Three reports were unanimous that sales gained, but to different degrees: Market research firm Retail Metrics Inc. said sales rose 1.1% last month, Thomson Reuters tallied a rise of 0.6% and a tally by International Council of Shopping Centers (ICSC) and Goldman Sachs Group Inc. (NYSE: GS) showed a 0.1% increase.

“Let the retail recovery begin,” said Michael Niemira, chief economist at ICSC. “This is the start of a better performance and better fundamentals.”

Retailers such as Target Corp. (NYSE: TGT), Aeropostale (NYSE: ARO) and Kohl’s Corp. (NYSE: KSS) raised their guidance for the current quarter ending October 31. But the encouragement was reserved as it pertains to the fiscal holiday quarter that starts next month for most retailers. Fundamentals key to consumer confidence – particularly unemployment, which rose to 9.8% last month – are still serious concerns.

“While our outlook for the third quarter has improved, we remain cautious in our expectations for fourth quarter results in both of our business segments,” said Gregg Steinhafel, Target’s chairman, president and chief executive officer.

Of course, retailers didn’t have to do much to beat last year’s September, which was relatively poor.

“You want to be careful how much you’re reading into the improved numbers,” Michael McNamara, vice president for research and analysis at SpendingPulse, an information service by MasterCard Advisors that estimates sales for all forms of payment, including cash, checks and credit cards in an interview with The New York Times.

For instance, jewelry sales increased 1.2% last month, McNamara said, “but that is still about 5% lower than we were in September 2007 and about 10% lower than the sector was in September 2006.”

“In some respects the sector has turned the clock back to 2005 sales,” he said.

While the bleeding at retailers may not have stopped, it has likely slowed as leading indicators such as the financial markets and consumer sentiment show improvement. The Standard & Poor’s 500 Index has risen more than 55% since its March lows, while the Reuters/University of Michigan Index of Consumer Sentiment was up to 73.5, its highest level since the start of 2008.

Among the biggest retail gainers on the stock market today (Thursday) from the news were American Eagle Outfitters (NYSE: AEO), which gained 8.88% to close at $18.14 and Abercrombie & Fitch Co. (NYSE: ANF), up 5.51% to close at $34.46.

Source: Will Rise In September Retail Sales Carry into Holidays?

After the Commerce Department reported last week that retail sales fell 0.1% in July from June, and 8.3% year-over-year, retailers will stay in the limelight this week as several high-profile companies report second-quarter earnings. Target Corp. (NYSE: TGT), Limited Brands Inc. (NYSE: LTD), and Gap Stores (NYSE: GPS) are among the big-name retailers set to report.

Meanwhile, the Hewlett-Packard Co’s (NYSE: HPQ) report will provide a further glimpse into the world of technology, and The Home Depot Co.’s (NYSE: HD) results will confirm or counter claims that the recent housing rebound is for real.  On that note, the upcoming economic releases include July housing starts and existing home sales, while the wholesale inflation gauge may show that price pressures are not yet creeping into the producers’ side of the equation either.

Market Matters

While many more bearish analysts continue to proclaim “gloom and doom” and a drop back to the March-lows in equities, at least one noted naysayer may have shifted to the other team.  Hedge fund manager John Paulson purchased over $165 million shares of Bank of America Corp. (NYSE: BAC) to become the banking giant’s fourth largest shareholder.  Paulson was among the select few who predicted the subprime debacle, so his allocation into financials may be interpreted as a nice vote of confidence from an unexpected source.

Meanwhile, the U.S. Federal Reserve made a few bold moves to promote its case for recovery as well.  Following the policy meeting, Federal Reserve Chairman Ben S. Bernanke announced his intent to cease the program of buying up to $300 billion of Treasuries in October, as a major economic lifeline may have served its purpose well.  Additionally, banks have scaled back borrowing from the Fed’s emergency short-term lending facility, a sign that the frozen credit markets have thawed considerably.

Finally, the Car Allowance Rebate System (CARS), popularly known as “Cash for Clunkers,” was expanded, allowing car buyers to receive vouchers for future purchases as automakers report dwindling inventories.

Retailers took center stage in the earnings game as Wal-Mart Stores Inc. (NYSE: WMT) and Kohl’s Corp. (KSS) beat expectations, but still offered cautious projections for the months ahead (including the upcoming holiday season).  Macy’s Inc. (NYSE: M) posted a declining profit, but gave an optimistic outlook, as it benefits from cost-cutting measures.  Liz Claiborne Inc. (NYSE: LIZ), on the other hand, reported a wider loss and new streamlining plans and J.C. Penney Co. (NYSE: JCP) issued some pessimistic comments about the state of the consumer.

Seemingly recession-proof McDonalds Corp. (NYSE: MCD) announced strong July same-store sales as its coffee drinks competed effectively with the “big boys.”  On the transactional front, China continued its expansion into the global commodities markets as China National Petroleum Corp. and CNOOC Ltd. (NYSE ADR: CEO) have eyes on the Argentinean unit of Repsol YPF SA’s (NYSE: REP) to the tune of $17 billion. Microsoft Corp. (NYSE: MSFT) and Nokia Corp. (NYSE ADR: NOK) are teaming up to take on PDA leader Research in Motion Ltd. (Nasdaq: RIMM) in an alliance that brings the popular software together with a solid cellular player.

Fixed income investors got a boost from a successful 30-year bond auction, as $75 billion in new Treasury securities were well-received during the week.  The Treasury also announced a plan to issue more TIPS (inflation-adjusted bonds), a move aimed at alleviating concerns in China (the largest foreign holder of U.S. debt) that the government would allow a surge in inflation as it tries to finance the stimulus plans.

Higher inflation would increase the yields on TIPS and result in greater costs for the government.  Bond prices fell mid-week after the Fed announced its intent to end its Treasury purchase program, though the auction news was a welcome relief and a late-week flight-to-quality also ensued.

Investors focused on the lackluster consumer activity – illustrated by both earnings and economic releases – and worried that economic growth will be stunted as long as shoppers remain in hibernation.

Despite favorable reviews by the Fed, major equity indexes gave up slight ground during the week with the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index and Nasdaq Composite Index still flirting with 1,000 and 2,000 respectively.

Economically Speaking

No rest for the weary (especially when auditioning to keep a job).  Fed Chief Bernanke guided the latest Fed policy meeting that saw strong signs (and language) pointing to the recession nearing an end.  The Fed claimed the economy is “leveling out” and felt the Treasury purchase program could go away with no material detriment to the nation’s financial system.

The accompanying statement also indicated that the funds rate would remain just above zero for “an extended period” as many anticipate the recovery will be slow to take hold.  Noted economists apparently have Bernanke’s back as a recent survey revealed that most prefer he remain on as Fed Chair for another four-year term and President Barack Obama should reappoint him based on his strong performance in righting the ship during the worst economic downturn since the Great Depression

Treasury Secretary Timothy F. Geithner shared some tough talk as he objected to certain concerns that major financial companies have not learned their lessons and the recent profits are indications of pre-crisis-like risk-taking.

The economic data of the week offered mixed signals as retail sales surprisingly declined in July despite the popularity of the “clunker” program, though continuous claims for unemployment benefits fell to the lowest level since April.

The anticipated rebirth of the consumer may be on hold for now as the Reuters/U. of Michigan sentiment index fell again and individuals continue to worry about the state of the job market.

While the trade deficit increased in June, exports climbed for the second consecutive month and manufacturers experienced increased demand for products like semiconductors and telecommunication devises.  Likewise, industrial production rose in July as the “new and improved” domestic automakers attempt to get back on track.

On another favorable note, inflation remains a non-issue as the consumer price index (CPI) was unchanged from June and prices have fallen by 2.1% over the past year.  On the global stage, the French and German economies posted surprising growth in the second quarter and, though the broader Eurozone countries continue to contract, the recovery is already taking hold in that region of the world.

Weekly Economic Calendar

Source: Will This Week’s Earnings Reports Reflect a Recovery or a Relapse for the U.S. Economy?

Sales at U.S. retailers dropped 0.4%, the eighth monthly decline in the last 10 months, following a revised 1.3% drop in March that was larger than previously estimated.  Excluding auto dealers, sales fell 0.5%

Economists had expected an increase of 0.5% to 1.0%.  Since July, retail sales have shown increases only in January and February, and those were attributed to post-holiday sales.

The disappointing numbers indicate surging unemployment and the worst housing market in decades could temper consumers’ appetite for spending for years, analysts said. As long as consumer spending is muted, which accounts for about 70% of all economic activity, any recovery from the worst recession in over 50 years is likely to be slow and difficult.

