Now trading at $90,560, Berkshire Hathaway class A shares (NYSE: BRK.A) have plunged 60% from their 2007 peak of $149,000. According to Barron’s:

In the past decade, the stock has traded for an average of 1.6 to 1.7 times book value, a measure of shareholder equity per share. The current price-to-book ratio is near the low reached in early 2000, when Berkshire’s stock bottomed at about $40,000.

The turmoil in the financial markets has seriously dented confidence in Berkshire. And some would say with good reason. In March, Berkshire made a loss of about $5 billion on long-term put options on equity indexes – just as share prices were beginning to take off again. And the company has also suffered losses on stakes in  ConocoPhillips and American Express.

But as we’ve been at pains to stress here at Notes, the markets are topsy-turvy right now. And the recent rally has favored what Mr Market has seen as “offensive” stocks (read junk stocks: low quality, debt laden and consumer sensitive) over so-called “defensive” stocks such as Berkshire – those with strong cash positions and low debt levels.

Berkshire class A shares could top $110,000 in the next year, according to Barron’s. This would put them at roughly 1.4 times Barron’s estimate of book value in 12 months time: $80,000 a share. Even better values are Berkshire’s class B shares (NYSE: BRK.B):

Berkshire’s class B shares (BRK-B), worth 1/30th of the A shares, fetch about $2,750 each. The B shares look like a better buy than the A shares, because they sell at a 3% discount to their theoretical value. But the discount has persisted for some time, and could continue, as the B shares can’t be converted into A shares.

Rahm Emanuel is right about one thing: this crisis is an opportunity. Buying Berkshire shares now could be one of the best value plays in a generation.

Martin Denholm of the Smart Profits Report shows us where to find the profits in the wreckage.

This from Martin:

Hey… wake up, Larry. The coffee is ready.

If you were as amazed as I was at the sight of President Obama’s chief economic advisor, Larry Summers, snoozing through Obama’s Fiscal Responsibility Summit on Monday (on the podium, no less), hopefully these numbers will shake him out of his slumber…

The latest S&P/Case-Shiller index shows that home prices in 20 U.S. cities plummeted by 18.5% in December, compared with December 2007. On the back of an 18.2% slide in November, it was the fastest decline on record and extends a decline that began in 2005. The 10-city index fared even worse, sinking by an annual 19.2%.

From its high in 2006, the 20-city index has tanked by 27%, with Phoenix, Las Vegas, and San Francisco leading the way down during December. On a national scale, the Case-Shiller index showed an 18.2% drop compared with Q4 2007.

Let’s take a look at the real estate market and see how investors could play this news…

Homebuyers Should Have Adopted The PAYGO Plan

The housing numbers came just a day after Obama proposed a PAYGO approach to government spending at the Fiscal Responsibility Summit. Simply put, it’s based on the “You don’t spend what you don’t have” concept, making cuts to fund spending plans.

Forcing the government to balance its books and pay more attention to the national debt sounds great in theory. It’s an approach that helped turn America’s federal deficit into a surplus over the 1990s and the early part of the 2000s.

But of course, the country wasn’t mired in two prolonged military conflicts, nor did it face the worst economic climate in a generation – issues that don’t discriminate when it comes to book-balancing efforts or debt levels.

And at the current rate the government is going, it’s going to have to find a lot of extra pennies buried in the couch – or make some significant cuts – because Obama is clearly determined to spend his way back into prosperity.

There’s No Place Like Home For $275 Billion

With housing however, this fiscally responsible PAYGO approach would have worked wonders for many homebuyers who now find themselves clutching for the last bit of rope. Record foreclosures (up 83% to 2.3 million in 2008, according to RealtyTrac) and slumping property prices (down a record 8.2% in 2008, according to the Federal Housing Finance Board) have eaten into Americans’ wealth and eroded consumer spending, which makes up about two-thirds of the economy.

To combat it, Obama wants to pump $275 billion into the real estate market in order to flatten out its freefall. And as I wrote last week, $75 billion of that housing aid package will go towards allowing homeowners to refinance and lower their monthly mortgage payments in a bid to slow the foreclosure rate.

