see the society going down the tubes. I don’t know. But many say they just don’t like the way things are going.

“One thing I hear is that they think American society has become meaner… ruder… less civil. You can’t have a polite discussion of politics anymore. People get really upset and nasty. I mean, someone yelled out and called Obama a liar in the middle of a joint session of Congress. And a substantial part of the US population regard the guy – the guy who called him a liar – as a hero. They think Obama is a traitor…

“I think this is really a result of the financial downturn. People feel betrayed. Let down. They think something is very wrong. That the nation is in decline. So they look for someone to blame. And they tend to blame each other. Conservatives blame liberals. Liberals blame conservatives. They blame the bankers. They blame the capitalists. They blame the government.

“I guess that’s what happens when you get a major correction or a big financial crisis.”

We recalled what happened in Germany in the ‘20s and ‘30s:

“Germany was probably the most civilized country in the world – before WWI. Artists, philosophers, scientists, mathematicians, musicians… Germany had the best in the world. The war shook the public’s faith in its leaders. But then, according to people who lived through the period, the financial crises of the ‘20s and ‘30s were worse. Hyperinflation… depression… strikes… a decade of financial chaos and disruptions led to a breakdown in social order. By the early thirties, groups of communists and fascists were battling in the streets. People seemed to leave the center and move to extreme positions. Soon, the Nazis had the upper hand and Hitler was voted into the government.”

Until tomorrow,

Bill Bonner

Source: Pity the Investors Counting on a Bull Market

Investors can be excused if the word “October” is one that strikes fear into their hearts.

The trouble is, it’s actually September that deals investors the toughest monthly hands.

That’s September – as in the month that starts today (Tuesday).

After a rally that’s seen U.S. stocks surge 53% from their March lows (including 3.5% in August, alone), “investors are wondering if September will live up to its reputation as the month in which the S&P 500 posts its worst price performance and frequency of decline,” Sam Stovall, chief investment strategist at Standard & Poor’s Equity Research (NYSE: MHP), told MarketWatch.com yesterday (Monday).

Since 1929, September is actually the worst-performing months for stocks, with the S&P 500 suffering an average decline of 1.3% (compared to an average monthly advance of 0.5%), Stovall said.

The Dow Jones Industrial Average – the index that’s more closely followed by retail investors – tells a similar story. In fact, if you look at the Dow over the last 100, 50 and 20 years, September is the only month in which the average monthly performance has been negative, the Bespoke Investment Group concluded in a recent research report.

Over the past 100 years, the Dow has suffered an average decline of 0.96% in September, with a positive month 42% of the time. The average loss widened to 1.23% for the last 50 years and to 1.49% for the past 20.

Fall, in general, hasn’t been kind to investors: Of the 15 largest point declines in the Dow, six have come in October, four in September and two in November (See accompanying graphic).

Given that, investors “may have a reason to fear a setback in September,” Stovall told the news service. “We don’t know whether concerns over the upcoming [third-quarter] earnings reporting season will trigger this anticipated digestion of gains, or if further nervousness emanating from the Chinese stock market over the prospects of a slower-than-expected growth in GDP will cause U.S. equities to trim some of its recent advances, but September is as good a month as any in which to suffer a setback.

Stovall says that Standard & Poor’s investment committee believes that stocks are “are due for a period of consolidation” – Wall Street parlance for a potentially painful drop – before resuming their advance.

Not all Septembers are the same, however, Bespoke Investment’s recent shows. And this one could be particularly rocky.

When the Dow has a positive August, it does well in September more often than not. But when three specific market criteria are met, history shows that it’s best for investors to fasten their seatbelts, since they’re usually in for a rough September, Bespoke researchers found.

And – unfortunately – all three of those criteria have been met this year. Those three conditions are:

• The Dow is in positive territory year-to-date (+719.89 points, or 8.2%).
• The Dow is in positive territory during the past three months (+995.95 points, or 11.72%).
• The Dow is in positive territory in August (+324.67 points, or 3.54%).

Of the 17 times in the past when the Dow has boasted a positive return in all three of those time periods, the index has averaged a 1.73% decline for September, with positive returns for the month just three times. And those three months were each about 20 years apart.

Mark Arbeter, S&P’s chief technical strategist, told MarketWatch that the S&P could fall all the way down to 940 – an 8% decline from the close yesterday (Monday) – before continuing its advance to a fresh recovery high.

