Unfortunately – at a time when consumers can’t afford a wallet drain – retail gasoline prices across the United States have risen to $2.55 a gallon on average, and over $3.00 a gallon in places like California.

As you drive by the gas station and see the now familiar price changes – sometimes by the hour – you might wonder what’s really affecting the price you pay…

Investors, of course, want to know if there’s a good way to play the price moves. Let’s take a look at the two biggest drivers of oil prices and ways you can play its movements.

Oil Prices Rise As Production Costs Vary Widely

As with any natural resource we use, crude oil has costs associated with its production that are relatively clear, but nonetheless can vary widely.

Those variations come about almost entirely based on where the oil is. Since we’ve been using the black goo for nearly 100 years, it stands to reason that most of the easy, cheap oil deposits have already been found.

Taking a look at the costs to even find the stuff:

• You’ll find deep-water exploration is far more expensive than land-based exploration. You need a sizeable exploration vessel, capable of operating in some of the world’s angriest oceans for months at a time.It has to be equipped with highly sophisticated instrumentation and software to be able to “see” potential crude oil deposits as deep as seven miles below the surface of the ocean. You also need a crew of mechanics to keep it all working, and petroleum engineers and geologists to interpret the data.
• Land-based exploration – on the other hand – can be done from a well-equipped van, by one or two petroleum geologists.Then there’s production costs: land based oil is cheap to drill for. Land-based drills can fit on the back of a few tractor-trailers and can be torn down, moved and setup at a new location with relative ease. In addition, it’s much less expensive to extract.

Land based production is definitely preferred. Unfortunately it’s not where the big new finds are made.

As you go offshore into deep water, things get expensive fast: deep-water extraction is a financially losing proposition with prices anywhere below $75 to$80 a barrel, compared to as little as $25 to$30 a barrel for some land-based deposits.

But exploration isn’t the only cost of crude oil. Refining, transportation and taxes make up the remaining cost of what you pay at the pump. And that’s really just the start of what we pay for gas…

The Other Price Drivers: It’s Not Always What You Think

When crude oil prices spiked to $147 a barrel, there was no question that speculation played a significant role in getting it there. But speculation also played a role it getting it to $38 a barrel, too.

In the end, for oil and just about everything else, it all comes down to supply and demand. We’re in a recession, and demand continues to slacken. OPEC’s response has been to cut supply, with the thought that – everything else being equal – prices would eventually stabilize at some level.

But everything else isn’t equal: The Federal government has been dumping cash into the financial system at unprecedented levels. It’s caused the dollar to drop in value with respect to other world currencies and with respect to gold.

Since oil on all the world markets is priced in dollars, its price rises as the value of the dollar declines. It’s one of the reasons many oil-producing countries have suggested that the price of oil be tied to a basket of currencies instead of just to the dollar.

Unfortunately, there aren’t any other currencies that are as abundant or – more importantly – strong enough to handle the sheer volume of the transactions that occur daily in the oil market.

So we have demand and supply destruction in a race downward here in the United States that’s kept oil inventories high – up until a few weeks ago. Add to that steadily rising demand coming from emerging markets around the world. Throw a declining dollar into the mix and stir.

The result is rising oil prices – in all likelihood heading to $80 a barrel or possibly even higher by the end of the year.

Three Ways to Play the Pickup in Crude Oil Prices

As for investing in crude oil, here are three ways to get long in oil and one way to short it:

• Certainly one of the big drillers like TransOcean (NYSE: RIG) is a great long-term play on rising oil prices, as their shares closely mirror the rise and fall of the commodity itself. Shares of the drillers have been absolutely punished, and TransOcean is off nearly 50% from its 52-week high.
• The United States Oil Fund LP (NYSE: USO) is an ETF designed to track West Texas Intermediate (light, sweet crude oil) prices. The fund invests in futures contracts for crude, heating oil, gasoline and other petroleum-based fuels.
• If you don’t mind some potential added volatility, PowerShares DB Crude Oil Double Long ETN (NYSE: DXO) is a long-leveraged Exchange Traded Note available to investors. It’s designed to track the performance of certain crude oil futures contracts, plus the returns from investing in three-month Treasuries.
• But if you’re a bit more active in your trading, or if you feel oil is ready for a pullback, you might consider a short approach. PowerShares DB Crude Oil Double Short ETN (NYSE: DTO) is designed to do just the opposite of DXO if you feel that our current rally in oil prices is overdone.For the reasons above, I don’t believe that’s the direction we’re going, but I think DTO is one of the better ways to play a short approach to oil.

