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Cashing in on Commodities: Life’s Little Luxuries are Costing More than Ever Before

Jennifer Yousfi — Tue, 03 Jun 2008 12:44:56 +0000

This is the fifth installment of a new Money Morning series highlighting investment opportunities in the global bull market in commodities. Soaring prices of grains, dairy and meat have been grabbing global headlines. But other commodities have been on the rise as well.

I’m not talking about the increases in daily staples that make the front page, but those little extras that make daily life just a little bit sweeter – coffee, cocoa and sugar.

We might not need them, but we definitely want them. And inflation is putting upward pressure on the price of these soft commodities just as it is on oil and grains such as wheat and rice.

Coffee is Big Business

It doesn’t take an investment expert to realize Americans love their coffee. It’s no longer a drink just to wake you up in the morning. Starbucks Corp. (SBUX) helped create a cultural coffee phenomenon, introducing consumers to espresso drinks. Now it seems like every city street corner has its own gourmet coffee shop selling specialty coffee beverages, often for upwards of $4 a cup.

But it’s not just the extra foam on top that is making that cup of coffee cost more. The price of coffee beans has more than doubled in the past few years.

According to U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) data, the New York spot price for Brazil’s Arabica coffee is up 20% over last year’s annual average of 110.72 cents per pound. Just five years ago in 2003, the annual average was only 50.82 cents per pound.

The USDA said in its recent Tropical Products: World Markets and Trade report that U.S. imports of coffee and coffee products increased 14% in 2007 to $3.8 billion. Meanwhile, exports were at a record $513 million, but that’s still a huge trade imbalance.

But there’s hope for those who are looking for a cheap cup of joe before year-end. Brazil’s 2008 coffee crop is just starting to be harvested and is already forecast to be one of the best ever, producing almost 50 million bags of coffee.

“With Brazil’s larger production this year, world coffee output is expected to reach 133.25 million bags while consumption is seen at 126.0 million. If these figures are realized, it will result in an 8.25 million-bag surplus for the 2008 crop year,” wrote James Cordier & Michael Gross, Optionetics.com. “This is not a record surplus, but it should be enough to knock prices down into a new trading range for the second half of the year.”

If coffee prices head lower this year, then the buyers of the raw beans are going to be the ones to benefit. You might want to consider:

Green Mountain Coffee Roasters Inc. (GMCR): The bulk of U.S. coffee exports are of the roasted variety and this company is getting its share of that export action. It recently announced expected sales growth of 42% to 47% for its fiscal third quarter and reaffirmed its positive outlook for the full-year. Year-to-date, shares are up just a little over 1%, but are up 35% over the past five years. Green Mountain also owns the popular Keurig single-cup brewing system and sells many varieties of coffee to fit it.

Starbucks Corp. (SBUX) and McDonald’s Corp. (MCD): Starbucks will likely benefit from any dip in coffee prices. Meanwhile, McDonald’s has been aggressively entering the specialty coffee arena and is set to give Starbucks a run for its money when it comes to lattes and espressos served on the go.

The Cost of Cocoa

You may have noticed that your candy fix, much like your caffeine fix, has cost you more lately. On average, the cost of high-quality chocolate, which has a higher cocoa content, has increased over 6% in the last year, according to Nielsen data.

That’s because the cost of cocoa has more than doubled since the beginning of 2007. It can be shipped in powder, paste or liquid form and commands $2,600 per metric ton on New York’s Intercontinental Exchange, up from $1,700 at the start of 2007.

And while cocoa is certainly subject to the same conditions that can affect other crops such as poor weather conditions, the huge increase in price, at least for this commodity, doesn’t seem to be a simple function of supply and demand.

For the year ending in September, the International Cocoa Organization only expects a 51,000-metric-ton shortfall, which can be made up with existing stock, The Wall Street Journal reported.

“The fundamentals do not justify this price, and I haven’t heard of any other explanation other than [investment] funds,” said Hagen Streichert, a German government official and the spokesman for cocoa-buying countries on the International Cocoa Council.

Many analysts and management from some of the leading global chocolate manufacturing firms including Cadbury PLC (ADR: CBY) and the Swiss firm Chocoladefabriken Lindt & Spruengli AG are pointing the finger at hedge fund investments. Volatile equity markets and tight global credit markets have led funds to seek out alternative investments in commodities.

“In my lifetime, it’s an entirely new phenomenon,” Stephanie Garner, a cocoa trader for Sucden, a broker owned by Sucres & Denrees SA, on the London International Financial Futures and Options Exchange told The Journal, speaking of the sudden increase in cocoa futures contracts. “It’s to a large extent a fallout of the credit crunch.”