Indeed, S&P’s Stovall said that “while past performance is no guarantee of future results, history hints that September certainly has the reputation.”

Not everyone is so bearish, however.

Michael Darda, MKM Partners’ chief economist, this week told Barron’s that the stock market’s strong performance “perhaps [is] telling us that the idea of a painfully slow U.S. and global economic recovery is just plain wrong.”

And even if there is a pullback, it could be both shallow and temporary – because of the huge cache of cash on the sidelines. While it’s true that a record $327 billion in cash has flowed out of money-market mutual funds since March 11, that still leaves $3.58 trillion – down from the high of $3.92 trillion, but equal to 34% of the U.S. stock market’s total capitalization, Mizuho Securities Co. Ltd. Chief Investment Strategist Carmine Grigoli told Barron’s.

In 2002, when the last bull-market run began, money market cash equaled 29% of the stock market’s total capitalization. And it’s nearly double the 19% ratio that was present at the 2007 stock market peak, Grigoli told the closely watched Dow Jones (Nasdaq: NWSA) investment weekly.

And back then, the U.S. central bank wasn’t holding the benchmark Fed Funds rate at a historic low of roughly 0%.

Because cash earns almost nothing today, “as financial conditions improve and fear subsides, sideline cash is drawn into higher-risk instruments such as bonds and stocks,” Grigoli told Barron’s. That’s why we’re in “the early stages of a liquidity-driven bull market that could take stock prices substantially higher.”

After we navigate September, that is.

Source: Forget About October – September is the Worst Month for U.S. Stocks

The Dow rose 155 points on Friday. And today, stocks are rising in Asia. Oil is over $74. Gold rose $13 on Friday… to close at $954. And the dollar is killing us softly… sinking to $1.43 per euro on Friday.

Stocks and oil are at their highest levels so far this year. With such profits at hand people figure they don’t need the dollar. Investors run to the safety of the greenback when financial storms approach. But now… they think it will be clear sailing.

“Worlds bankers suggest rebound may be under way,” says a headline at the New York Times.

Is the world economy really recovering? Should you buy stocks now to take advantage of this new bull market?

You already know the answer, don’t you, dear reader.

After a fall comes a bounce. And along with the bounce come a lot of silly ideas. You see how it works? “Markets make opinions,” say the old timers on Wall Street. When stocks are going up investors find reasons why they are going up. Pretty soon, they’ve convinced themselves that they’ll go up forever.

But bounces do not last forever. They aren’t giant turtles… they’re moths. After a few months of flitting around bright lights, they dry up. When exactly this summer of winged love will end, we don’t know. September or October is our guess. But we have little doubt it will come to an end soon.

Ultimately, stock prices depend on earnings. People compare the rate of return they can get from stocks to what they can get from other investments. Rising earnings signal higher rates of return, so investors pay more.

During the great credit expansion of 1945-2007, businesses could anticipate, generally, rising earnings. People were buying more and more things on credit. In a national economy, businesses pay wages and then the employees use the wages to buy products. The wages are a ‘cost’ to the business… but they are also the source of business revenue. When sales come from credit, on the other hand, businesses have the revenue but no wage cost. Profits go up.

Now, the cycle has turned. Businesses still have the wage cost. But instead of using the money to buy things, the employee uses it to repay loans for purchases made last year or the year before. Now the business has the cost but not the revenue.

As they say in the economic textbooks: bummer.

The process of de-leveraging will be slow. Maybe 5 years. Maybe 15. Maybe 25. It will up and down… with high unemployment (businesses will cut their wage costs as sales fail to recover)… low prices (at least in real terms)… low profits… and slow growth, or none at all.

Is that bad? No, not at all. It’s good. Economies need to adjust to the new realities of the post-credit bubble world. It will take time. And with the world’s financial authorities fighting it every step of the way… it could take a LONG time. As we’ve explained in these Daily Reckonings, government is a profoundly conservative, parasite-protecting enterprise. It cannot draw forth the future – it has no idea what the future will be. Instead, all it can do is to try to recover the past. That’s the idea of the ‘recovery’… to try to coddle, protect and pay-off yesterday’s success stories. From Wall Street to welfare… governments attempt to prevent correction.