“These numbers are certainly discouraging, a bit disheartening,” David Resler, chief economist at Nomura Securities (ADR NYSE: NMR) in New York, told Reuters.

The news sent U.S. stock index futures reeling to steep losses in New York trading, while government bond prices enjoyed their biggest gains in weeks.
There can be little doubt that soaring unemployment is curtailing consumer spending. Unemployed workers naturally cut back on purchases and recent statistics suggest those that are still working are increasing their savings rate.

Despite the fact that payrolls fell by only 539,000 workers in April, the smallest drop since October, the jobless rate climbed to 8.9%, the highest level since 1983. Economists surveyed this month by Bloomberg predicted the jobless rate would average 9.6% in 2010.

The same survey also showed consumer spending will be unchanged this quarter after rising 2.2% during the first three months of the year. Last month, economists had forecast spending would fall at a 0.5% annual pace in the second quarter.

“The second quarter is going to be tough,” Bill Cheney, chief economist at John Hancock Financial Services Inc. in Boston, said in a Bloomberg Television interview. “Consumers are losing their jobs, concerned about losing their jobs and losing wealth.”

Retail sales fell even as consumer confidence started to rebound. According to last month’s report by the Conference Board, a New York-based private research group, consumer sentiment jumped in April by the most since 2005.

Falling demand at electronics, furniture, clothing and grocery stores led the decline in sales.

Gas stations also reported falling receipts in April, even though fuel prices climbed, indicating Americans may be cutting back on driving just as the U.S. enters the usually busy summer months.

Imported petroleum prices were up 15.4% in April – the largest monthly rise since a 17% increase in March 2002 – after February and March figures were revised upwards to 5.3% and 7.9% respectively.

Sales at car dealers were among the few retailers to show an increase last month. Auto sales gained 0.2% after falling 2% in March.

Counter to an industry report last week, the government’s data said sales at clothing retailers decreased 0.5%.

According to last week’s report from the International Council of Shopping Centers, the New York-based trade group that measures sales at about 40 retail chains, April same-store sales rose 0.7%, the first gain since September.

Wal-Mart Stores Inc. (NYSE: WMT), the world’s largest retailer, said sales at U.S. stores open at least a year rose 5%. Other retailers that said first-quarter earnings exceeded their forecasts included Kohl’s Corp. (NYSE: KSS) and BJ’s Wholesale Club Inc. (NYSE: BJ).

Those reports had raised hopes that shoppers are returning to stores. But yesterday’s report had retailers preaching patience.

“We’re still working our way through the slowdown,” Mike Niemira, chief economist at the ICSC, told Bloomberg. “I think it will get better as the year progresses. The month of May will still be tough and I suspect by the summer that things will be a little broader in terms of the improvement.”

Source:  Plummeting Retail Sales in April Bury Economic “Green Shoots”

Even bellwhether Wal-Mart Stores Inc. (WMT), which had managed to dodge the cold winds of recession over the past year, was clobbered by the economic meltdown.

The discount retailer missed big on its December same-store sales numbers.  And across the board, a chorus of large retailers chimed in with similar, disappointing news.

Altogether, it may add up to the worst holiday-shopping season in four decades, as rising unemployment and tightening credit forced consumers to the sidelines during the all-important fourth quarter.

Citing the impact of slower than expected sales at its Sam’s Club warehouse stores and international units, the WalMart posted a 1.7% increase in same-store sales. The world’s largest retailer also cut its fourth quarter earnings forecast.

“The current economy remains challenging for all businesses, and retailers have already seen customers pull back on discretionary spending,” Tom Schoewe, Wal-Mart’s finance chief told the Financial Times. “Consumers are very focused on value and necessities.”

At first, consumers had crowded discount stores seeking lower-priced goods, but surprised investors must now cope with a retail environment where even Wal-Mart seems vulnerable.

“I am shocked and disappointed,” retail analyst Britt Beemer, chairman of America’s Research Group, told CNNMoney.com.  Because of its low prices and aggressive discounts, Beemer had pegged Wal-Mart as the clear winner of the holiday shopping season and was expecting the retailer to post a 3% sales gain in December.

Overall, same-store retail sales dropped 1.7% in December, the International Council of Shopping Centers reported. Same-store sales measure sales at stores open for more than a year, and are considered to be an important indicator.  Sales declined 2.2% in the last two months of the year – the biggest such drop since the group started tracking the data in 1970.

Damage was widespread and deep, pummeling not only discounters but high-end marketers. Same-store sales at luxury retailer Neiman Marcus Group Inc. sank 28% in December. Saks Inc. (SKS) posted a 20% sales decline, twice as large as analysts estimated, even after markdowns of as much as 70% on designer goods.

Macy’s (M) said same-store sales fell 4% and it will close 11 underperforming stores in nine states, affecting 960 employees. The department store chain expects to earn between 90 cents and $1 per share for the quarter ending Jan. 31, below the consensus estimate of $1.12.

“This has been the most challenging economic environment in memory,” Macy’s CEO Terry Lundgren said in a statement.

Any sales rebound in the coming year will have to weather strong headwinds from surging unemployment.  Although initial unemployment claims fell last week, they are still up 42% over 2007, the Labor Department reported.  Continuing claims rose by 101,000 to 4.61 million in the week ending Dec. 27, the highest level since November 1982.

The Labor Department is set to release the December jobs report today (Friday). Economists had expected a loss of 500,000 jobs last month, but many are revising forecasts upwards.  A report from payroll processor ADP projected job losses of 693,000 as reported by Money Morning on Thursday, capping what could be the worst year of job losses since the end of World War II.

And in more bad news on the unemployment front, Walgreen Co. (WAG) the nation’s No.2 drugstore chain said it is eliminating about 1,000 jobs, or about 9% or its work force.

“That does not bode well going into January-February, where we go into a lull period and there’s really no reason to buy until spring,” Adrienne Tennant, an analyst at Friedman, Billings, Ramsey & Co. (FBR) in Arlington, Virginia, told Bloomberg Television.

Even the good news was bad. J.C. Penney Co. (JCP) same-store sales fell 8.1%, better than it and analysts had estimated. Kohl’s Corp.’s (KSS) dropped 1.4%, helped by last- minute shopping and “strong post-Christmas business.” Analysts had anticipated a 5.9% decline.

But the lackluster results at most discounters were a huge, negative surprise.  Costco Wholesale (COST) reported a 4% drop in same-store sales for December, a bigger decline than the 3.7% analysts had expected.

Target’s (TGT) December same-store sales fell by 4.1%. The retailer said this was in line with their expectations but that it had to slash prices to clear inventory.

“These markdowns, combined with additions to our accounts receivable allowance, will put additional pressure on our profitability in the fourth quarter,” the company said.

“This kind of discounting is a big concern,” Retail Metrics President Ken Perkins told Bloomberg TV. “January will be a heavy clearance month, with further downward margins pressure, and we might see more forecasts cut.”

It’s almost like Pavlov’s dog,” said Craig Johnson, president of retail-consulting firm Customer Growth Partners LLC in New Canaan, Connecticut.  “Consumers have become so accustomed to markdowns that nobody wants to pay full retail anymore.”

Source:Blue Christmas for Retailers as Slumping Economy Hammers Sales

Briefings for top congressional Democrats were to start either over the weekend or today (Monday), a senior transition-team official told The Associated Press late last week. President-elect Obama is slated to meet today with House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, D-Calif., and Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, D-Nev., in a Democratic strategy session that is likely to focus on the economic recovery package.

It’s time to look forward, not back. The 111th Congress meets tomorrow (Tuesday), and a comprehensive economic stimulus package is at the top of its agenda.  Hopefully, the lawmakers can put partisan bickering aside (fat chance) and have a bill in place for President-elect Barack Obama’s signature soon after his Jan. 20th inauguration.

Experts are looking for a stimulus package of $800 billion to $1 trillion (“pork-barrel” projects included), although the Obama administration officials claim they will trim away any unnecessary fat.

Don’t expect much joy from retail-land as a trade group projected that December sales plunged by more than 1% with J.C. Penney Co. Inc. (JCP) (-11%), Kohl’s Corp. (KSS) (-10%), and Target Corp. (TGT) (-8%) among the primary victims.  As Money Morning predicted in a recent “Buy, Sell or Hold” column, discounter Wal-Mart Stores Inc. (WMT) is believed to have benefited most from the economic weakness with sales projected to have risen by 3% in December. While the holiday numbers seem dire at best, gift card sales don’t show up in the data until they are redeemed so retailers have one last opportunity for positive news in January (and beyond).

