S&P’s said the “outlooks on the large financial institutions sector in the U.S. are now predominantly negative” and that “the pace and extent of earnings improvement could be considerably more muted than we previously anticipated.”

“Lehman Brothers, the most vulnerable of the three houses downgraded, got it the worst,” say Ian Mattias and Addison Wiggan in the 5 Min Forecast. “Traders pushed LEH down 8% during yesterday’s session.”

This morning, the suits at Lehman are putting together a plan to raise more emergency capital. Having already raised $6 billion over the past year, Lehman is far and away the most likely candidate to play the role of “next Bear Stearns” during this encore production of the credit crisis.

“What does Wall Street expect?” asks Dan Denning in The Daily Reckoning Australia. “We’re in a bear market in credit.”

The grim news Stateside is that the board of directors of Wachovia, the fourth largest bank in America, fired its CEO Ken Thompson. Wachovia lost US$708 million in the first quarter of 2008. It didn’t help Thompson that he engineered the acquisition of mortgage lender Golden West Financial in 2006 – right at the peak of the mortgage lending bubble.

Thompson joins a long list of CEOs falling on their sword for thinking a credit boom would never end. It has. It’s still ending, in fact. Ratings agency Standard and Poor’s lowered the credit ratings of three big Wall Street firms earlier today. JP Morgan, Lehman Brothers, and Merrill Lynch were all downgraded because the S&P reckons the firms will have to take further asset write downs this year.

What did you expect? It’s a bear market in credit. The story comes straight from the department of news so obvious a rock would know it. What does it mean?

Well, a bear market in credit is bad for firms with heavily leveraged balance sheets. That includes most financial and banking stocks. Why any investor would go bottom fishing in the financials when we still have a bear market in credit is beyond our reckoning capabilities.

William Patalon III in Money Morning reckons investors should take the fresh warnings about the credit crisis from Oppenheimer & Co’s analyst Meredith Whitney to heart.

Whitney now says the worst may be yet to come. The banking-sector financial crisis will last at least until the end of next year, and may actually stretch well past that. And that could lead to a major U.S. downturn.

“We believe the credit crisis is far from over,” Whitney wrote in a research report last week. “In fact, we believe what lies ahead will be worse than what is behind us.”

The so-called “first wave” of the credit crisis hit banks’ trading books. But the second lightning strike will hit lenders where it hurts the most – right in their lending businesses. If she’s right, the impact on the economy will be devastating.

Here’s why. The banking system’s “originate-to-distribute” model changed the rules of the game. No longer did banks make loans that were based on very careful risk-of-loss analyses. Under the new system, banks make loans – such as subprime mortgages – which are then “securitized,” or packaged together, into debt instruments that the trading operations of banks, investment banks or institutional investors might then purchase, believing it was a way of achieving higher returns.

Initially, this led to higher profits. Which induced banks to boost lending so that they could boost securitizations. But here’s the problem. First, since the banks were no longer going to keep the loans, they relaxed lending standards. In fact, they actually had to since, second, they wanted to boost those volumes.

When the underlying loans unraveled as the subprime-mortgage crisis spiraled deeper and deeper out of control, companies such as The Bear Stearns Cos. Inc. (BSC) took losses that just kept growing. Bear Stearns is now being taken over by JPMorgan Chase & Co. (JPM), with the help of the U.S. Federal Reserve.

The sins weren’t limited to banks, however. Consumers stoked this credit inferno – and, in doing so, unknowingly created their own funeral pyre.

Consumers grew accustomed to the “rolling loan gathers no loss” mindset, Whitney says. Housing values were soaring, and as long as those values continued to rise, homeowners could continue to roll over their loans into new borrowings – often packing in a lot of ancillary consumer debt from credit cards or car payments long the way.

When the housing market collapsed, however, homes were no longer a real-estate-version of an automated teller machine (ATM) that consumers could turn to each time they needed to eradicate debt from car loans, home loans or even credit-card debt.

When banks stopped lending, consumers had nowhere to turn to roll over their loans. Making matters worse were two other factors:

• First, many of their loans had so-called “re-set” provisions that permitted the loans to reset at much higher interest rates – a fact that caused the overall monthly mortgage payments to increase, sometimes by as much as 40% or more. And since their incomes weren’t rising in kind, many consumers could no longer make these payments, and defaulted on their mortgages.
• Second, the downturn in the housing market sent home prices into a severe tailspin, in some cases leaving homeowners with mortgage balances that were much larger than the new (lower) market value of their home. And if the mortgage loan also reset, that homeowner was hit with a double-whammy blow – a boosted mortgage payment on a house whose value had plunged.

Those resets have caused foreclosures to soar, the news is going to get lots worse, real estate data firm RealtyTrac Inc. said last month. Indeed, U.S. home foreclosures likely won’t peak until the fourth quarter, Money Morning reported last month.