And more thoughts:

*** The Obama administration announced that it expects $9 trillion in deficits over the next 10 years. One of the great mysteries of our time is: where will the money come from? As we pointed out last week, even if every dollar of US savings is applied to the task, the feds will still be short. And if they make up the difference with funny money – from their quantitative easing scam – the Chinese vigilantes are likely to get cheesed off and dump their US Treasury bonds.

The evidence shows that the Chinese…and other Asians…are already trying to lighten up on their US debt holdings. This from the New York Times:

“Figures released by the Treasury Department this week indicated that China reduced its holdings of Treasury securities by $25 billion in June, the most China had ever sold in a month.

Monthly figures can be volatile, and can be revised, so it is risky to draw conclusions from one month’s data. In May, China increased its holdings by $38 billion, according to the Treasury figures.

“Nonetheless, the decline highlighted a fact… Asia’s appetite for Treasury securities is not growing as fast as it once did. That means the United States will have to turn to other buyers, including American citizens, who are now saving as they did not do during the boom years, to finance the deficits… In the first half of 2009, China and Hong Kong acquired only 9 percent of the more than $800 billion worth of Treasuries that were sold.

“ Japan, which was replaced by China as the largest foreign holder of Treasuries last year, has been a larger buyer this year, taking up 11 percent of the new supply of Treasuries.

“Ownership of US Treasuries by China, Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan and Thailand — since 1994 — rose to 25 percent, from less than 8 percent. Since then, as budget deficits in the United States grew, the share has fluctuated within a narrow range. In June, it was 24.7 percent.”

If Asians don’t finance US debts, who will? We don’t know… But the fewer bonds Asians buy… the more they are bought with funny money by the Fed. And the more the Fed buys with funny money the fewer Asians want to buy with real money.

How will this end? Badly…we keep saying. There is no way out. Either the feds cease spending more than they can raise honestly, by taxation and reasonable borrowing. Or, the system runs into chronic, mega deficits…like the chronic deficits in the private sector during the bubble years. Then, it blows up.

That is why we caution readers against the dollar and against Treasuries. Most likely, they will both go up this autumn…as investors flee to safety from the next market downturn. But the chances of them blowing up completely are too great. That’s why we stick with gold – even though we would not at all be surprised by a period of weakness in the gold market.

*** On Friday night, we went to a ‘dinner in white’ at a nearby chateau. It was a jolly affair, at an ancient chateau entirely surrounded by a moat.

We set up our table, alongside the others. We gathered for drinks. We saw old friends. And then we prepared for dinner.

Why “white?” The dinner marks the occasion of the Assumption of the Virgin. It’s held each year in this rural area of France. Everyone brings a full dinner service – table, chairs, candles, etc. etc. Then, after setting up outside, under the stars… there’s a twist. Couples switch around so that your editor ends up having dinner with a woman to whom he is not married.

Having dinner with someone else’s wife can be a delight. At least, you have nothing to argue about. But how much of a delight it is depends entirely – or perhaps mostly – on chance.

In our case, we were trebly lucky. In front of us was a charming woman who turned out to be a relative of many people we already knew. So we kept up a lively conversation about cousins, uncles, aunts… family tragedies… and upcoming marriages. On our right, was a cute woman with a bright smile and a friendly manner. On our left, was another charming woman with a shrewd, fast wit.

Time passed quickly. We crossed swords with the woman on our left – over education policies. We chatted with the woman in front of us – about family, the weather, local trends, food and whatever. We flirted with the woman on our right:

“Do you come to these dinners often,” we asked.

“About as often as you do,” came the reply, “once a year.”

“Well, the dinners suit you. You look very nice in white.”

“Thanks… but I really don’t have any choice. It’s a ‘dinner in white,’ after all. If I had a choice, I’d wear black.”

“Why… because you have a black, cruel heart? Or is it because you are in a sad mood? I hope not. And if so, perhaps I can cheer you up by telling you joke. How many Belgians does it take to change a lightbulb?”

“I’ve heard that one.”

“Then why does the guy from Belgium go to sleep with one full glass of water next to his bed and one empty glass?”

“I don’t know… why?”

“Because he never knows if he’ll be thirsty or not when he wakes up in the night.”

“Oh…”

Source: The Future Will Come

Fertilizers are a key part in meeting that challenge. And the farmers are financially in good shape to buy more. The debt-to-equity ratio for the U.S. farmer is only around 10-15%.

