The trip was sponsored by the American Petroleum Institute (API), which paid for the airfare and accommodations. Managers at both Syncrude and ConocoPhillips granted me access to any parts of their operations I wanted to see (within allowances for safety). And everyone answered any and all questions I asked.

Post-trip, I have complete editorial freedom to write about what I saw and learned. And I learned a lot. So this is Part I of a two-part series. Watch for Part II.

The Past and Future of Oil and Oil Sands

The first thing that struck me about visiting the oil sands of Alberta was how much geological and social similarity there is to the oil patch of Pennsylvania.

Geologic similarity? Yes, because the reason that the hydrocarbons are so near the surface in both areas — Pennsylvania and Alberta — is that the Pleistocene glaciers scraped off much of the overlying rock. When the glaciers retreated about 10,000 years ago, they left hydrocarbon-bearing rock formations exposed near the surface, or buried not too deep. This led to oil seeps, which led to people being curious about the black, gooey stuff.

To be sure, the hydrocarbon resource is quite different between the two places. That is, in Pennsylvania, you have light, sweet crude oil that flows easily and is soft and smooth to the touch. Indeed, Pennsylvania crude feels like hand lotion. (It’s the origin of Vaseline, for example. And some people use it as the basis for a shampoo.)

While in Alberta, the “bitumen” from the oil sands is as thick as cold molasses, and very sticky. It’s got some sulfur in it as well.

On a warm day in August, oil sands have the consistency of really stiff, dry oatmeal. Bitumen is a far cry from hand lotion.

And as for social similarities? Well, the Indians of old used to skim the oil from streams near Titusville, Pa. So did people of the “First Nations” of Alberta, who used to recover the tarry bitumen from the rocks along the Athabaska River of northern Alberta. Thus both oil and oil sands have been around for a long, long time.

Early white explorers in both Pennsylvania and Alberta noted the oil seeps. They wrote in journals and logs that eventually somebody could do something with the substance.

Eventually, both Pennsylvania and Alberta had their oil booms. In fact, we’re soon coming up on the 150th anniversary of Col. Drake’s oil discovery at Titusville, Pa, on Aug. 27, 1859. Pennsylvania’s oil boom is colorful history at this point (although Marcellus Shale development will soon change that).

Whereas Alberta is still in the midst of its oil sands boom. It’s a boom that’s going to last for quite some time, I believe.

“Easy” Oil Versus Heavy Oil and Bitumen

There’s a reason Col. Drake started an oil boom in Pennsylvania more than a century before Alberta enjoyed the same thing. Col. Drake found some of that so-called “easy” oil. No, it’s not easy to find. It’s that Col. Drake’s oil flows easily from a well.

That is, for all the oil that mankind has pumped out of the ground in the past 15 decades, almost all of it has been the light, sweet stuff that flows easily. Generally, when people looked for oil they bypassed the heavy oil and bitumen. Until lately, of course.

When we think about the concept of “Peak Oil” today, we need to keep in mind what we’re talking about. The curves show oil output peaking in so many parts of the world. This phenomenon is quite real, as long as you understand that it’s the “old fashioned” kind of oil deposit that Col. Drake was drilling. The light, sweet, easy-flowing oil is getting harder and harder to find, certainly in significant quantity.

But there are a lot of other hydrocarbon molecules out there. Most of those molecules are not light, sweet crude oil. Indeed, most of the hydrocarbon molecules that the world will use in the future will be “heavy,” with lots of carbon atoms and not so many hydrogen atoms.

Here’s a graph from oil services giant Schlumberger that estimates the world’s heavy oil and bitumen resources. Canada’s 400 billion cubic meters of bitumen translates into something like 1.4 trillion barrels of oil equivalent. How much is that? Well, it’s about SEVEN times the total oil reserves of Saudi Arabia.

It just so happens that most of that Canadian bitumen is located in Alberta (with some is in Saskatchewan). And Fort McMurray, about 250 miles north of Edmonton, is the heart of the development process.