It’s hard for the average investor to find a pure cocoa play. There are some exchange-traded funds that focus on the price movements of cocoa, but they trade in London and aren’t open to most U.S. investors. However, Africa produces most of the world’s cocoa supply, so an ETF focused on that region could be a good choice:

SPDR S&P Emerging Middle East & Africa ETF (GAF): This ETF seeks to replicate the movement of an equity index based on the Middle East and African equity markets. The fund uses a passive management strategy to track the total return of the S&P/Citigroup BMI Middle East & Africa index.

It Is the Season of the Bear

Andrew Gordon — Tue, 27 May 2008 13:38:19 +0000

Did you notice the government’s latest figures on gas and food prices? If you didn’t know what was going on, it could have given you a “what the heck” moment.

The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) gave us some crazy numbers to chew on last week. For example, it said that gasoline prices decreased 4.6 percent.

It also said that the price for vegetables dropped 4.1 percent. Beef, veal, and coffee also cost less in April, according to the BLS.

It’s impossible to believe its numbers – that overall energy dropped 0.2 percent and food prices remained the same.

We all know that this can’t be true. The funny thing is, even the BLS admits it. There it is, in black and white, in its monthly Producer Price Index (PPI) report: the index for finished consumer foods climbed 5.2 percent … the energy goods index advanced 17.5 percent … and gasoline prices rose 3.2 percent.

The total increase for the core PPI (excluding food and energy) came to 3.0 percent.

But 3.0 percent was not the number you saw in the headlines last week. The number you saw was 0.4 percent. And the market was still taken aback. It was only expecting 0.2 percent – as in the previous month.

What’s going on here is seasonality. The government builds it into its employment and inflation numbers not to confuse us (though that is arguably the result), but to smooth out the numbers.

Let’s revisit gasoline prices. Why did the BLS say it decreased 4.6 percent when it really rose 3.2 percent?

Because last April and the April before that (the BLS actually goes back five years to compare prices), it rose even faster. In other words, this is the season (as we approach the heavy driving months of summer) when gasoline prices rise rapidly – every year.

Annualizing the 3.2 percent rise in April would give us an almost 40 percent rise for the year, but that’s overestimating what happens. Into the summer, prices usually fall back. There are other months earlier and later in the year when prices fall back. So the annual price increase ends up being much less than 40 percent.

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Seasonality can lower “adjusted” price increases. But it can also raise them. For example, what happens if the price of gasoline doesn’t fall beginning in June – as it has done in prior years. If the price of gas just stays the same and doesn’t go up at all, the BLS will be reporting a hefty rise on the “adjusted” price of gas in June.

And if the real price of gas goes up? Then the seasonally-adjusted price could very well cause a panic over energy prices which will make last week’s outcry seem like a whimper.

And what goes for the PPI index also goes for the CPI index. The CPI index beat expectations for the month of April, but only because of adjustments made to the numbers based on seasonality. May’s numbers should also be held down by seasonality. But when June’s numbers are reported (that would occur in July), then all hell could break loose.

Seasonality also was a huge factor in making April’s unemployment numbers look good because a lot of new jobs are usually created in the spring. So the Labor Department added tens of thousands of “new” jobs into its final job count.

One of the sectors where it had new jobs expanding? The financial sector. With all the layoffs by the big banks, do you really think this is a sector seeing strong new job growth?

Without the Labor Department adding these presumed new jobs into its bottom line, instead of reporting “only” 20,000 jobs lost for April, the figure would have been well above 100,000, and you wouldn’t be hearing the pundits remark on how well the job market has been holding up.

The truth is, employment isn’t holding up well. And prices aren’t being held down too well. Mark my words. These employment figures will also be revised upwards. It seems the Labor Department conveniently forgot that we’re on the verge of a recession (actually, I believe we’re already in one).

What seasonality giveth, it will taketh away … come June. These very important inflation and job numbers will not merely slip. They could very well drop drastically. Wall Street won’t like that. If crude prices remain well above $100 by then (as I think they will), it will be damning evidence that the Fed couldn’t, after all, finesse its way out of the twin threats of no growth and rising inflation.

This is my contrarian take. While most economists and brokerages have been predicting a 2nd-half comeback for the economy, I believe it’s going to begin a major leg down. Depression/recession, crisis, runaway inflation, a new bear market, and Fed impotence will be Wall Street’s new battle cries. It won’t be pretty.

Good Trading,

Andrew Gordon

P.S. To let me know what you thought of today’s article, send an e-mail to: feedback@investorsdailyedge.com.