Unemployment data highlights this week’s news reports and a 12th straight month of labor contraction is a foregone conclusion.

As for stocks, the so-called “January Effect” states “as the first five days of January go, so goes the market for the year.” Let’s hope the full week sets a nice tone for 2009 (not a bad start).  The first trading session of the New Year on Friday got things off to a fine start. The Dow Jones Industrial Average soared 258.30 points, or 2.9%, pushing the 30-stock blue-chip index back up over 9,000 to its highest close in two months. The Dow ended trading on Friday at 9,034.69.

Many investors closed their books on 2008 a few weeks early, but took some opportunities to rebalance their portfolios for 2009.  The Dow experienced its worst year since 1931 and the Nasdaq and S&P 500 indexes have fallen almost 45% since their 2007 highs. Foreign markets suffered similar fates, for instance, with Japan’s Nikkei having plunged 42% last year.

On Friday, trading was thin and the economic backdrop was dour, but it still felt “good to get off to a good start on the first trading day of the year,” Fred Dickson, chief market strategist at the investment firm D.A. Davidson & Co. told The Washington Post. “Even though all the economic data is discouraging, I think there’s a psychological lift to starting off the year on solid footing.”

Investors actually shrugged off a report from the Institute for Supply Management that showed that manufacturing activity contracted to a 28-year low in December. All but one of the stocks in the Dow posted gains – JP Morgan Chase & Co. (JPM) being the only loser. General Motors Corp. (GM), Alcoa Inc. (AA), The Boeing Co. (BA) and Citigroup Inc. (C) posted the biggest increases in the Dow.

Citigroup shares rose 6.4% to close at $7.14 after the bank revealed it would not be paying bonuses to its top executives [For more details on the Citi announcement, check out this related story in today’s issue of Money Morning]. Financial stocks also got a boost from a report that the U.S. Treasury Department said it would consider insuring toxic assets at large firms from unlimited future losses, just as it did for Citigroup in November.

General Motors shares soared 14% to close at $3.65 a share on Friday after financing company GMAC LLC said that as part of its $6 billion federal bailout and decision to become a bank, it will no longer have the exclusive right to provide low-interest loans to borrowers who buy General Motors cars and trucks. The change may help GM sell more vehicles, and rely less on GMAC’s ability to provide credit. GM sales fell 41% in November after GMAC had significantly tightened credit the prior month, leaving many prospective buyers unable to borrow.

The Standard & Poor’s 500 Index advanced 3.2%, or 28.55 points, to close at 931.80, while the technology-heavy Nasdaq Composite Index climbed 3.5%, or 55.18 points, to close at 1,632.21.

The Dow has now risen for three consecutive trading sessions. But the market still has a long way to go to recover from a year that handed the Dow a 34% decline, its biggest drop since 1931, and left the S&P down 38% for its worst performance since 1937. The Nasdaq was down more than 41% for the year.

“We still think the market bottomed on Nov. 20, and 2009 will show a continuation of the 25% rally we’ve seen the past six weeks,” Phil Orlando, chief equity strategist with Federated Investors, told The Post. “The economy will start to improve by mid-2009, and stocks are starting to discount that now.”

Market Matters

Though the year-end fanfare and fireworks were lackluster at best, investors put a disastrous 2008 in the rearview mirror and looked forward to better times ahead (or more of the same). While many had hoped for a last minute Santa Claus rally, the fat man did make an appearance over the last two weeks of the year, though results were modest and contributed little to overall holiday cheer.

Amid light volume, investors seemed content to take some time off to lick their collective wounds, analyze what went right (a very short list, indeed!) and wrong (much too long a list to reproduce here), and set their sights on 2009 (or update their résumés).  As has become the norm, the news headlines were dominated by the usual suspects: The bailout deals (financial and auto), the Bernard Madoff scandal, retail, and energy prices.

While much of the financial crisis has involved residential loans, Foresight Analytics predicts that commercial mortgages will become the next ax to fall as property developers take their place in line for the next federal bailout.  The continued freeze in credit and a vast recession could set the tone for an array of hotels, shopping centers, and office complexes to move toward default.

The afore-mentioned GMAC represented the latest non-bank to become a bank as the U.S. Federal Reserve approved its charter and the U.S. Treasury Department opened its Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) pocketbook to the tune of $5 billion (and another $1 billion for parent GM).  Soon after, the financing company (rather bank) announced plans to offer 0% loans for certain GM models in an attempt to jumpstart the auto sector  (Now, that’s what TARP was designed to do).

A Credit Suisse Group AG (ADR: CS) analyst quickly put a damper on these “positive” developments by downgrading GM to an “Underperform,” and claimed the company could still fall into bankruptcy.  Bernard Madoff turned over a list of his personal assets to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission as the befuddled agency attempted to track down that missing $50 billion.  Meanwhile, those “lucky” Madoff investors who managed to take distributions may be forced to give that money back as lawsuits apply a six-year “claw back” provision on past redemptions.

While Amazon.com Inc. (AMZN) reveled in the unexpected delight of its best holiday season ever, MasterCard Inc. (MA) predicted that most retailers were not so fortunate.  Its SpendingPulse unit projected that total holiday sales declined by 2.5% to 4% from last year’s levels and the International Council of Shopping Centers (ICSC) predicted more store closings in 2009.

Turmoil in the Middle East and a dispute between Russia and Ukraine served to advance the energy markets as oil prices jumped above $46 a barrel on the first trading day of the New Year.  For the most part, traders (and speculators) continued to take their cues from the weak global economy (and sluggish demand) as oil prices have fallen more than $100 a barrel since mid-July.

Economically Speaking

The economic data of the past two weeks did little to instill confidence that the U.S. recession will be short-lived or to promote an expectation that a rebound is imminent.  The manufacturing sector remained weak as durable goods orders fell for the fourth straight month and the ISM purchasing managers’ survey revealed widespread pessimism as it hit its lowest reading in 28 years.

Consumer confidence dropped to an all-time low, as individuals remained worried about their jobs and were hesitant to spend on much beyond the bare essentials (bad news for retailers).  Third-quarter gross domestic product (GDP) was again reported as down 0.5%, and most analysts expect a far worse showing for the fourth quarter.

On the housing front, both existing and new home sales continued to decline in November and median prices tumbled on a national level.  The drop in mortgage rates, however, prompted a surge in refinancing activity and borrowers may soon have a few extra bucks in their pockets to contribute to the economy.

On that note, all hope is not lost. As the government continues to pour money into the mortgage markets, the most optimistic of analysts believe that the same housing sector that started the downturn eventually will lead the economy out of its doldrums.  Home prices are affordable; mortgage rates are extremely low; and the incentives are there for those who can take advantage, meaning there’s perhaps a slightly brighter light at the end of the tunnel.

Weekly Economic Calendar

Source: Obama Stimulus and January Effect Will be the Week’s Top Stories

Regardless of any formal announcement of whether or not the United States drops into an actual recession, the ongoing credit crisis guarantees a contraction of the American economy by virtually every measure we know. That period of darkness will be marked by a dramatic slowdown in economic activity, as well as by rising unemployment, additional declines in U.S. stock prices, and constant volatility. It could last as long as 12-18 months.

But when the dawn does come, it will be one to remember. If U.S. President-elect Barack Obama gets it right – and I have every reason to believe that he will – then investors will be presented with the greatest investment opportunity of our generation. At that point, shares of American companies will be at such low levels that wholesale buying by individuals, mutual funds, pension funds, institutional money managers, and foreign-controlled sovereign wealth funds, will generate gains that will not only make us whole, they will make us rich once again.

A Market Mandela

Creating an analysis of the U.S. economy’s outlook for the New Year is akin to creating a mandala, a geometric work of art whose pattern, symbolically or metaphysically, represents a microcosm of the universe from the human perspective. In some Buddhist temples, mandalas are made of tiny colored beads, painstakingly created by several monks as a form of meditation. In celebration of the ever-changing nature of the universe, the mandala is then joyously shaken by its creators, until it is once again nothing more than chaos embodied in a box of colored beads.

Regardless of the big picture, analysis of a mandala – or the economy – always starts at the center and emanates outward. With the U.S. economy, that centerpiece is credit. The credit crisis has shaken the complex mandala that is our economy and transformed the United States economy into chaos. It’s complex because this economic-forecast mandala derived its form from thousands of individual pieces – in the case of the economy, from scores of data points, many of which are currently dark and foreboding.