Overseas, farmers are subsidized directly. In India, the government picks up the tab of higher fertilizer costs. As Doyle pointed out: “With low grain stocks and low yields and 1.2 billion people, they’re not going to drop the ball. They’ll continue to support the Indian farmer.” China has also started to subsidize the Chinese farmer, helping out with seed, machinery and fertilizer.

But since fertilizer application rates fell around the world this year, it is hard to imagine a strong harvest. We will see. As grain inventories are already low, I expect we’ll need a strong planting season in early 2010. That means a strong demand for fertilizers.

At current pricing for potash, there is no incentive to boost production by investing in new capacity. The financial crisis also laid low any plans for more potash. A greenfield project — that is, one started from scratch — needs a higher price to make it work.

As Doyle pointed out, the cost for a 2-million-tonne facility in Saskatchewan is approaching $3 billion. That doesn’t include the infrastructure you need around it. Plus, it would take nearly a decade to get that new project generating a return on investment.

So from an investment point of view, potash still looks very good.

Source: One Commodity Worth Buying

There’s never been a better time to invest in commodities. That’s a very simple statement, but it’s backed by three powerful points:

• Commodities tend to do well when more-popular investments (with retail investors) are doing poorly, and when economic conditions are less than ideal.
• When the typical economic underpinnings are at play, a “Secular Bull Market” for commodities tends to last for about 17 years. And right now, the underpinnings are far from typical – and may even be exemplary, meaning this bull-market run could last a lot longer than the norm.
• And last, but not least, we’re only about nine years into this commodities bull market, meaning there’s probably a lot more room to run – probably eight years, and very like even more.

Amazingly, this powerful notion of the “Secular Market Cycle” – despite its tremendous profit potential – is largely unknown to the investment masses, and is rarely discussed by the mainstream business news media. Indeed, it’s so taken for granted that it almost a market secret.

If you’re a long-term investor, however, you’ll ultimately realize it’s one of the most lucrative strategies you have in your investing arsenal. And most amazing of all is that it’s easy to understand, easy to deploy, and easy to profit from.

Let me explain.

The Secret of the Secular Market Cycle

Why is it so special?  Well, with a finite time to invest for your retirement, it’s crucial to recognize and understand what we like to refer to as the “Secular Market Cycle,” or “Secular Cycle,” for short.

As the chart shows, a Secular Cycle, from peak to trough, typically lasts about 17-20 years on average (the period depicted by the chart ends in 2004, but still perfectly illustrates our concept). And there are essentially two types of cycles:

• The “Secular Bull Cycle,” during which regular stocks increase in value, and have their Price/Earnings (P/E) ratios (earnings multiples) expand. That means that stocks get more expensive.
• And the “Secular Bear Cycle,” during which stocks tend to experience a decline in both price and valuation, with P/Es that contract. At best, stock prices move sideways over an extended period, but still see their P/E multiples shrink, since corporate earnings are growing at a time when stock prices are stagnant.

For investors, one key problem is that an overall “Secular Cycle,” from trough to peak, and back to trough, can take 35 years. That’s a big chunk of a person’s wage-earning years, meaning there’s little room for missteps.

Now, there’s no point in fighting a secular market trend – not if you want your investments to grow.

So it’s essential to determine where we are in the cycle, because that will dictate expected returns over the following decade or two.  And since most people only spend about 40 years of their lives investing for retirement, not knowing about the “Secular Cycle” – much less where we are right now in the cycle – leads to guesswork, mistakes and losses, instead of the clear planning that will generate the best investment decisions and, ultimately, the biggest profits.

But in order to see where we are, we need to figure out where we’ve been.  To do that, let’s take a look at a very-long-term chart of the stock market in order to study the historic market trends. Then we’ll look at some other key factors – such as the value of the U.S dollar – to confirm our analysis. This is a process few investors take the time to work through.

Where are we right now?  Well, since about 2000, we’ve clearly entered a Secular Bear Market for general stocks.

All too often, investors read such a statement and conclude that its “game over” for portfolio profits. And that’s just not the case.

There’s an old market adage that says “there’s always a bull market somewhere.” That’s true even today, in the midst of the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression. Even if there’s a Secular Bear Market for stocks, it’s very likely that you’ll find a Secular Bull Market forcommodities. So all you really need to do is to focus your investing efforts on the hard-asset sectors.