Oil Sands — Surface Mining

Large-scale oil sands development began in the 1970s. It took gigantic levels of capital investment, like tens of billions of dollars. That’s not pocket change. So a group of lease-owners got together and pooled their capital to form privately held Syncrude Canada, a joint venture. First mining started in 1978.

The way Syncrude operates, it’s not really “mining.” It’s landscape architecture. Under Alberta law, Syncrude could not turn over its first shovel of rock without a master plan for remediation and restoration at the end of the cycle. It’s quite a farsighted model for long-range resource development.

Thus for much of the 1970s, Syncrude performed baseline environmental studies and data gathering. It started digging in 1978. At first, the pit looked like a moonscape of open-pit mining. See the photo below. It looks like a mess, right? Well, there’s more to the story.

The mining process is fairly straightforward. Big shovels (really big) scoop large volumes (really large) of oil-laden sand (API number 8, the “bitumen”) into gigantic loaders (and I mean gigantic.

The loaders haul the rock to a crusher. The crushed rock goes to a washing bin, kind of like your washing machine at home except it’s the size of a high-rise office building. The Syncrude operation washes the bitumen off the sand using naphtha. Then it separates the bitumen, recovers the naphtha for reuse and takes the clean sand (and it’s clean) and replaces it in a previously mined pit.

The process uses a lot of water, but not as much as the horror stories you might hear about “draining the rivers” of northern Canada. Each barrel of water is recycled about 18 times.

The process uses a large amount of natural gas, but not as much as you may have heard (like “all the natural gas of northern Canada”). Pretty much everything about the operation is built with cogeneration in mind, so the company continuously recovers the heat at each stage. That natural gas goes a long way, from what I saw.

If it takes, say, five years to dig a pit, and then it may take five or more years to fill it back up with sand during the restoration process. Syncrude’s goal is to handle the rock as little as possible.

Eventually, Syncrude returns the land to original grade, although the company has some artistic license with the contours. It covers the land with the original topsoil, which has been in cold storage (northern Alberta… it’s cold up here for 10 months of the year). Then it replants trees, and that’s saying something, because the growing season is under two months. It takes 80 years for your basic spruce tree to reach maturity.

There’s even a new water table, despite the disturbance of the land.

Where Things Now Stand

So at this stage, after 30 years or so of mining (with about 80 years to go, at current rates of extraction), Syncrude has come to a point of delivering 350,000 barrels of synthetic crude oil per day. It takes the 8-API bitumen and upgrades it to oil that’s competitive with West Texas Light. Then it delivers it to the JV members, for whatever use the owners want to make of it.

Along the way, the Syncrude process removes the sulfur, so it’s sulfur free (refiners like that). In fact, there’s a mass of sulfur up at Syncrude that’s about the size of the step pyramid at Saqqara, Egypt. And along the way, Syncrude sells the sulfur to the chemical industry.

The former Syncrude mine that I visited is about 3.5 miles square, and formerly about 200 feet deep. Now it’s restored to grade, with trees growing and a herd of 300 wood bison grazing.

For the cynics out there, I’d say that it’s not some environmental Potemkin village, because you can’t fake a replanted forest of 25-year-old trees. You can’t fake a 300-bison herd. Not on a former mine site 3.5 miles square.

Sure, there are still issues about land disturbance, settling ponds, water usage, gas usage and myriad of other things that come up when you’re spending billions of dollars on a major mining effort. But Syncrude has built its business model around dealing with the “other” issues, and not just moving oil sands and recovering oil products. Don’t underestimate the ability of the Alberta government to regulate its energy producers. This is a long way from Appalachia.

Meanwhile, we’re talking about literally billions of barrels of bitumen (or oil equivalent) that the process makes available to the North American marketplace. And if the U.S. wants to get onto its environmental high horse about the source of the hydrocarbons from the oil sands — and tax or ban their importation — there are other buyers in the world. Like the Chinese, who have racked up many frequent flyer miles on their treks to Fort McMurray.

That’s all for now. In Part II, I’ll discuss the in situ process that I saw at the ConocoPhillips Surmont site.

