What’s tipping us off? The so-called Price/Earnings-to- Growth ratio, better known to investors as the “PEG” ratio.

Let me explain …

One of the most popular stock valuations is the Price/Earnings (P/E) ratio. If you take that calculation one step further and include a stock’s expected growth rate you hit on the P/E-to-growth ratio, or PEG ratio.

Analysts have been using PEG ratios for years, now, to pick undervalued stocks, but now you also can use that same ratio to determine which countries are trading at good value.

A recent Bespoke Investment Group report used the popular PEG ratio to identify which country’s stocks are currently undervalued.

“Late last year, we began performing this analysis on countries to get a better comparison of the valuations of both developed and emerging markets,” the B.I.G. Tips report read. “To do this, we divide the country’s [gross domestic product] growth estimate into the estimated P/E ratio of its major stock market index.”

Like an individual security’s PEG ratio, the lower the ratio, the more undervalued the stock.

The top-three spots on that list go to Russia (1.37), China (1.91) and India (2.06). Brazil clocks in at sixth with 2.80. Money Morning readers may recognize them as member of the “BRIC” nations – a term coined by Goldman Sachs Group Inc. (GS) in 2003 identifying rapidly growing emerging economies (Brazil, Russia, India, China). [For a complete listing of the PEG ratios of the respective countries, please see the chart below.]

Rounding out the top six are Malaysia (2.37) and South Korea (2.66), the latter of which is another investing favorite of both Money Morning and Warren Buffett, chairman of Berkshire Hathaway Inc. (BRK.A, BRK.B).

The United States, on the other hand, comes in near the bottom with an estimated PEG ratio for 2008 of 11.39.

When using the calculations to make investment picks, it’s important to remember that both the P/E ratio and the 2008 GDP growth are only estimates. Still, it’s easy to see how fast-growing economies have the leg up on more mature markets such as Japan and the United States.

How to Play the PEG for Profits

One of the easiest ways for U.S. investors to cash in on a foreign country’s expected stock market growth is with an American-listed exchange-traded fund (ETF) or exchange-traded note (ETN) that mirrors a foreign stock market index.

For the BRICs, you could try the iShares MSCI Brazil Index (EWZ), the Market Vector Russia ETF Trust (RSX), the Barclays IPath India Index ETN (INP), or the iShares FTSE/Xinhua China 25 Index (FXI).

If you prefer to stick to individual securities:

Russia: OAO Gazprom (OTC: OGZPY), the state-owned natural gas monopoly with ambitions to control Western Europe’s gas supplies.

Lukoil (OTC: LUKOY), the other obvious Russian heavyweight, is the largest state-controlled oil company.

China: A terrific way to play China is with the Region Opportunity Fund (USCOX), a mutual fund run by San Antonio-based U.S. Global Investors Inc. (GROW). Indeed, U.S. Global, itself, is a pretty good play on international growth. It manages some of the best emerging-market funds, and natural-resources funds, in the business. As global growth fuels global investments – and it will – U.S. global will see more money pour into its funds, boosting the management fees it collects, as well as its profits and stock price.

India: One of India’s titans is Tata Motors Ltd. (TTM), which recently sealed both ends of the consumer automotive spectrum with its forthcoming $2,500 Nano and its recent $2.3 billion acquisition of the Jaguar and Land Rover brands.

Another is option could be the pharmaceutical company Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd. (RDY). As many U.S. pharmaceutical patents expire in the next five years, this major generic-drugs manufacturer can expect to benefit.

South Korea: Back in October 2007, Buffett took a 4% stake in this country’s Number One steelmaker, POSCO Ltd. (PKX). Studies have shown that following Buffett’s investment moves, even months after the fact can be the pathway to profits.

Brazil: Companhia Vale do Rio Doce, now referred to only as Vale (RIO), is an iron-ore company with ancillary operations in gold, nickel, copper and other metals. It’s one of the true global blue chips, with a market capitalization of almost $200 billion.

Another Brazilian firm worth a look is Petrobras (PBR). It’s one of the few emerging market oil companies with access to modern technology – and the willingness to work with the oil majors.

Source: Popular Stock Indicator Tells Investors to Hit the BRICs

Yet India remains one of the world’s great growth opportunities and investors at this level may well be getting in on the ground floor of a very major long-term profit play.

Let me explain …

India’s economy expanded at a breezy 9% clip last year. The rate of growth is expected to throttle back to about 8% this year, but that’s still excellent, justifying fairly lofty price-earnings ratios in the local stock market. Even so, market valuations there do not now appear excessive; the overall market is trading at about 18 times earnings, which is not particularly high given the economy’s growth potential.