The credit crisis we are experiencing results from the contraction – or worse, the cessation – of lending. Under normal circumstances, institutions and markets freely facilitate capital movement between lenders and borrowers. But that’s not happening, now.

Because of a lack of transparency into the balance sheets of borrowers holding such complex and illiquid securities as collateralized debt obligations, credit-default swaps, and non-performing loans, and because of increasing recessionary fears affecting businesses and households, lenders don’t want to increase their loan exposure. Banks are holding onto the cash and liquid securities they control, using them as a cushion against their own potential losses. The U.S. Treasury Department’s direct-to-bank capital injections do not alter these banking realities. In fact, as a Money Morning investigative story recently demonstrated, instead of using these taxpayer-provided infusions to increase their lending, these banks are using the money to finance takeover deals.

The Recipe for a Recession

Whether or not the United States is technically in a recession ultimately will be divined by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). The business-cycle dating committee of this privately run, nonprofit economic research group is right now studying five factors in an attempt to determine if the United States has entered a recession and, if so, when that downturn started, MarketWatch.com reported. Those five factors are:

• Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
• Industrial production.
• Employment
• Income.
• Retail sales.

Regardless of any formal announcement by the NBER of whether we’re in a recession, the credit crisis guarantees a general contraction of economic activity, by every measure.

“Any doubt that we’re officially in a recession can be put aside,” Anthony Karydakis, former chief U.S. economist for JPMorgan Asset Management (JPM) – and now a professor at New York University’s Stern School of Business – recently wrote in Fortune magazine. “The rapid deterioration of labor markets points to a sharp decline in hours worked and output in the fourth quarter. This is likely to lead to a decline in personal consumption to the tune of 5.0% or so for that period. Since [consumer spending] makes up about 70% of the economy, the stage has already been set for real GDP to shrink at a more than 4.0% rate in the fourth quarter.”

Confirmation of that belief is evident by looking at each of the NBER’s five key indicators.

• Gross Domestic Product (GDP): The U.S. Commerce Department estimated that the U.S. economy, as measured by GDP, rose 0.9% in the first quarter. In the second quarter, GDP advanced an estimated 2.8%. For the third quarter, GDP declined an estimated 0.3%. My own econometric models suggest that GDP actually contracted at a 1.5% pace in the third quarter and will decline another 2.75% in the fourth quarter. For the year, that would mean the U.S. economy actually fell 0.55%. The U.S. economy last posted a full year’s negative GDP in 1991, when it declined 0.2%. Verdict: Recession.
• Industrial Production: This measure of output by the nation’s factories and mines dropped 2.8% in September, and a very steep 6.0% in the third quarter. Verdict: Recession.
• Employment: The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics announced Friday that October’s unemployment rate was 6.5%, a jump of 0.4%, which was double what most economists expected, and also its highest level in 14 years. The economy has now lost a total of 1.2 million jobs since the beginning of the year, with nearly half of those losses occurring in the last three months alone, pointing to an acceleration in the pace of erosion in labor markets. Karydakis, the Stern School professor, wrote in
  Fortune : “By way of comparison, during the 2001 recession and in the sluggish growth that followed in 2002-03, the unemployment rate reached a peak of only 6.3%, in June 2003. We’ve already exceeded that mark and, given that we are still in the early phase of the current recession, the unemployment rate should be expected to push toward the 7.5% range – and possibly higher – during the next three months to six months.”
  Verdict: Recession.
• Income: Personal income increased $24.5 billion, or 0.2%, and disposable personal income (DPI) increased $25.7 billion, or 0.2%, in September. Personal consumption expenditures (PCE) decreased $33.6 billion, or 0.3%. Excluding the rebate payments made to U.S. taxpayers under the Economic Stimulus Act of 2008, DPI increased $30.3 billion, or 0.3%, in September, and increased $44.0 billion, or 0.4%, in August. Verdict: Too close to call.
• Retail Sales: October retail sales are coming in well below already-diminished expectations, and some reports have been downright depressing – including The Neiman Marcus Group Inc. -26.8%; The Gap Inc. (GPS) -16%; The Nordstrom Group (JWN) -15.7%; J.C. Penny Co. Inc. (JCP) -13%; Kohl’s Corp. (KSS) -9%;  Ltd. Brands Inc. (LTD) -9%; Target Corp. Inc. (TGT) -4.8%; and Wal-Mart Stores Inc. (WMT) +2.4%. In a report last week, Moody’s Investors Service (MCO) projected that the retail sector’s woes will continue into 2009 as consumers cut back on buying apparel, footwear and accessories “in order to save money for essentials.” The credit rating firm said in a separate report that holiday spending “will prove even weaker than expected,” amid October’s financial-market swoon. Verdict: Recession.

If U.S. exports are taken out of the GDP calculations going back to January, it’s apparent that there has been very little domestic growth in the economy. And when revisions are finalized in the next few months, we’ll be looking back at the recession that we’re all but certain is upon us right now. Until the credit markets are freed up and borrowers are extended credit at reasonable rates, it’s unlikely that credit, the centerpiece of the economy, will be anything other than a major cog in the wheel.

There are some signs of a thaw, but not anytime soon. The U.S. Federal Reserve’s lowering of the Fed Funds target rate to 1.0%, and coordinated rate reductions by the Bank of England and the European Central Bank, as well as other major world-wide central banks, may start to ease the stranglehold gripping the worldwide credit markets. The London interbank offered rate (Libor), a critical interest rate against which trillions of dollars of mortgages, bank loans and derivatives are priced, dropped to 2.39% last week from a high of 4.82% on Oct. 10.

The prospect of President-elect Obama’s choosing a different means of attacking the credit crisis will be closely watched and, by itself, may create an air of confidence that perceptions will change. But changed perceptions will not be enough.

The truth about our economic outlook is that it is predicated on demonstrably better transparency. If U.S. banks follow the lead of their European counterparts, which have recently been freed from fair-value, mark-to-market accounting, and which may retroactively mark assets to “internal models” back to July, then balance-sheet clarity will continue to be cloaked in darkness. Lack of confidence in the banking system will persist, especially among the banks themselves. The first order of attack needs to be the creation of a fundamental leadership position that leads to an open, transparent and accountable measure of balance sheet assets and liabilities. As long as failing banks are being propped up, this cycle of credit contraction will persist.

The outlook for the economy is inextricably tied to the price of oil. The run-up of benchmark crude this summer to the record $145 a barrel level, and its subsequent fall to half that level, has wreaked havoc throughout the economy. Similarly, the run-up in commodity prices, and their subsequent fall, also has caused a lot of damage. Together, the dramatic rise and fall in the pricde of oil and other commodities is a harbinger of greater volatility in the future.

Follow the Money

Follow the money. Capital rapidly inflated the tech-stock bubble. When that bubble burst, capital flowed into and flooded the hard-asset world of real estate. When that bubble burst fast, speculative money dove into oil and commodities. When the U.S. and world economies looked weak, those bubbles burst. The looming threat of inflation this past summer instantly gave way after the drop of oil, gold, metals and agricultural commodities. And now, deflation is seen as the looming threat on the horizon.

Which threat should we worry about?

The answer is – both. The prospect for near-term deflation seems all too real. As raw material prices fall and finished good prices fall due to a lack of purchasing power resulting from lack of credit and world-wide recessionary fears, the U.S. consumer has fundamentally changed his or her collective psychology. Is U.S. consumerism, which is responsible for 70% of GDP, in full retreat? If it is, as all measures project, then it’s likely that government stimulus efforts will overshoot their intended mark.
Just look at what the United States has done already as it battles this financial crisis. It has:

• Handed out more than $150 billion in stimulus rebate checks.
• Floated a $700 billion financial bailout rescue plan – almost $160 billion of which has already been placed.
• Bailed out American International Group Inc. (AIG), to the tune of $125 billion.
• Covered JP Morgan Chase & Co.’s bet on taking over
  The Bear Stearns Cos. – to the tune of $29 billion.
• Looked to lend struggling automakers $25 billion.
• Agreed to guarantee depositors at all banks.
• Stepped in to buy commercial paper that no one else will buy.
• Guaranteed money-market-fund investors.
• And backstopped the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. (FDIC), Fannie Mae (FNM) and Freddie Mac (FRE).

And now we’re getting wind of another stimulus package and more help for everyone.

If, in six months to a year, the credit markets are facilitating borrowers again, the massive buildup of U.S. debt will result in a falling dollar and higher interest rates.