Whether these efforts will work… time will tell. But check out this interesting nugget from Minyanville:

“While pundits and politicians debate the various aspects of President Obama’s $275 billion housing bailout, one piece of data proves just how misguided federal efforts to revitalize the housing market are: $275 billion could buy more than half of all American homes already in foreclosure.

“Such an undertaking would remove distressed homes from the market and spur community revitalization efforts throughout areas desperately in need of the hope they were promised in November.”

The housing recovery isn’t going to happen anytime soon. With the foreclosure rate still rising (up 18% in January), it’s still squashing prices. And with home demand very weak, there’s a big supply of excess homes on the market.

And that’s crippling this industry…

Trouble For Toll

“The past five months have been among the most difficult in U.S. economic history.”

And the award for “Most Obvious Statement” goes to…

Robert Toll, CEO of fallen homebuilder giant Toll Brothers (NYSE: TOL).

Toll was speaking on the back of a 51% plunge in his company’s first quarter revenues – a trend symptomatic among the nation’s homebuilders.

Prospective buyers aren’t buying, amid job security fears. And sellers can’t sell their homes, due to the depressed economy and market. And with the glut of unsold homes on the market and prices falling, homebuilders have no reason (and no money) to build any more. Toll says new home construction is at its lowest level in 50 years.

And profits are tanking. Analysts project a $0.30 per share first quarter loss for the company – but Toll is so concerned about the economy and uncertain about the market that it hasn’t even bothered to issue any guidance itself.

Others aren’t hanging around to participate in the carnage any more…

Insiders Are Bailing On This Builder

Recent SEC filings show that Dwight Schar, founder of NVR Inc. (NYSE: NVR) recently cashed in his housing chips, dumping 339,059 shares worth $139 million.

Smart move. He sold at an average price of $409.90 each. The stock’s current price is around $348.

He’s not the only one either. Four other company directors and the CEO have also been busily selling their holdings this month.

One razor sharp analyst called this spate of so-called “cluster selling” (which occurs during particularly weak periods) “a pretty bad signal” for investors (okay, so I’m giving that “Most Obvious Statement” award to him now).

Profit From The Housing Pain

With the National Association of Realtors announcing this morning that existing U.S. home sales defied projections for a rise and dropped by an annual 5.3% in January from December – the lowest since July 1997 – homebuilder stocks are getting knocked around again.

The median home price: Down 14.8% to $170,300 in January – the lowest price since March 2003. And 9.6 months worth of unsold housing inventory.

Whether this marks anything approaching a bottom or not remains to be seen. But in any event, homebuilders that have struggled to turn a profit over the past few years are now closer to going bust instead.

To combat the slide, homebuilders have dumped as much land as they can and trying to load up on cash instead. But in this market, that’s obviously coming at a loss. And when the assets run out… what then in a still-depressed market? Not to mention the debt that many companies have accumulated, due to excess leveraging during the boom times.

On a broad scale, you could take a look at playing the downside of sector ETFs like the SPDR S&P Homebuilders (NYSE: XHB) – already down 55% over the past year.

But if you want to look for downside in individual stocks, focus on ones whose debt-to-equity level is high and/or who are running low on cash. And when insiders are selling, that’s usually a good indication that you should do the same.

Source: How To Send Your Profits Up As America’s Homebuilders Go Down

But now the idea that the good times are over is going mainstream: not only is the “nice” decade – Non Inflationary Consistently Expansionary – ending, but the “nasty” one could well be starting, says analyst Tim Bond of Barclays Capital.

But what does that really mean? And how will Britain be dragged down into another recession?

Over to the strategy team at Legal and General. They’ve charted a ‘heat map’ of factors that could push us over the cliff edge. And it’s enough to get anyone steamed up…

…Legal and General’s SatNav is now on red alert. According the them there’s now a 95% chance that Britain is heading for recession!

While you’ll find plenty of commentators who will happily chat in gloomy terms about all sorts of possible problems, and then make a comparison with some point in history, Legal & General has taken the analysis a stage further.