Any way you play it, you need to be aware that there are many factors that can affect oil’s price, and by extension, any investments you have that are tied to it. Keeping an eye on the biggest drivers of these prices will give you a leg up on the average investor.

Good investing,

David Fessler

Source: Rising Oil Prices: Here’s Four Ways to Play Crude Oil

This from Money Morning:

Many investors have given up on oil, fearing that a fall from grace precludes a rise in price from the ashes. But it’s worth noting that the oil markets are right now in a rare state of  ’super contango,’ which suggests that the markets expect far higher prices by next year.

Here’s what you need to know.

In case you’re not familiar with the term, ‘contango‘ denotes a normal and very specific condition associated with futures contracts in which the price of oil for distant delivery months from now exceeds the price of oil being traded right now on the spot market. Typically, the price difference is related to the cost of storing and insuring the oil itself.

An example might help. On Tuesday, oil traded at $38.81 a barrel on the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX) spot market. So if we bought a barrel and put it into storage for the next five months, and assumed that would cost us 90 cents per barrel per month, under normal market conditions, we’d expect the June crude oil contracts to be priced roughly at $43.31 ($38.81+ the cost of storage for five months = $43.31).

However, according to the New York Mercantile Exchange, June crude oil contracts settled at $52.14 on Tuesday, which represents a state of ’super contango’ – and an excess potential profit of $8.83 per barrel ($52.14 – $43.31 = Excess Potential Profit of $8.83). But only for traders who can buy oil now and store it until then.

There are obviously wrinkles, of course, depending on where the oil is stored and how it is priced for delivery. But, in general, the spreads we’re seeing now are at, or near, their highest levels since April 2004, when the government started collecting Cushing data. Cushing is the delivery point for all NYMEX futures.

Super contango is a rare situation that causes most traders to drool – myself included – because it signals an arbitrage opportunity that’s literally too good to pass up if you’ve got the means to capitalize on it.

But, as usual, there are all sorts of unanticipated consequences – including a phenomenon we don’t see very often – hoarding at sea.

Tanker rates are skyrocketing as companies literally top off very large crude carriers with the 2 million gallons they’re designed to carry – and then park them offshore until prices rise. In the meantime, they’re also selling the June futures and locking in profits above and beyond what it costs them to buy and store their stash of this ‘black gold.’

Of course, with every tanker that’s stuffed to the gills as a storage container, there’s fewer of the big boats in circulation. And that’s caused benchmark supertanker rental rates to rise more than 56% since Jan. 1. But the perceived profit potential is so high right now, that even investment banks, which are hardly in the market for super tanker rentals under normal circumstances, are getting into the game.

According to recent reports by Bloomberg News, Phibro LLC, the commodities trading arm for Citigroup Inc. (C), has booked two supertankers to hoard crude oil supplies. Phibro recently stationed the 1-million-barrel carrier ‘Ice Transporter’ off the coast of Scotland and the ‘Ashna’ waits patiently on the U.S. Gulf Coast. Assuming they capture the entire $8.83 a barrel in excess profits we cited in our example, that’s a cool $8.8 million in the bank, just from the Ice Transporter cargo alone.

Based on my experience, traders tend to run in packs, so it’s highly likely that all the usual suspects are involved including most notably Morgan Stanley (MS), which owns half of tanker group operator Heidmar Inc. and Goldman Sachs Group Inc. (GS), which executes commodities trades and structures related deals through J. Aron & Co.

As many as 80 million barrels of crude are being stored at sea around the globe, according to Frontline Ltd. (FRO), the world’s largest owner of supertankers. That’s nearly enough to supply the entire world’s demand for a day.

As for what caused the super contango, the most common and widely accepted argument is that falling global demand has caused a current glut in supply that will be rectified by production cuts by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) later this year. That’s certainly plausible and there is no shortage of data to support this contention.

‘That’s really what they’re betting on,’ said Opportunities in Options‘ Paul Forchione, a veteran trader with 30 years in the commodities markets. ‘A significantly higher price for the deferred contract month in excess of storage and insurance costs typically means traders expect demand to grow in the future.’

In his experience, Forchione said that ‘this situation is hardly the panacea that everybody thinks it is because it’s hard to put a limit on how far out of whack prices can get.’

However, there’s also another plausible explanation that seems entirely likely, based on conversations I’ve had with traders, officials and company officers in the oil business all around the world.