That spells inflation.

A massive re-inflation of the economy portends another flood of speculative money into oil and commodities. The cycles are increasingly condensed, more volatile and will be increasingly more disruptive.

Welcome to the brave new world of global finance and speculation.

The Federal Reserve’s balance sheet has ballooned from $900 billion to more than $1.8 trillion. That’s 13% of GDP. The Treasury Department has telegraphed its intention to float $550 billion of debt in the fourth quarter and estimates it will have to float another $368 billion in the first quarter of 2009. Our national debt will then be close to 49% of GDP.

If there is an easing of credit in the economy, and borrowers come to market with the pent-up demand that has not been met for the past year, the competition for funds will raise interest rates. Higher interest rates will counter any stimulus effect from government programs.

Who will buy U.S. Treasury debt if the world is less apprehensive about credit quality? Lenders will once again seek higher returns, potentially forcing the Treasury Department to increase its rates. The potential of this event may sink the dollar if investors perceive that the U.S. economy is stagnant and the world is awash in dollars. The yield curve – the spread between the Treasury’s two-year and the 10-year paper – has been steepening. A steepening yield curve, where short-term borrowing costs are low and long-term rates considerably higher, is good for banks that borrow short and lend long.

But if the perception of risk diminishes, and the perception of future inflation increases, the yield curve will invert and the threat of rising rates will cause a sell-off in the short end of the curve and a rush into longer-dated maturities. Any increase in short-term interest rates would be painful for struggling banks. An inverted yield curve would be devastating, and inevitably would lead to more bank failures.

Home on the Range …

At the core of the U.S. economy sits a desperately ailing piece of the mandala – the U.S. housing market. The once bright prospect of home ownership, which historically formed a beautiful economic picture, right now doesn’t exist. For most Americans, the family home constituted the bulk of their wealth. Or at least it did. And this family financial portrait will get worse before it gets better, since the real estate collapse is far from over. Goldman Sachs Group Inc. (GS), for instance, projects another 15% drop in housing prices.

I think that’s conservative. Mortgage rates are actually rising as Fannie and Freddie have to pay higher interest on their short-term notes and bonds. Thirty-year fixed-rate mortgage paper averaged 6.47% last week, up from its 52-week low of 5.36%. The 15-year fixed paper was trading at 6.18%, up from its 52-week low of 4.91% (based on Bankrate.com (RATE) rate surveys). This trend is definitely not our friend. As housing prices continue to fall, and inventories stagnate and grow in many areas, homeowners are increasingly underwater and are increasingly entertaining foreclosure as a viable economic alternative to indentured servitude.
The Hope for Homeowners Plan, which looks to lower interest rates and reduce principal on mortgages, and which makes homeowners pay a share of the appreciation on their home to their lender when they sell it, was initiated in October and was expected to garner some 400,000 takers. As of last week, according to The Wall Street Journal, there had been only 42 takers. That’s not a misprint – 42 – I even checked with The Journal.

In the real estate realm, the proverbial “other shoe” hasn’t dropped yet, but certainly is dangling – and that’s commercial real estate. As homeowners writhe in agony and stop spending, retailers will go out of business, businesses of all stripes will suffer and commercial real estate will implode. The leverage left over from just the private equity foray into commercial real estate in the acquisitive 2006-2007 period is staggering. Refinancing will be impossible. Banks are stuck with hundreds of billions of dollars of leveraged loans that they took on as bridge and mezzanine financing from the private-equity shops alone, at the time believing they would  be able to securitize those loans and sell them off to investors.

There’s no chance of that, now.

One deal in particular illustrates this entire mess.  Private equity behemoth The Blackstone Group LP (BX) took Hilton Hotels Corp. private for $26 billion. Blackstone put up $6 billion of its own money as equity and borrowed the other $20 billion from Bear Stearns, Bank of America Corp. (BAC), Deutsche Bank AG (DB), Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley (MS), Merrill Lynch & Co. Inc. (MER) and Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. (OTC: LEHMQ).

Based on a current analysis of the deal at the multiple of seven times projected cash flow that the market currently puts on Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide Inc. (HOT) -  Hilton’s nearest rival – if Blackstone values its property comparably, it will have to mark its Hilton holdings down 50%, because it paid 13 times projected cash flow. That wipes out all of Blackstone’s equity in the deal. What’s more, the $4 billion portion of the loan that Bear Stearns took on, courtesy of JP Morgan Chase casting off Bear’s orphaned liabilities, now sits on the Fed’s balance sheet – and isn’t likely to go anywhere anytime soon.

Until the real estate cycle completes its implosion and begins to stabilize, there’s nothing that will fundamentally alter the outlook for the economy. This is Ground Zero. President-elect Obama must resist creating only a political solution to the overwhelming economic problem of declining house prices and declining real estate prices in general. Any attempt to put a band aid on this economic plague will only delay the day of reckoning. I regret deeply the conclusion that the lake must be drained before we can realistically climb out of it. But there just aren’t enough ferrymen to get us all to shore.

Always a Silver Lining – My Forecast

The outlook for the economy is not rosy – and that’s an understatement. But there is a silver lining. Even in the near term, the stock market will present innumerable wealth-creation opportunities.

• First, there are plenty of shorting opportunities out there now, and more will present themselves in the future.
• Second, in due course – in perhaps 12-18 months – we will be presented with the investment opportunity of our generation. If President-elect Obama gets it right, and I believe he’s got the potential to bring us all together and get the country through this (and if you’re reading this Mr. President-elect, I’d like to put in my vote for [New York Fed President] Timothy Geithner as next U.S. treasury secretary), American companies will be able to be purchased so cheaply that fortunes will be made. The recovery will not only make us whole, it will make our people and our nation rich again.

I have absolutely no doubt that the United States will lead the world back into balance. The sea change that has arrived is the result of the conservative experiment having lost its true moorings, pushing the economy into disaster. Not that a wholesale swinging of the pendulum to the other side would be good. In fact, it would be disastrous. We have the potential to end up with a new, fair, transparent and judiciously regulated environment where capital formation can again spread its wings and the U.S. economy can fly.

There are new hands reaching into the colorful box of beads that comprise the American landscape and economy. From any human perspective, the United States is more than a microcosm of the universe; it is the center of the world as we know it. It will take time to construct the new mandala. We all need to meditate on the process to ensure that the design we embrace will ultimately be inclusive, forward-looking and – like all great art – an inspiration to all who view it.

For the U.S. Economy in the New Year, the Pain Will Precede the Promise

Editor’s Note: This is the second installment of a new series that looks at the global investing outlook for 2009.

This from Smart Profits Report:

‘Tis the season to… well, spend. And in a credit-oriented nation, Americans again proved that they do that better than the rest. The National Retail Federation (NRF) says 172 million consumers hit the malls or logged on to buy goods over the extended Thanksgiving weekend – a 17% jump from the same period in 2007. And ShopperTrak says “Black Friday” sales rose 3% to $10.6 billion over “B.F. 2007,” with the average consumer spending $372 – up 7.2% from a year ago.

Granted, a 3% sales rise isn’t spectacular, but it’s not terrible for a nation with a pathetic savings rate, a 3.7% year-over-year inflation rate in October, and 1.2 million job losses. I’m sure America’s battered banks are wondering exactly where these guys are getting their money from – and whether they can pay it back.

Retailers are doing their best to help – and potentially at their own expense…

The Retail Sector’s Vicious Cycle

Many still predict a rough time for retailers, with the NRF predicting a measly 2.2% rise in holiday shopping sales – the lowest since 2002. Retailers are compelled to offer eye-popping deals to cash-strapped consumers, but they can’t sustain the bargains forever, for risk of eroding their profit margins too much.

That could result in flat sales and profit growth, with some analysts suggesting that it could also lead to more bankruptcies, following electronics giant Circuit City, Linens n’ Things, and The Sharper Image. In turn, that could drive unemployment even higher.

Already, a major online trend is providing some clues…

When High Traffic Meets Falling Sales

The good news: Online traffic on “Cyber Monday” (the Monday following Thanksgiving, which traditionally kicks off the online shopping season) climbed by 10% over the same day in 2007, according to Pricegrabber.com. Other firms have also reported heavy activity, with Target (NYSE: TGT) expecting its web traffic to jump 40% this season.

The bad news: Online research firm comScore says web sales are down 4% so far this season and will remain the same as last year throughout the November-December compared at $29.2 billion. That’s prime evidence that deep discounts could squash profit margins. But essentially, retailers have little choice.

But what choices do investors have?