The Makings of a Secular Commodity Cycle

The last commodity cycle ended around 1980.  Essentially, a prolonged period of high commodity prices encouraged producers to over-develop their resources.  Demand never fell off.  Instead, there was a massive oversupply, and the commodities party eventually ended.  Prices got pushed off a cliff, so the entire sector became lean in a hurry as profit margins imploded.

As you’ve probably guessed, exploration soon ground to a halt.  And little or no money was invested to expand production.  Over the next two decades, investors rejected hard assets.

Over time, known resource reserves were continuously plundered, and finally gave out about nine years ago. At about the same time, the Four Asian Tigers of Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore were already building a gargantuan appetite, and China’s big growth spurt was gaining momentum and growing in magnitude.

The situation has only gotten worse, with global commodities demand continuing to advance – even in the face of sapped inventories.

The Three Catalysts for Major Commodity Profits

We now know that a typical Secular Bull or Bear market will last 17-20 years.  We also now know that the last Secular Commodity Bull was launched roughly around 2000.  That allows us to conclude that we’ve easily got between eight and 11 years to go before supply catches up with the burgeoning global demand that we’re seeing right now.

Yet according to such renowned market experts as author and investing icon Jim Rogers, a number of “wild cards” are in place this time around, meaning this bull market in commodities may have a lot more room to run than its more-typical predecessors. Three factors in particular are extremely bullish for commodities investors:

• Global Infrastructure Spending: The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) last year estimated that worldwide investments in power-generation, water and transportation infrastructure projects would exceed $40 trillion by 2030 – and that was before countries around the world enactedhundreds of billions of dollars in stimulus-spending programs.

• Improving Worldwide Living Standards: About half the world’s 6.7 billion inhabitants are simultaneously pushing to improve their living standards, a fact that by itself stands to create a commodities demand shock never before seen – enough by itself, in fact, to extend the secular commodities bull by five additional years.

• Modernization Efforts in Major Markets: The modernization initiatives in China, India, Brazil, Eastern Europe and other portions of Asia are extremely bullish for commodities prices.

So if you’re looking for a place to stash your cash for the next 12-15 years, look no further: Commodities are the key profit play to make.

Two Arguments Against Low Current Prices

Unless you’re Rip Van Winkle, or had taken up residence in Biosphere 2, you know that the global financial markets suffered through a panic sell-off, and that we’re mired in one of the worst economic downturns in decades.

We also know that many investors sought refuge in U.S. Treasury securities. In order to buy Treasuries, investors throughout the world first bought U.S. dollars, driving up their value in relation to virtually every other major currency. That anomalous and unsustainable U.S. dollar spike hurt commodities, as they are all priced in terms of dollars.

The fear of a deep worldwide recession – or perhaps even a depression – served to temporarily frighten investors out of commodity plays, since the prevailing wisdom was that the global malaise would cause demand for natural resources to plunge. That, too, dampened commodity prices.

But investors who right now fear commodity plays are looking at this from the wrong vantage point: Instead of representing a dangerous point, the situation now at hand is nothing less than an extraordinary opportunity to either make their first foray into commodities, or to add to existing positions during periods of exceptional weakness.

What investors need to understand is that – in the last seven months or so – they have been witness to an impressively quick and coordinated adjustment on the part of commodity producers.  No time was wasted to pull the plug on unprofitable production, suspend near-term new production, or slash capital spending or investments in all forms of exploration.

Right now, most commodities producers are operating with little or no spare capacity. The fat’s been trimmed, and prices are down a third from this time last year.

It’s a situation that just can’t last – for two very simple reasons:

• First, world demand can’t be reversed on a dime. At least half the world continues to move forward with modernization initiatives. Massive infrastructure efforts continue unabated. And governments from both developed and developing nations are ensuring that this infrastructure-modernization train doesn’t get derailed.

• Second, central governments have recently put on a show of unprecedented fiscal cooperation, unveiling colossal bailout and spending plans. The United States ($787 billion) and China ($586 billion) alone have unveiled stimulus packages worth a combined $1.37 trillion. The addition of all that newly printed money means there are even more dollars chasing a still-fixed quantity of goods. And that can lead to only one outcome: A big increase in commodities prices.

We’ve become used to seeing prices increase. Price increases are merely a fact of life.  That’s why we see pay raises each year; we’re trying to compensate for the prices that are rising all around us.