Source: It Is the Season of the Bear

Myth Buster

Jim Rogers — Wed, 07 May 2008 20:34:37 +0000

Today’s Whiskey is a special excerpt from legendary financial mind Jim Rogers’ book, Hot Commodities. In this essay, Jim explains away some of the myths many people associate with commodity markets.

Recently, at a party in New York, I mentioned that I had been talking to various groups in the United States and Europe about investment opportunities in the commodities market. Before I could get out one more word, a woman interrupted me. “Commodities!” she exclaimed, with the kind of incredulity in her voice that Manhattanites reserve for people moving to Los Angeles. “But my brother invested in pork bellies and lost his shirt. And he’s an economist!”

Everyone seems to have a relative who took a beating in the commodities market, and this fact (or fiction) is considered sufficient reason that no sane person would ever risk playing around with such dangerous things. That this particular victim was also a professional economist makes the warning seem even more ominous. I, however, couldn’t help laughing.

Billions of dollars are invested in the commodities market every day. Without the commodity futures markets, many of the things that you depend on in life, from that first cup of coffee in the morning to the aluminum in your storm door to the wool in your new suit, would be either scarce or nonexistent, and certainly more expensive.

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There are several other bromides out there for why “ordinary people” should not invest in commodities, and I want to lay these myths to rest, once and for all, so that we can get on with the more interesting business of how you can begin to make some money investing in the next-generation asset class.

About That Relative of Yours Who Got Wiped Out — He was inexperienced. You can learn. Most likely, he was buying on thin margin — the minimum deposit a broker requires to take a position in a particular commodity — and when the market went against him he lost big-time.

Here’s how it happens: Like stocks, commodities can be bought on margin. Unlike stocks, however, where by law you have to put up at least 50 percent of the price of the shares, the margins on commodities can be even lower than 5 percent: You can buy $100 worth of soybeans for $5. If soybeans go up to $105, you’ve doubled your money. Beautiful. But if soybeans go down $5, you’re wiped out. Not so beautiful.

Experienced, smart speculators can make tons of money buying on margin. They also know that they can lose tons, too. But they can usually afford it. Your relative was in over his head. If he had bought $100 worth of soybeans in the same way that he can buy IBM — for $100 (or maybe even $50) — he would be happy when it goes up $5 and a lot less sad should it go down $5.

Whenever I mention commodities in public, someone always points out that we now live in a high-tech world where natural resources will never be as valuable as they were when we had a smokestack economy. But if you read your history you’ll discover that technological advances are as old as history itself: The introduction of the sleek and beautiful Yankee clipper ship dazzled the world in the mid-nineteenth century, loaded with cargo, sailing down the trade winds at 20 knots and more, averaging more than 400 miles in 24 hours and able to make it from U.S. ports around Cape Horn to Hong Kong in 80 days; within a decade, the clippers had been replaced by the steamship, no faster but not dependent on wind power; and before long the next big thing in transport had taken over, the railroad, which, of course, was the original Internet — and prices in the commodities market still went up.

In the twentieth century came electricity, the telephone, and radio (three more Internets) and then television (a fourth Internet). There was also the automobile, the airplane, the semiconductor — and in the midst of all of these truly revolutionary technological breakthroughs came periodic, multiyear commodity bull markets.

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When the supply and demand in raw materials is seriously out of whack, the emergence of new technology will not necessarily restore the balance quickly. To be sure, changes in technology, for example, have made the economy less dependent on oil. But we still use plenty of it, and whenever there isn’t enough prices will rise. Computers or robots may do amazing things, but they cannot find oil or copper where there is none or make sugar, cotton, coffee, or livestock grow faster than nature allows. We can put in orders all day long on our computers for lead, but all that Internet technology will be in vain if there are no new lead mines. Technology can neither feed us nor keep us warm, and the demand for commodities will never disappear.

“But My Stock Broker Tells Me That Investing in Commodities Is Risky.”

Tell me again about all those Cisco shares you owned back in 2000. Or JDS Uniphase, or Global Crossing? So many risky stocks made the turning of the new millennium a not so happy time for many, who watched their portfolios evaporate.

If you do your homework and remain rational and responsible, you can invest in commodities with perhaps less risk than playing the stock market. You don’t need me to emphasize that investing in anything is a risky business. But let me point out something that you might not have realized: There has been more volatility in the NASDAQ in recent years than in any commodities index. Cisco, Yahoo! and even Microsoft have been much more volatile than soybeans, sugar, or metals. Compared with the risk record of most tech stocks, commodities look safe enough to be part of any organization’s “widows and orphans fund.”

And let me remind you of one more important difference between commodities and stocks: Commodities cannot go to zero, while shares in Enron can (and did).

Regards,
Jim Rogers