“It’s Wal-Mart Time”

A few weeks ago, my colleague Marc Lichtenfeld gave you three companies that could be set to buck the gloomy retail trend this season.

One of them was sector bellwether Wal-Mart (NYSE: WMT), whose CEO Lee Scott proudly proclaims, “It’s Wal-Mart time. This is the kind of environment that Sam Walton built this company for.”

He’s right. As consumers go all-out to dig up value, Wal-Mart is among those discount-oriented firms set up to not only weather this season’s storm, but to profit from it. Check out Marc’s article for more details, plus his thoughts on Kohl’s (NYSE:KSS) and Dollar Tree (Nasdaq: DLTR).

I’m going to throw another one into the mix – The TJX Companies (NYSE: TJX) – a company I actually highlighted here a year ago…

The Outlook For TJX

At the time, the stock traded around $28.50 and bounced to $32 by early February 2008, followed by a 52-week high of $37.52 in August.

Since then, however, shares have sunk back to the $20 area, as a combination of high oil prices at the time stifled consumer spending, while the U.S. dollar (the company also operates overseas, including Britain and Ireland), economy and stock market slumped.

Despite this, though, the firm reported a 4% and 3% sales rise in August and September respectively, compared with August-September 2007. That’s a testament to its business model – the company offers fashionable, quality goods (some of which it buys from other higher-end retailers’ excess inventory) at attractive prices.

However, total third quarter profit came in at $235.8 million ($0.54 per share), compared with $249.5 million ($0.54 per share) in Q3 2007 – a 5.5% drop, due to the negative economic climate and an exchange rate hit. Over the first nine months of 2008, though, TJX earned $629.9 million ($1.42 per share) over the $470.6 million ($1.00 per share) from January-September 2007.

TJX pegs fourth quarter EPS between $0.58 and $0.62 – lower than the $0.67 in Q4 2007 and the $0.72 estimates, but $2.07 to $2.11 per share in fiscal 2009, compared with $1.68 for this year.

Also, the company’s T.J. Maxx and Marshall’s stores could be prominent destinations for bargain-hunting shoppers this season. The fact that The Gap (NYSE:GPS) posted better than expected third quarter results could bode well for TJX. Other positive factors include the U.S. dollar strengthening a little and Card Activation Technologies settling its litigation against TJX.

Ultimately, fourth-quarter retail earnings will tell the full story of this holiday period

And while the overall gloom shrouding the retail sector could drag successful, bargain-oriented companies down with the pack in the short-term, provided their business models lure in discount-hungry consumers this season, they could end up having the final word.

Source: Tune Out The Retail Doomsayers… These Firms Could Bust This Season’s Trend

As the U.S. economy decelerates, pummeled by the aftershocks of the worldwide financial crisis, consumers have been hit from every direction: Unemployment has spiked, and will continue to rise, economy unwinds and continues to work through the aftershocks of the global credit crisis, consumers have been beset on all sides. Unemployment is up, home prices are down, and credit is hard to come by.

And although inflation is beginning to moderate somewhat – slowing to a pace of 3.7% year-over-year in October – it’s still well above the U.S. Federal Reserve’s desired target rate of 2.0%.

With rampant inflation no longer artificially propping up consumer spending figures, retail sales have really started to lose their luster. Sales figures are based on the value of goods sold – not the volume – so the recent decline commodity and energy prices will translate into a sharp decline in retail sales.

That decline will be dreadfully apparent in this year’s holiday sales, but it will also carry into 2009. The question, now, is how much worse consumer behavior will get.

“The great unknown is just how much lower can consumer spending go?” Piper Jaffray Cos. (PJC) analyst Jeff Klinefelter told Reuters. “With savings rates at historic lows and constraints on the availability of consumer credit, I just think there’s concern that the perfect storm is brewing.”

According to the Fed, a recession is already under way in the United States. Gross domestic product (GDP) shrank 0.5% in the third quarter, and the Fed predicts the economy will continue to contract in the first six months of 2009, and possibly beyond.

Tighter credit standards and lower home prices mean consumers have less of an ability to finance their purchases through debt. And even those with cash to spend are opting to save instead, as the economic outlook continues to dim. Would-be consumers are also scrambling to rebuild savings that were decimated by a bear market that has dragged the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index down more than 40% this year.

“We expect to see consumer spending to be flat before inflation,” Gus Faucher, chief U.S. economist with Moody’s Economy.com (MCO), told the Los Angles Times. That means once inflation is factored in, consumer spending will see a sharp decline in 2009, and retail sales will be left to twist in the wind.

Retail Laggards

According to a recent retail outlook report from Fitch Ratings Inc., personal consumption expenditures are projected to decline 1.6% in 2009.

A wave of consolidation and bankruptcies will spread through the retail sector as weaker chains fail and stronger brands shut down underperforming stores. Department stores and specialty stores will be hit especially hard, as consumers cut back on discretionary purchases in favor of staples.

Bankruptcies of stores such as Sharper Image Corp. (OTC: SHRPQ) and Circuit City Stores Inc. (OTC: CCTYQ) are having a negative effect on the sale of gift cards, which stores traditionally have counted on to boost sales after the holiday season. Gift card purchases are tallied when the card is redeemed, not when the card is purchased. In the past, the sale of gift cards have given New Year sales a healthy boost as gift card recipients go shopping after the holidays are over.

But consumers are wary of getting left holding onto worthless cards while bankruptcy courts decide how to divvy up assets.

For the 2007 holiday season, 70% of consumers purchased gift cards. This holiday season, just 40% of consumers are projected to go the gift card route. And that’s going to weigh down sales and profits for the 2009 first quarter.

“I think you will see a six-point drop in sales for those first three months,” C. Britt Beemer, chief executive officer of America’s Research Group and author of “The Customer Rules,” told CRM Magazine.

Troubles Beyond the Big Brick-and Mortar Stores

While the big chains are struggling and grabbing the bulk of the headlines, small business owners are barely getting by. That might not seem like a big deal if the stock market is your focus, but small-businesses are integral to the economy.

According to the Small Business Administration, businesses with less than 500 employees account for almost half of private-sector employment. A recent National Federation of Independent Business survey showed 15% of small business owners anticipate layoffs in 2009, which will put even more strain on an already weak U.S. labor market.

And small business layoffs mean slower sales for big box stores like Best Buy Co. Inc. (BBY) and Target Corp. (TGT) as another wave of unemployed workers grapple with lost income.

Online retailers are starting to feel the pinch, too. Web sales have been one of the fastest growing retail sectors for years, but popular sites such as Zappos.com Inc., the No. 1 online shoe retailer, and QVC Inc., which sells online and on television, have each announced layoffs, as well as declining sales.

Amazon.com Inc. (AMZN), the top online retailer, also is struggling. Amazon’s stock is down 55% year-to-date, and the outlook is grim.

“[Amazon is] seeing a slowdown in their business that shouldn’t really shock anybody,” Jeffrey Matthews, a general partner at hedge fund Ram Partners LP in Greenwich, Conn., told Bloomberg. “They sell books. They sell movies. They sell blenders. They don’t sell magic potions or the fountain of youth.”

Retail’s Bright Spots

There are a few retailers that – while they don’t sell magic potions or the fountain of youth – have managed to position themselves as offering more value for the money, which has allowed them to buck this downward spiral in consumer spending have managed to buck dismal consumer spending. And that focus on value will continue in 2009.

The best example of this value exception is the world’s largest retailer: Wal-Mart Stores Inc. (WMT).

“This is Wal-Mart time,” Chief Executive Officer H. Lee Scott Jr. told Wall Street analysts during an Oct. 27 presentation at company headquarters in Bentonville, Ark., BusinessWeek reported. “This is the kind of environment that Sam Walton built this company for.”

The economic slump has found Wal-Mart returning to the basic strategies that the late founder made famous. The retail titan has given up on the brand-name designer strategy of competitors such as Target and Kohl’s Corp. (KSS) to offer rock-bottom prices on hundreds of consumer staples.

That bodes well, as consumers will continue to stretch household budgets and consolidate trips to save on gas.

“It is a great time to be Wal-Mart,” Howard Davidowitz, chairman of Davidowitz & Associates, told Bloomberg News. “It sells everything you need cheap.”

Stores like Wal-Mart, that can capitalize on this new value-seeking behavior will be able to turn a profit even in this bleak retail environment. And those that can’t, will be bought out or disappear.

Source: Retail Sales to Suffer in 2009 as U.S. Consumers Curtail Spending

Editor’s Note: This is the seventh installment of our “Outlook 2009” series, which is detailing the global investing outlook for 2009.