Until we meet again,
Byron King

Source: Update on Canada Oil Sands, Part I

One hundred ninety-five dollars is the “live-out allowance” here in Fort McMurray. This place is ground zero for the Athabasca tar-sand boom. That money amounts to hardship pay, and the miners here need it.

Fort McMurray isn’t a big town. It has just three exits on the only highway within 100 miles. Forty years ago, there wasn’t much here at all. Now it’s one of the fastest-growing towns in Canada… and the extra $50,000 or so a year those miners earn puts a lot of juice into the local economy.

I spoke to a mortgage broker here yesterday afternoon. She told me they did a billion dollars in mortgages in Fort McMurray in 2007. You’d have to sell three beachfront condos a day for a year to make that kind of money in Florida. In Fort McMurray, they did it selling mobile homes.

A typical doublewide mobile home costs around $450,000 here. A modest two-bedroom with a garage, under 1,600 square feet, will set you back nearly $700,000.

That isn’t likely to decline anytime soon. Everyone is spending money up here, and the population will continue to increase. In 1963, one company mined the tar sands. Now, more than 60 companies are falling over one another for acreage. With oil over $100 a barrel, mining this trillion-barrel deposit is just too profitable, and too safe to ignore.

———- Advertisement ———-
Penny Stock set to drill Canada’s largest oil sands field

Canada’s single largest oil sands holding – over 707,700 acres – is now controlled by a tiny $4 stock

They’re conducting tests to determine how much oil is buried beneath their land… Preliminary estimates are 60 BILLION barrels of oil.

The results are due back in any day… that’s when I expect this tiny company’s share price to rocket to $20… $30… possibly even $50 a share.

To read more on the story, click here.
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I see three important factors that set the tar sands apart from nearly every other large petroleum deposit in the world… factors that continue to justify your investments in the area.

1. Canada’s oil sector is private. Last week, I talked about the increasing power of state-owned oil companies. In places like Saudi Arabia and Venezuela, huge government-run companies control all aspects of oil production. Canada’s government stays out of the oil-production business.

2. Canada operates under the rule of law. I love Canadian and Australian natural resource investments. These countries have long histories of being investor friendly. Russia and Venezuela have a tendency to screw companies and individual investors.

3. Canada has a short, safe, efficient transportation route to its largest consumer – the United States. Saudi Arabia can’t say this. Its oil production is threatened by instability… and the transportation route is half the world.

These three reasons will drive an explosion in Canadian oil sands. Production will climb from 1.1 million barrels per day in 2006 to 3.8 million barrels per day in 2020… That’s 250% growth in just 14 years.

Alberta has 857 projects on the books worth $169 billion. Those projects include everything: mines, electrical generation, parks, biodiesel plants, and roads.

However, the bulk of that money comes from oil-sand development. This is one of the greatest growth stories on the planet right now. And there are lots of ways to get in…

You can buy Suncor Energy and make decent gains, but it’s like the Microsoft of the oil sands. Everybody knows about it. I prefer sticking to smaller producers and infrastructure ideas.

I still like Husky Energy for a refining infrastructure play. It’s one of Canada’s largest and most powerful oil companies… and it counts the brilliant Li Ka-shing (China’s richest man) as a big investor. Its early investments in heavy oil refining have made it one of the largest refiners in the region. S&A Oil Report readers are up about 55% on the stock… and I see bigger gains ahead.

You can also buy natural gas for a play on Canadian oil sand development. Mining and processing the oil sand consumes huge amounts of natural gas. More and more of Canada’s natural gas exports to the U.S. will be diverted to the oil sands, which should support North American natural gas prices.

Whichever route you choose, I recommend you choose it soon. I believe a long era of high oil prices is ahead… and buying into Athabasca is the safe way to profit.

Good investing,

Matt Badiali

P.S. Most investors have no idea that the development of Athabasca is also a tremendous opportunity to collect some of the highest income payments in the world.

Source: Three Reasons You Need to Invest in Tar Sands Today