But the magnitude of recent money-supply increases dwarfs the benign, garden-variety annual price increases of 3% to 6% that we’ve grown used to seeing. In the last year alone, the U.S. Federal Reserve has actually doubled the U.S. monetary base. That can only lead to serious inflation, perhaps even hyperinflation.  This will cause the value of the U.S. dollar – which has been eroding since 2001 – to decline at an even-more-frenetic pace. Over time, in turn, this erosion in the value of the dollar will lead to a big increase in the prices of many goods, particularly commodities imported from abroad.

That’s yet another reason why investors must consider resources of all kinds.

Profit Plays to Consider Now

With class now over, it’s time to put your newfound insights to work, searching out ways to earn the outsized profits that will be available from the Secular Bull Market in commodities.

If you want an automatically diversified approach, check out the various resource sector mutual funds available to you.  That can be a great starting point.  Make sure to look at each fund’s individual holdings, which will give you a feel for that fund’s focus, and that will also help you get more familiar with the individual companies and what they do.

If you prefer individual stocks, you have to get to know BHP Billiton Ltd. (NYSE ADR: BHP).  This $140 billion resources behemoth is the largest diversified mining company on earth.  With an enviable balance sheet and cash flow, this producer of base metals, precious metals, diamonds and energy is way ahead of the pack.  With a current P/E of 11.66, the stock isn’t bargain basement cheap, but it still represents a good value. Besides, this is a stock that you’ll want to hold all the way to the very end of the
Secular Cycle.

Exchange-traded funds (ETFs) and exchange-traded notes (ETNs), on the other hand, provide investors with a more-direct exposure to commodity prices, as opposed to exposure to the stocks of the commodity-producing companies.

The broadest exposure you can get is probably through the ELEMENTS Rogers International Commodity Index Total Return ETN (NYSE: RJI).  RJI, based on the index built by the investing-guru Rogers, himself, is comprised of 34.9% agriculture, 21.1% metals, and 44% energy.  Another viable option is the PowerShares DB Commodity Index Fund (NYSE: DBC).  While less diversified – with 22.5% agriculture, 22.5% metals, and 55% energy – it boasts large trading volume.

You can also get exposure through some of the ETFs that focus individually on agriculture, coal, nuclear power, and steel-related companies.  Van Eck’s Market Vectors’ suite of ETFs – such as its Market Vectors Agribusiness ETF (NYSE: MOO) – is a great place to start.

Finally, you’d be wise to get some gold exposure too.  Gold miners could be an excellent hedge against the enormous inflationary pressures thatMoney Morning has repeatedly warned investors to expect. In this case, the Market Vectors Gold Miners ETF (NYSE: GDX) – composed chiefly of major gold miners – offers both company and geographical diversification, while including substantial leverage to the price of gold.  GDX is based on the AMEX Gold BUGS Index (HUI), which represents a portfolio of 15 major gold mining companies that do not hedge their gold production beyond a year and a half.

The bottom line: As you go about rebalancing your portfolio – or continue rebuilding it as a result of the financial-crisis carnage – make sure to include room for a solid natural resources allocation.

In the next couple of years, as U.S. and overseas economies recover, commodities producers will pay the price for recent major cuts in production, development and exploration – discovering it will be very tough to boost output even as global demand soars.

Shrewd investors will reap the benefit of those decisions: Those shortages will persist, providing quite a tailwind for soaring prices.

Just make sure that your sails are fully deployed.

Source: The “Secret” Investing Strategy That’s Your Best Bet For Commodity Profits

Editor’s Note: If you’re new to the commodities-investing arena, and are uncertain about the landscape – or even if you’re an “old hand” at natural-resource stocks, but want some insights into the new profit plays and new players – consider hiring a guide: Money Morning Contributing Editor Peter Krauth , a recognized expert in metals, mining and energy stocks, is also the editor of the Global Resource Alert trading service, which ferrets out companies poised to profit from the so-called “Secular Bull Market” in commodities. A former portfolio advisor, Krauth continues to work out of resource-rich Canada, which keeps him close to most of the companies he researches. Against the growing global financial malaise, Krauth says that commodities are among the most-profitable and least-risky investments available, and notes that this may well be the most powerful bull market for commodities we’ll see in our lifetimes. He makes a strong case. To read more about his strategies, and the sector plays he likes the most, please click here. ]]> http://www.contrarianprofits.com/articles/the-%e2%80%9csecret%e2%80%9d-investing-strategy-that%e2%80%99s-your-best-bet-for-commodity-profits/18915/feed 0 http://www.contrarianprofits.com/articles/does-the-price-of-gold-rise-or-fall-in-a-deflation/18431 http://www.contrarianprofits.com/articles/does-the-price-of-gold-rise-or-fall-in-a-deflation/18431#comments Fri, 26 Jun 2009 19:42:29 +0000 Adrian Ash http://www.contrarianprofits.com/?p=18431 Deflation and the price of Gold. Give yourself an extra point for spotting the trick question. It’s already tripping up plenty of would-be answers. Because gold must fall during deflation, since it rose so much during the inflation of the 1970s – right?
“Gold Prices, in real inflation-adjusted terms, unsurprisingly tended to increase during inflationary times,” nods one commentator, writing in London but posted at the strong>Business Times in Singapore. “Its purchasing power tended to sag during depressions and deflation.”