“What we’re really looking at is ongoing fallout from people overextending themselves to buy homes they couldn’t affordand using highly toxic loan products to get into the houses in the first place,” Rick Sharga, RealtyTrac’s vice president of marketing, told The Associated Press. “We’re going to see quite possibly a record amount of foreclosure activity in the third or fourth quarter,” reflecting the spike in monthly payments because of the re-sets on adjustable-rate subprime mortgages that will take place in May and June.

And that brings us back to Whitney.

The banking sector’s lending pullback will fuel these losses and foreclosures, for many of the reasons we’ve detailed here. Already, banks will likely have to set aside an additional $170 billion in reserves through the end of 2008 – just to keep up with mounting loan losses.

To do that, banks will have to further rein in lending – to the tune of about $2 trillion worth of available credit lines, BusinessWeek.com reported. For some context, the annual gross domestic product (GDP) of the entire U.S. economy is approaching $14 trillion. Two-thirds of that is driven by consumer spending.

That’s why the lending pullback is going to have a massive contractionary effect on the U.S. economy.

“New and unforeseen strains on consumer liquidity will push more consumers into precarious credit positions and cause consumer credit losses to be far worse than what is currently estimated, even by the most-draconian of investors,” Whitney wrote.

It is hard to reconcile the sunny optimism of CNBC with the grinding reality of the stock market. Where will earnings and growth come from in 2008? What sector? If inflation is out of control, are shares the best refuge? The stock market looks more and more nervous as investors try to sort all these things out.

The grim news Stateside is that the board of directors of Wachovia, the fourth largest bank in America, fired its CEO Ken Thompson. Wachovia lost US$708 million in the first quarter of 2008. It didn’t help Thompson that he engineered the acquisition of mortgage lender Golden West Financial in 2006—right at the peak of the mortgage lending bubble.

Thompson joins a long list of CEOs falling on their sword for thinking a credit boom would never end. It has. It’s still ending, in fact. Ratings agency Standard and Poor’s lowered the credit ratings of three big Wall Street firms earlier today. JP Morgan, Lehman Brothers, and Merrill Lynch were all downgraded because the S&P reckons the firms will have to take further asset write downs this year.

What did you expect? It’s a bear market in credit. The story comes straight from the department of news so obvious a rock would know it. What does it mean?

Well, a bear market in credit is bad for firms with heavily leveraged balance sheets. That includes most financial stocks. Why any investor would go bottom fishing in the financials when we still have a bear market in credit is beyond our feeble Tuesday-morning reckoning capabilities (still jet lagged).

Turning to our adopted homeland, we notice that other people are starting to get really worried about inflation. “Inflation rising at record rate,” reads a headline. “Inflation is rising at its swiftest pace on record,” according to a survey by TD Securities and the Melbourne Institute. You don’t say?

The RBA reckons inflation is running about 4.5% a year. It’s probably even higher than that, especially for people that eat, drive, get sick, and wear clothes. Hunger striking nudists who commute to work on bicycles are probably doing just fine. If there were only more of them.

There are comments by the usual morons on TV that the U.S. dollar is headed for a rally against the euro and the yen. This, the morons reckon, should lead to some “easing” in commodity prices. Oil eased itself up US$1.48 in early us trading, getting back on the north side of US$128. Gold eased itself up US$7 to just shy of US$900.

What if the dollar goes up against other currencies, but down against tangible assets? Is that even possible? Well of course it is!

The greenback weakened even more against oil and gold in the last few years than it did against the euro and the yen. Beware the false prophets of a dollar resurrection. They are looking at an incomplete picture because it’s more comforting.

How will shares behave if the global inflation bush fire becomes an inferno? Well, resource shares could melt up. The weak dollar is responsible for a lot of the nominal gains in commodity prices. But it’s not responsible for all those gains. Demand is too; especially demand from the 3.2 billion new industrial consumers in India and China, and the billion more in the next wave of industrializing countries.

We’d better be careful though. If people begin to think the central bank fight against inflation is lost, they will modify their behavior accordingly. This includes demanding higher wages to keep up with spiraling prices. And it includes trading cash for things before things get more expensive.

You’d be surprised how quickly the shelves of a supermarket can be picked to the bone when people become convinced (and afraid) that prices are going inevitably higher. There is probably not that much difference between the human genome and the locust genome.

Buy extra toilet paper.

And here’s a note we’ve been waiting to see. “Deal nears on iron ore price rise of BHP, Rio,” reports Jamie Freed in the Age. It looks like the Aussie miners are going to get something like a 95% increase from last year’s contract price. The Chinese steel makers won’t be happy about that. But if they don’t agree to a deal before June 30th, both Aussie ore titans are free to sell ore in the spot market, where prices are double the current contract price.

You can find more share market news from our pals over at Money Morning, who are all over the coal-seam-methane story. Until tomorrow…

Dan Denning
The Daily Reckoning Australia

Source: It’s a Bear Market in Credit