Basically, the super contango we’re seeing now could suggest that future pricing is as much about the fear of supply interruption as it is about present demand dropping. And that’s entirely logical given the constant state of warfare in the Middle East, threatened production in Africa, an unsteady South America, and China, which is structuring oil-supply deals with rogue nations as fast as it can.

I know from having addressed crowds of investors all over the world that this seems impossible, but at a time when China and India, for instance, are doing everything they can to stave off a global recession, it’s certainly not inconceivable. Moreover, if this is even remotely true, as a growing trail of evidence suggests, then the present super contango could also imply that traders believe oil will be increasingly hard to find, refine and transport in the months ahead. That, too, suggests higher prices to come

Now for the million-dollar question: What can investors do about it?

The most obvious choice for investors who think prices will indeed be higher come next June is to buy any of the half dozen oil-related ETFs. That includes The United States Oil Fund LP (NYSE:USO) or iPath S&P GSCI Crude Oil Total Return ETF (NYSE:OIL).

The problem, of course, is that the spreads companies are counting on for profits could drop rapidly between now and then. This would force companies currently hoarding oil to begin dumping it, thereby reinforcing even lower prices going forward. There is also the possibility that OPEC production cuts never happen, or are ineffective, which would also point to lower prices.

History suggests that far safer bets include mid-process transportation companies like TeeKay Corp. (NYSE:TK) or land-based alternatives like Kinder Morgan Energy Partners LP (NYSE:KMP). Both pay healthy dividends that can help stave off a personal recession no matter what happens with oil prices. That’s always important in rough markets.

For futures-savvy investors, there’s an even more direct bet. Data shows that ‘mean reversions’ are particularly powerful phenomena when it comes to commodities, so the fact that spreads have risen to all-time highs suggests that it’s only a matter of time before they reverse. One way to potentially capture that would be to buy March futures while selling June futures.

Risk management is paramount, regardless of which path investors choose. Super contango sounds to good to be true and we all know the old adage: If it sounds too good to be true …

Source: Contango Isn’t A Dance In Argentina: It is a Shot at Windfall Profits

To find that answer, let’s look at a chart of Light Crude Oil ($WTIC).

The most obvious thing to note here is just how bad oil’s downtrend has been. But that doesn’t mean that prices can’t move higher.

But calling a bottom isn’t easy. Many a fortune has been lost by people attempting to call a bottom. So to avoid as much risk as possible, you need to look for something called a confirmation point.

A confirmation point is any point on the chart (usually a resistance line) that tells you that a trend has really formed and it’s time to ride it.

In the chart of oil, I noticed a possible ‘Reverse Head and Shoulders’ pattern in formation. This is a bullish formation. But for this pattern to work, you have to wait for the price of the equity to rise above its shoulder lines.

In the case of oil, that’s about $53 a barrel.

In other words, you should only become a buyer IF and ONLY if the price of light-crude pops above $53 a barrel.

Until then, enjoy the low gas prices. They could drop even further.

This from Fleet Street Invest:

Israeli tanks have just rolled into Gaza…Almost three thousand miles away, Nigerian separatist blew-up an oil pipeline over the weekend…Meanwhile, Russia is locked in a dispute over the price of gas with Ukraine. Today they stopped deliveries of natural gas to Ukraine, Turkey and Europe to force the Ukrainians to pay up…

While fears about political instability drive the price of oil back up again, the OPEC oil barons are tightening the screws on global oil supplies…Oil was trading at just $35 per barrel on Christmas Eve. It’s over $50 this morning. That’s a 40% gain in just two weeks. And you can bet that it is going to go a lot higher. In fact, it could easily rise another 70% by the end of this year.

Investing in oil right now could turn out to be the trade of the year. And you can thank the OPEC oil cartel for that.

A Christmas present from the OPEC oil lords

OPEC has agreed to slash its daily oil output by 4.2 million barrels per day since September. That should have sent the price of oil soaring right away. But it kept falling instead because the market didn’t believe they would actually deliver those cuts. You see, the cartel has cried wolf too often in the past, promising cuts that it didn’t deliver on.

But this time things really are different. The massive fall in the oil price threatened to destabilise the economies of the oil exporting countries. And that directly threatened the political position of regimes that run these countries.

So the OPEC oil barons are deadly serious about driving the price of oil back-up. And there is clear evidence that they’re slashing output sharply.

In October, a barrel of the lower quality “heavy” crude that most OPEC countries produce traded for about $4 less than a barrel of high quality “light” crude. Most of the light crude is produced by non-OPEC countries. Right now, it is only about 40 cents cheaper. That shows how quickly OPEC has reduced supply. And the market is set to get a lot tighter in the month ahead as OPEC keeps cutting production.