The source for this claim? Besides syllogism (”The ’70s gave us inflation and a gold bull market; ergo, the opposite must be bad for gold…”) it was apparently Roy Jastram’s The Golden Constant, that dry, dusty study of gold’s enduring stability across the…

The Dow fell another 107 points yesterday. Oil held steady at $70. The dollar fell to $1.38. And gold rose $4 to 932.

What if the rally is over? Could be… It began on 9 March. That makes it more than 3 months old. Most likely, it will continue through the summer. But who knows?

The important thing to remember is this: there can be no major, sustained bull market without one of two things happening.

Either… the mistakes of the Bubble Epoque must be cleared away… allowing for a new era of genuine growth and real prosperity. At best, this would take a few years to achieve. Just imagine how long it will take to restructure GM into a profit-making business again. Just imagine how long it will take consumers to pay down their debts so they can begin to spend again. Just imagine how long it will take to save enough money to build new factories… and convert shopping malls to warehouses and apartment complexes…

And just imagine how long it will take with the feds fighting it tooth and nail. At least a decade!

Or… people must be willing to go even further into debt… thus increasing the errors of the debt-soaked boom. Anything is possible. But here at the Daily Reckoning we think the economy is already saturated with debt. It can’t absorb more. Besides, the financial industry is no longer capable of pushing debt on the public. That machine is broken. The bubble in finance exploded when Lehman Bros. went down. Once a bubble blows up, it can’t be reflated.

And so far, the feds’ efforts to reflate the bubble in consumer finance have caused a return of speculation in oil, commodities, and emerging markets. There is no sign of consumer price inflation or expanding consumer credit. Instead, consumer credit is contracting.

So don’t expect a real bull market.

Instead, let’s move on… this just in…

The Financial Times reports that a vending machine company is soon to install machines in Germany where you’ll be able to buy gold as easily as buying a chocolate bar. There’s one machine already in the Frankfurt Airport, where for 30 euros you can buy a 1-gram wafer of gold.

Already, in Switzerland, you can buy gold in the Post Office.

What do these yodelers and sausage eaters know that we don’t? Germany was required to pay reparations after WWI. The amount was about $1.121 trillion in today’s money. In gold. She had no choice. She had to turn over her real money – gold – to the victorious French and English. Thus, she had no real money left in the domestic economy. What could she do? Germany printed up marks… not backed by gold and experienced hyper-inflation, up close, in the ‘20s.

Coming not long after the debacle of WWI and the Treaty of Versailles, it not only destroyed the economy… it also wiped out savers and destroyed Germans’ residual faith in their own sausages. Soon after, there were armed gangs of communists and national socialists fighting for control of the streets. And we all know how that turned out…

So, back to the USA… The US has entered the third and final stage in the life and death of a great country.

America’s history can be divided into three broad stages. The first stage was industrialization. This is what took the US from a marginal nation of settlers, explorers, farmers, entrepreneurs and religious refugees to become the world’s richest and most powerful country. The source of its wealth and power was its factories… and its people. The factories were the best in the world. And the people how labored in them were accustomed to hard work, saving, and self-discipline. There were no free lunches in America during this period. The fastest growing cities of the time were manufacturing centers – Chicago, Gary, Detroit, Pittsburg, and Birmingham.

Thanks to its smokestacks and assembly lines, the US could make things better, cheaper and faster than any other country, with the possible exception of Germany before WWI and Japan after WWII. That is how the US became the world’s largest creditor – by selling US-made goods to foreigners. And it’s how the US won WWI and WWII too. American factories could turn out more tanks, more planes, more guns and more butter than any other nation. And the US had an abundant source of fuel too; “Texas Tea” they called it.