This from Smart Profits Report:

Stating that the retail sector has suffered a bombardment of bad news the last few months is like saying the Atlantic Ocean is wet.

My colleague Paul Moore wrote an excellent piece on Tuesday, detailing Circuit City’s (NYSE:CC) problems. Let me first say that I agree with Paul on Circuit City and that its woes are company-specific and a result of poor management, rather than a sector wide problem.

While we may not see bankruptcies springing up everywhere, expect this holiday season to be a bloodbath for retailers.

Let’s look at what this year’s crucial shopping season has in store – and of course, the best ways to profit…

A Shift In American Shopping Philosophy

“Shop ‘Till You Drop.”

No sooner have many Americans digested their Thanksgiving turkey and got over the tryptophan-induced grogginess and bloating than they rush out to the mall, with this rallying cry ringing in their ears.

The most important factor in trying to forecast retail sales is income. And because we’re not a nation of savers, if Americans are making money, they’re usually spending it soon afterwards.

The problem right now, though, is this: Because the country has endured a widespread slump, Americans are starting to change the way they think. They’re fearful about their incomes.

Average consumers have already cut back on their spending, and will likely tighten their wallets even more as we head deeper into this overarching bear market. And with good reason, too…

The Stats Paint An Ugly Picture

• On Wednesday, Fidelity Investments started the process of laying off 1,300 workers.
• Chicago Mayor Richard Daley said Wednesday that CEOs who do business in Chicago have warned him that mass layoffs are coming this month and in December – with more on the way next year.
• According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, over 235,000 people lost their jobs in 2,269 mass layoff events, which are described as layoffs involving at least 50 people in a single action.  This was the highest total since 2001.
• Job losses on Wall Street alone are expected to total at least 45,000.

On top of that, initial jobless claims are at the highest level in eight years and we’ve got an unemployment rate of 6.5% – a figure not seen since 1994.

Those figures alone spell trouble for the retail sector, but when people suggest those numbers could climb into the double-digits, well… you can imagine the misery that would ensue.

Simply put, people are just plain scared. Retail is enduring a double-whammy. On one hand, it’s suffering because people are already getting laid off and don’t have the income to buy flat-screen TV and iPods. And following swiftly behind it is the very significant issue that existing workers, mindful of the ugly trend, are worried that the next swing of the axe will hit them.

In other words, it’s bad right now and likely to get worse. One of the biggest casualties of the whole affair will doubtlessly be the retail sector, as it gets pounded like a veal scaloppini.

Your Christmas Stock Shopping List Should Include These Three Retailers

Since the market hit the skids, I’ve been a big advocate of compiling stock watchlists to keep on your radar. That way, when it’s time to pull the trigger, you’ll have all the resources and information right there at your fingertips. All you’ll need to do is take a deep breath and fire.

So, with that happier thought in mind, here are some retailers you might want to start thinking about:

~ Kohl’s (NYSE: KSS)

Kohl’s is in an excellent position to take advantage of the bankruptcies of competitors such as Mervyns. According to Toronto-based Thomas Weisel Partners, Kohl’s has picked up 20% of Mervyn’s market share in areas where Mervyns had to exit.

Since Mervyns plans on closing another 149 stores in California, that gives Kohl’s even more room to maneuver, which should provide a holiday boost.

~ Wal-Mart (NYSE: WMT)

There’s no doubt that Wal-Mart’s core demographic is feeling the pinch in this economy, with little leeway to buy new televisions and other extravagances.

However, while they can easily cast aside those extras, they still need necessities such as food and clothing – areas where Wal-Mart excels because of its lower prices.

And speaking of lower prices, you’re likely to see Wal-Mart attracting new customers these days, too. Gone are the good old days when you could just stroll into Coach and treat yourself to a new purse or briefcase. Luxuries like that are off the table for now, so Wal-Mart options are looking better and better to many people.

As CEO Lee Scott states: “Wal-Mart has momentum as we move into the fourth quarter. At a time when our customer is feeling the pressure of a tough economy, Wal-Mart’s price leadership is more important than ever.”

One caveat, though. Despite blowing third-quarter estimates away, with profits rising 10%, Wal-Mart has trimmed its fourth-quarter profit outlook, due to economic concerns.

~ Dollar Tree (Nasdaq:DLTR)

Not surprisingly, Dollar Tree shares are up significantly this year. In fact, the company boasts the best margins in the business right now. It chalked up double-digit earnings growth over the past two quarters and consumer traffic is increasing. The stock is trading at just 1.09 times its expected 14% growth rate. We don’t advocate shoplifting, but this is a steal.

… And A Happy New Year

The retail picture isn’t pretty. But it’s not completely ruined.

There will be a time when it will be right to get back in to stocks like Whole Foods (Nasdaq:WFMI) and Tiffany’s (NYSE:TIF). And that time will be before the economy is showing signs of recovery.

Why? Because we want to buy them cheaply when nobody else wants them. But we still have time before that occurs. In the meantime, concentrate your efforts on the companies like the ones I mentioned above – ones that should thrive and emerge stronger because of the hardship.

Source: Grandma Got Run Over By A Reindeer: How You Can Profit From The Retail Sector Bloodbath This Holiday Season

This from Money Morning:

If there’s a proverb that captures the outlook for the U.S. economy in the New Year, it’s the one that says: “It’s always darkest before the dawn.”

Regardless of any formal announcement of whether or not the United States drops into an actual recession, the ongoing credit crisis guarantees a contraction of the American economy by virtually every measure we know. That period of darkness will be marked by a dramatic slowdown in economic activity, as well as by rising unemployment, additional declines in U.S. stock prices, and constant volatility. It could last as long as 12-18 months.

But when the dawn does come, it will be one to remember. If U.S. President-elect Barack Obama gets it right – and I have every reason to believe that he will – then investors will be presented with the greatest investment opportunity of our generation. At that point, shares of American companies will be at such low levels that wholesale buying by individuals, mutual funds, pension funds, institutional money managers, and foreign-controlled sovereign wealth funds, will generate gains that will not only make us whole, they will make us rich once again.

The Recipe for a Recession

Whether or not the United States is technically in a recession ultimately will be divined by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). The business-cycle dating committee of this privately run, nonprofit economic research group is right now studying five factors in an attempt to determine if the United States has entered a recession and, if so, when that downturn started, MarketWatch.com reported. Those five factors are:

• Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
• Industrial production.
• Employment
• Income.
• Retail sales.

Regardless of any formal announcement by the NBER of whether we’re in a recession, the credit crisis guarantees a general contraction of economic activity, by every measure.

“Any doubt that we’re officially in a recession can be put aside,” Anthony Karydakis, former chief U.S. economist for JPMorgan Asset Management (NYSE:JPM) – and now a professor at New York University’s Stern School of Business – recently wrote in Fortune magazine. “The rapid deterioration of labor markets points to a sharp decline in hours worked and output in the fourth quarter. This is likely to lead to a decline in personal consumption to the tune of 5.0% or so for that period. Since [consumer spending] makes up about 70% of the economy, the stage has already been set for real GDP to shrink at a more than 4.0% rate in the fourth quarter.”

Confirmation of that belief is evident by looking at each of the NBER’s five key indicators.