As with China, if India can get its house in order – both politically and economically – we’re looking at the very real prospect of very rapid growth before that country’s standard of living starts to approach that of the West, causing India’s rate of growth to slow dramatically.

The bottom line: With 1.1 billion potential Indian consumers, we’re looking at a huge potential purchasing power for all kinds of consumer products.
Now, there are some potential pitfalls to be concerned about in the near term.

For instance, the current Indian government, in office since 2004, is a coalition between the Congress Party, which had ruled India for most of the period since independence, though without any great success, and the Communists (who are a pretty mild lot, but are nevertheless pro-government and fairly anti-market).

Although India Prime Minister Manmohan Singh is a moderate, the government as a whole has seen India’s economic emergence as an opportunity to fund favorite projects and social programs. For instance, this year’s budget proposes an 18% increase in public spending for the 12 months that end next March, over and above the 24% increase in public spending for the year-to-March 2008. Even after several years of rapid growth, the state budget deficit (the federal shortfall plus the local deficit) is around 7% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). With any kind of downturn at all, that 7% could quickly swell to 10% – a point at which deficits become difficult to finance.

Now there is some hope on the horizon – an election is due in May 2009, at the latest, and the center-right opposition is currently leading in opinion polls. Even so, shrewd investing veterans know better than to rely on that alone for their investment profits.

The other current problem is inflation, right now running at 8% per annum, which means that it’s higher than the level of short-term domestic interest rates. Higher commodity and energy prices have affected India as they have other countries: India’s position is made more difficult by the poverty that afflicts much of the population. The Indian government, like the good socialists that they are, has seen fit to restrict exports of rice and to subsidize other foods and gasoline (the latter makes no sense socially, since automobiles are largely owned by the middle classes, not the poor). Needless to say, these subsidies and restrictions make the budget deficit worse; and they will pose an additional problem in the future, when they are lifted and consumer prices soar in response.

Having described some of the challenges that India faces, let’s be clear on a very key point: No market is perfect. Ironically, if it were, it would be a much less alluring investment opportunity. I mean, let’s face it: If India didn’t face the problems that we’ve detailed here, the market would be trading at a hefty 40 times earnings, well above its current multiple of 18.

The underlying truth remains that economic growth has achieved real momentum in India, that any government we can picture will do no more than slow the country’s economy incrementally, and that the economics of providing manufacturing and services from a base in India – especially in the era of the Internet – is so compelling from a cost and logistical standpoint that it must inevitably continue to produce huge profits for long-term investors for decades to come.

When it comes to India, it’s almost as if the central question no longer is “how much should I invest in India?” but rather “how can I afford not to invest in India?”

Let’s take a look at how best to invest in this fast-growing economy.

India Profit Plays

The simplest way to invest in India is via an Exchange Traded Note (ETN), in this case the Barclays IPath India Index ETN (INP), whose returns are linked to the Morgan Stanley Capital International India Index (unlike a conventional ETF, an ETN is technically a 30-year note, so it distributes assets to holders at the end of 30 years). In January, INP was trading at about a 15% premium to its net asset value (NAV). But now it’s trading very close to its NAV, having slipped backward.

As an alternative you might consider the Morgan Stanley India Investment Fund (IIF) or the India Fund (IFN), both actively managed funds investing in India, which currently trade at discounts to NAV of 2.0% and 0.3% respectively.

Individual shares to look at would include Infosys Technologies Ltd., (INFY) the India-based software giant, which following the fall in the Indian market has declined to a fairly reasonable 19 times earnings, or 16 times next year’s earnings.

Another possibility is the pharmaceutical company, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd. (RDY), which, as a major generic drugs manufacturer, can expect to benefit from the expiration of many U.S. pharmaceutical patents in the next five years, and right now carries a P/E ratio of only 15.

Finally, you might consider an India-based automaker that’s been in the news a lot recently: Tata Motors Ltd. (TTM), which is trading at only 11 times earnings, reflecting the risk involved in a medium-sized company taking on the world automotive industry. In the luxury end of the market, Tata recently bought Jaguar and Land Rover from Ford Motor Co. (F), for $2.3 billion. At the economy end of the market, Tata has announced the Nano, a car for the Indian market that will sell for $2,500 – 40% cheaper than any other car on the world market. And that’s after Tata had a smash hit with a light truck designed for the India market, as well.

As I’ve previously articulated in several Money Morning articles, it is highly likely that – years from now – the worldwide center of auto-making will migrate from Detroit to someplace in either China or India, or both, thanks to the combined allure of low costs and potentially huge consumer markets. That means that Tata, as India’s largest manufacturer, is likely to be a key player in the global auto market of the future.

So if you know what the ultimate outcome of that global game is going to be, why not deal yourself a winning hand right now, and then sit back and wait for this scenario (and your profits) to play out?