Having totted up all the potential perils facing UK plc, the L&G team then rated each risk on a scale between ‘Good’ to ‘Danger’. Everything in the latter category, you won’t be surprised to hear, is coloured bright red on the heat map.

Why the likelihood of a recession is so high

So after examining sky-high personal debt levels, soaring oil prices, crimped bank lending and tension in the money markets, as well as a few other areas of possible pain, the strategists reckon that the odds of Britain suffering a recession are now about 95%. And what raises the stakes so high is the likelihood that everything will go wrong at exactly the same time. Which also makes it a racing certainty that the recession will prove to be just as bad as both the early 1990s and early 1980s.

How long will it last? The official description of recession by economists is “two quarters of negative growth” (only economists could actually talk about minus numbers as negative growth).

The Legal eagles have been pretty downbeat for some while, but until now have been telling us to expect perhaps two years of the economy going nowhere.

But recently the L&G ‘recession model’ has taken a real turn for the worse, and is now warning of a long decline in economic activity, by as much as 2% year-on-year. That may not sound huge, but if it happens, life could get very unpleasant and we’ll all feel the squeeze.

Cheap Asian imports are getting more expensive

Already there’s lots of talk about the dangers of Asian inflation and what this means for us here in the UK. Instead of picking up all those nice cheap Far East-made goods on our credit cards, we’ll soon find that the prices have gone up quite a lot (see this week’s Moneyweek for more on this).

But in future, the Legal analysts suggest that little luxuries will soon be off the menu anyway. If we do have a little leeway before hitting our credit limits, we could soon need it, plus any spare cash we can lay our hands on, just to pay the petrol bill to get to the supermarket.

Spending in the shops will suffer, profits in consumer businesses will slump and jobs will get cut. Meanwhile, the housing market will get much worse as mortgage problems mount. The Council of Mortgage Lenders now sees house prices dropping 7% this year, with transactions down by over a third on last year.

And banks will become less and less willing to lend money to all those people who’ll need it more and more. Don’t believe we can’t have a recession at this level of interest rates. If the banks close the loan shutters, we can.

Why the Bank of England is a lot gloomier than the Government

It seems the Bank of England is finally catching on, too. Today’s FT reports that the Threadneedle Street thinkers are now a lot more gloomy than official Government forecasts. Indeed, the Bank now believes that “a long period of weakness” is needed to bring inflation under the thumb, as I talk about below.

What’s more, the Government, i.e. taxpayers like you and me, won’t be able to do much about helping out, now that Gordon Brown has broken his Golden Rule by reeling in Northern Wreck.

UK public debts have now smashed through the government’s official ceiling of 40%, preliminary figures suggest, reaching 43.1% of gross domestic product (GDP) in March. And although Chancellor Alistair Darling has said that any impact on the public finances by nationalising Northern Rock would be “temporary and exceptional”, just remember Milton Friedman’s comment that “there’s nothing so permanent as a temporary government programme.”

Historically, governments have been able to use our cash to boost the economy. But Howard Archer, chief UK economist at Global Insight, said the government’s aim to keep borrowing down to £43 billion in the current financial year is “wishful thinking” should the economy slow sharply.

And because of inflation, the Bank of England won’t be able to help either. The hands of the rate setters on the Bank’s Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) are well and truly tied by the CPI (consumer price index) hitting 3% and looking like it’s going some way higher, rather than lower.

In short, there should be no more interest rate cuts on the MPC’s agenda for the moment. Not that they were doing much good anyway. What matters most to the majority of homeowners is the level of mortgage rates. These are priced off so-called swap rates, in turn based on LIBOR – the interbank rate at which lenders lend to each other. Libor rates have stayed stubbornly high, the best part of 1% above base rates, despite the MPC’s earlier antics.

This may all sound like a technicality, but it isn’t. What it’s saying is that there’s still a lot of nervousness left in the banking system. Mortgage variable rates won’t fall until the markets regain confidence in the Bank’s bank rate.

So the picture’s looking bleak on all fronts. Recession looms, consumer prices soar, public debt climbs. Not nice at all.

Source: Why There’s a 95% Chance of a Recession