After WWII America enjoyed its glory days. It was on top of the world… in practically every sense. The US was #1.

Nothing fails like success. The New Deal had fundamentally changed Americans’ relationship to the state. Federal meddlers began playing a larger and larger role in the economic life of the country. Soon, American attitudes evolved to fit the circumstances. With the world’s reserve currency… a huge lead over its competitors… and a government that promised to take care of its wants and needs, the US workforce relaxed. Gradually, it shifted from making things to buying them… while industry turned its focus from production to sales… and then, financing. Then, the US entered the second stage: financialisation.

In this second stage, the center of gravity shifted from the wealth-producing factories to the financial centers – mainly Manhattan. Prices of real estate in New York soared. Wall Street came to be seen not merely as a place to invest the proceeds of honest toil… but a way to create wealth. The most ambitious college graduates turned from engineering and manufacturing first to sales and marketing and later to finance; because that’s where the money was. At the peak, in the Bubble Epoch, 2003-2007, Wall Street was drawing in the world’s leading scholars in mathematics and statistics… These people were the biggest debt bombs in history… exotic, complicated financial concoctions… that eventually blew up in their faces.

Detroit went into a decline as early as the late ‘60s… GM continued to make cars, but it looked to financing as a way of making money. GMAC became the major source of GM’s profits. Still mills along the Monongahela River began to rust in the ‘70s. Ships began to come to the US laden with goods in the ‘80s and ‘90s… and to go back empty. The US Fed tried to stimulate the US economy on several occasions, but it had a strange effect. It put more credit in the hands of US consumers – who used the money to buy goods from overseas. In effect, the US Fed was stimulating manufacturing in China!

But in 2007-2008 the bubble in consumer debt blew up. GM went broke in May of ’09. The financialization stage ended. In its place comes a new stage: politicization, the third and fatal phase of a great nation.

Where is the money now? It took the train from Grand Central Station in Manhattan down to Union Station in Washington, DC. Want money? Ask Washington. It’s pledged an amount equal to 3 times what it spent in WWII to the fight against deflation.

Where is the power now? Just ask Chrysler bondholders; in the end it didn’t matter what their contracts said… when the US government turned against them, their goose was cooked. The Obama Administration, owner of GM, now sets top salaries and determines what kind of cars the company will make. Washington also determines which businesses will be kept alive – AIG – and which will die – Lehman Bros. Now it’s the politicians, not Wall Street, nor investors, who decide the allocation of big capital…

And when ambitious young people buy a ticket to begin their careers, are they going to Milwaukee… to Manhattan… or to the lobbyists’ mecca in Northern Virginia?

Reuters reports: “U.S. college grads shun Wall Street for Washington

WASHINGTON, June 11 (Reuters) – Wall Street may be losing its luster for new U.S. college graduates who are increasingly looking to the government for jobs that enrich their social conscience, if not their wallet.

In the boom years, New York’s financial center lured many of the brightest young stars with the promise of high salaries and bonuses. But the financial crisis has tainted the image of big banks, and with fewer financial jobs available, Uncle Sam may be reaping the benefit.

“Some grads might have seen two of their older siblings go through the dot-com crash and the emptiness of that, and now the Wall Street crash, just chasing after the big bucks,” said John Challenger, chief executive of job placement company Challenger, Gray & Christmas.

“… A report from the National Association of Colleges and Employers projected a 21.6 percent decrease in new hires among college graduates. Almost every sector was hit, with banking taking the biggest blow, dropping 70.9 percent.

“Students don’t see the private sector as being as viable this year,” said Edwin Koc, director of strategic and foundation research for the Pennsylvania-based NACE.

Of the the roughly 1.6 million students who recently graduated from college, only 19.7 percent had secured jobs upon graduation in May, according to NACE’s 2009 student survey.

But Labour Department data shows employment in the Washington area has increased since early 2008, even as other regions have lost jobs.

“D.C. is the only place where we can point to that is actually adding jobs right now, and we also know that the government is hiring thousands of people to oversee both the (economic) stimulus package and all the associated projects,” said Marisa Di Natale, Senior Economist for Moody’s Economy.com.”

How does the politicization stage end? We don’t know… but we bet it won’t be pretty.

Source: Nothing Fails Like Success