• Gross Domestic Product (GDP): The U.S. Commerce Department estimated that the U.S. economy, as measured by GDP, rose 0.9% in the first quarter. In the second quarter, GDP advanced an estimated 2.8%. For the third quarter, GDP declined an estimated 0.3%. My own econometric models suggest that GDP actually contracted at a 1.5% pace in the third quarter and will decline another 2.75% in the fourth quarter. For the year, that would mean the U.S. economy actually fell 0.55%. The U.S. economy last posted a full year’s negative GDP in 1991, when it declined 0.2%. Verdict: Recession.
• Industrial Production: This measure of output by the nation’s factories and mines dropped 2.8% in September, and a very steep 6.0% in the third quarter. Verdict: Recession.
• Employment: The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics announced Friday that October’s unemployment rate was 6.5%, a jump of 0.4%, which was double what most economists expected, and also its highest level in 14 years. The economy has now lost a total of 1.2 million jobs since the beginning of the year, with nearly half of those losses occurring in the last three months alone, pointing to an acceleration in the pace of erosion in labor markets. Karydakis, the Stern School professor, wrote in Fortune: “By way of comparison, during the 2001 recession and in the sluggish growth that followed in 2002-03, the unemployment rate reached a peak of only 6.3%, in June 2003. We’ve already exceeded that mark and, given that we are still in the early phase of the current recession, the unemployment rate should be expected to push toward the 7.5% range – and possibly higher – during the next three months to six months.” Verdict: Recession.
• Income: Personal income increased $24.5 billion, or 0.2%, and disposable personal income (DPI) increased $25.7 billion, or 0.2%, in September. Personal consumption expenditures (PCE) decreased $33.6 billion, or 0.3%. Excluding the rebate payments made to U.S. taxpayers under the Economic Stimulus Act of 2008, DPI increased $30.3 billion, or 0.3%, in September, and increased $44.0 billion, or 0.4%, in August. Verdict: Too close to call.
• Retail Sales: October retail sales are coming in well below already-diminished expectations, and some reports have been downright depressing – including The Neiman Marcus Group Inc. -26.8%; The Gap Inc. (NYSE:GPS) –16%; The Nordstrom Group (NYSE:JWN) -15.7%; J.C. Penny Co. Inc. (NYSE:JCP) -13%; Kohl’s Corp. (NYSE:KSS) -9%;  Ltd. Brands Inc. (NYSE:LTD) -9%; Target Corp. Inc. (NYSE:TGT) -4.8%; and Wal-Mart Stores Inc. (NYSE:WMT) +2.4%. In a report last week, Moody’s Investors Service (NYSE:MCO) projected that the retail sector’s woes will continue into 2009 as consumers cut back on buying apparel, footwear and accessories “in order to save money for essentials.” The credit rating firm said in a separate report that holiday spending “will prove even weaker than expected,” amid October’s financial-market swoon. Verdict: Recession.

If U.S. exports are taken out of the GDP calculations going back to January, it’s apparent that there has been very little domestic growth in the economy. And when revisions are finalized in the next few months, we’ll be looking back at the recession that we’re all but certain is upon us right now. Until the credit markets are freed up and borrowers are extended credit at reasonable rates, it’s unlikely that credit, the centerpiece of the economy, will be anything other than a major cog in the wheel.

There are some signs of a thaw, but not anytime soon. The U.S. Federal Reserve’s lowering of the Fed Funds target rate to 1.0%, and coordinated rate reductions by the Bank of England and the European Central Bank, as well as other major world-wide central banks, may start to ease the stranglehold gripping the worldwide credit markets. The London interbank offered rate (Libor), a critical interest rate against which trillions of dollars of mortgages, bank loans and derivatives are priced, dropped to 2.39% last week from a high of 4.82% on Oct. 10.

The prospect of President-elect Obama’s choosing a different means of attacking the credit crisis will be closely watched and, by itself, may create an air of confidence that perceptions will change. But changed perceptions will not be enough.
The truth about our economic outlook is that it is predicated on demonstrably better transparency. If U.S. banks follow the lead of their European counterparts, which have recently been freed from fair-value, mark-to-market accounting, and which may retroactively mark assets to “internal models” back to July, then balance-sheet clarity will continue to be cloaked in darkness. Lack of confidence in the banking system will persist, especially among the banks themselves. The first order of attack needs to be the creation of a fundamental leadership position that leads to an open, transparent and accountable measure of balance sheet assets and liabilities. As long as failing banks are being propped up, this cycle of credit contraction will persist.

The outlook for the economy is inextricably tied to the price of oil. The run-up of benchmark crude this summer to the record $145 a barrel level, and its subsequent fall to half that level, has wreaked havoc throughout the economy. Similarly, the run-up in commodity prices, and their subsequent fall, also has caused a lot of damage. Together, the dramatic rise and fall in the pricde of oil and other commodities is a harbinger of greater volatility in the future.

Follow the Money

Follow the money. Capital rapidly inflated the tech-stock bubble. When that bubble burst, capital flowed into and flooded the hard-asset world of real estate. When that bubble burst fast, speculative money dove into oil and commodities. When the U.S. and world economies looked weak, those bubbles burst. The looming threat of inflation this past summer instantly gave way after the drop of oil, gold, metals and agricultural commodities. And now, deflation is seen as the looming threat on the horizon.

Which threat should we worry about?

The answer is – both. The prospect for near-term deflation seems all too real. As raw material prices fall and finished good prices fall due to a lack of purchasing power resulting from lack of credit and world-wide recessionary fears, the U.S. consumer has fundamentally changed his or her collective psychology. Is U.S. consumerism, which is responsible for 70% of GDP, in full retreat? If it is, as all measures project, then it’s likely that government stimulus efforts will overshoot their intended mark.
Just look at what the United States has done already as it battles this financial crisis. It has:

• Handed out more than $150 billion in stimulus rebate checks.
• Floated a $700 billion financial bailout rescue plan – almost $160 billion of which has already been placed.
• Bailed out American International Group Inc. (AIG), to the tune of $125 billion.
• Covered JP Morgan Chase & Co.’s bet on taking over The Bear Stearns Cos. – to the tune of $29 billion.
• Looked to lend struggling automakers $25 billion.
• Agreed to guarantee depositors at all banks.
• Stepped in to buy commercial paper that no one else will buy.
• Guaranteed money-market-fund investors.
• And backstopped the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. (FDIC), Fannie Mae (FNM) and Freddie Mac (FRE).

And now we’re getting wind of another stimulus package and more help for everyone.

If, in six months to a year, the credit markets are facilitating borrowers again, the massive buildup of U.S. debt will result in a falling dollar and higher interest rates.

That spells inflation.

A massive re-inflation of the economy portends another flood of speculative money into oil and commodities. The cycles are increasingly condensed, more volatile and will be increasingly more disruptive.

Welcome to the brave new world of global finance and speculation.

The Federal Reserve’s balance sheet has ballooned from $900 billion to more than $1.8 trillion. That’s 13% of GDP. The Treasury Department has telegraphed its intention to float $550 billion of debt in the fourth quarter and estimates it will have to float another $368 billion in the first quarter of 2009. Our national debt will then be close to 49% of GDP.

If there is an easing of credit in the economy, and borrowers come to market with the pent-up demand that has not been met for the past year, the competition for funds will raise interest rates. Higher interest rates will counter any stimulus effect from government programs.

Who will buy U.S. Treasury debt if the world is less apprehensive about credit quality? Lenders will once again seek higher returns, potentially forcing the Treasury Department to increase its rates. The potential of this event may sink the dollar if investors perceive that the U.S. economy is stagnant and the world is awash in dollars. The yield curve – the spread between the Treasury’s two-year and the 10-year paper – has been steepening. A steepening yield curve, where short-term borrowing costs are low and long-term rates considerably higher, is good for banks that borrow short and lend long.

But if the perception of risk diminishes, and the perception of future inflation increases, the yield curve will invert and the threat of rising rates will cause a sell-off in the short end of the curve and a rush into longer-dated maturities. Any increase in short-term interest rates would be painful for struggling banks. An inverted yield curve would be devastating, and inevitably would lead to more bank failures.

Always a Silver Lining – My Forecast

The outlook for the economy is not rosy – and that’s an understatement. But there is a silver lining. Even in the near term, the stock market will present innumerable wealth-creation opportunities.

• First, there are plenty of shorting opportunities out there now, and more will present themselves in the future.
• Second, in due course – in perhaps 12-18 months – we will be presented with the investment opportunity of our generation. If President-elect Obama gets it right, and I believe he’s got the potential to bring us all together and get the country through this (and if you’re reading this Mr. President-elect, I’d like to put in my vote for [New York Fed President] Timothy Geithner as next U.S. treasury secretary), American companies will be able to be purchased so cheaply that fortunes will be made. The recovery will not only make us whole, it will make our people and our nation rich again.

I have absolutely no doubt that the United States will lead the world back into balance. The sea change that has arrived is the result of the conservative experiment having lost its true moorings, pushing the economy into disaster. Not that a wholesale swinging of the pendulum to the other side would be good. In fact, it would be disastrous. We have the potential to end up with a new, fair, transparent and judiciously regulated environment where capital formation can again spread its wings and the U.S. economy can fly.

There are new hands reaching into the colorful box of beads that comprise the American landscape and economy. From any human perspective, the United States is more than a microcosm of the universe; it is the center of the world as we know it. It will take time to construct the new mandala. We all need to meditate on the process to ensure that the design we embrace will ultimately be inclusive, forward-looking and – like all great art – an inspiration to all who view it.

PS. This is a cut-down version of the original Money Morning article, which can be read by clikcing the link below.

Source: For the U.S. Economy in the New Year, the Pain Will Precede the Promise