Investing in oil right now is one of the smartest trades you make this year. The International Energy Agency predicts that oil will rebound to $85 per barrel this year. That’s a 70% gain on where it is now.

This is the time to invest in oil

We stayed out of investing in oil companies as the oil price soared to unrealistic levels in the first half of 2008. But that has totally changed. The price of oil has now fallen 66% from its peak last summer. And it is now unrealistically cheap.

The big question for investors is how to profit from this. You could invest in the big oil companies like Shell and BP . They are trading at very reasonable valuations right now of about five times last year’s earnings. These aren’t bad investments right now.

But these companies have a big problem. They’re finding it harder to replace their oil reserves. Increasingly, the big oil producing countries are handing over their oil reserves to their state-owned oil companies. That leaves the private oil companies to fight over the scraps.

That will hit the giant oil companies the hardest. Because they would have to make a truly major oil discovery to make a big difference to the size of their reserves. And the chances of that happening are going to get smaller in the years ahead.

Then there are the junior oil companies. A significant oil discovery can send their stock prices soaring. Triple digit gains when that happens aren’t uncommon. But many of them are in a bad way right now. Oil exploration is an expensive business. So the combination of lower oil prices and the freeze in banking lending is hitting them hard.

The potential profit from investing in a small cap oil company that strikes oil can be huge. But so are the risks. I doubt that many of the oil companies with less than $1 billion in market value are going to survive this downturn. So this isn’t a gamble that I would take.

Instead, on my Profit Hunter investment service, we have focussed on the mid-sized oil companies. These companies have the financial strength to get through this downturn. But they are still small enough to benefit massively from new oil discoveries. This is where the real money is going to be made in the next oil bull run.

Source: Get In On The Trade Of The Year

This from Taipan Daily:

Key Energy Services (NYSE:KEG) is the largest rig-based well service company in the world.

You could say the main job for a company like Key is to “keep the oil & gas flowing.” Once a well is drilled, that well has to be maintained and serviced throughout its life. This is what Key does.

It’s a great business because you always have clients and you always get paid. The world is not going to give up its oil and gas addiction any time soon… and as long as we need fossil fuels, we’ll need companies like Key.

Being the largest well service company in the world, Key also has one of the most attractive client rosters in the world. The company’s client list is populated with blue-chip names like BP, ExxonMobil, ConocoPhillips, and others.

Key’s operations are primarily in the U.S., but the company is also expanding in energy-rich places like Russia and Mexico. The rising trend of NOCs – nationalized oil and gas companies – is good news for a player like Key.

While oil rich governments are happy to take over the means of production and shut out the oil majors, it’s often the case that the host country is short on technology and expertise. So they invite in savvy outsiders like Key to come service the wells (and to provide other high-margin services on the side while they’re at it, like equipment rental).

An Undisputed Market Leader

It’s also important to note that Key Energy Services is the undisputed market leader in its field. In a challenging oil and gas environment like the one we’re now in, being the market leader carries a number of advantages. For example:

Key has a higher class of customer due to its focus on top-notch service, training and equipment (and its willingness to invest in all three areas). Because Key’s customer base runs more to the “big boys” – supermajors, large independents and so on – Key is less likely than smaller competitors to take a revenue hit from reduced customer spending.

Key is able to charge a premium for its services because of its position as a market leader (and reputation for quality levels above and beyond the competition).

Key’s balance sheet is secure; the company’s long-term debt doesn’t mature until 2012, and cash levels and credit lines are healthy. This is a BIG edge in comparison to Key’s smaller competitors, many of whom are seeing their liquidity dry up.

Key Energy Services has a little bit of leverage on its balance sheet – long-term debt closes in on $600 million – but that’s forgivable because the debt has years to maturity, and as a well service company, Key’s cash flow comes in like clockwork.

Key’s Powerful Growth Rate

One of the truly unbelievable things about Key right now is the valuation. As of this writing, Key trades for 3.73 times earnings.

This is amazing because of the powerful growth rate Key has booked in recent years. The slide below is from a recent Key presentation at the 2008 Bank of America Energy Conference.

As the chart shows, Key has kept up a better than 15% compound annual growth rate (CAGR) for the past four to five years. If that pace continues, revenues will double in the next five years. And even if Key’s growth rate were to fall by half, revenues would still double in a decade. Higher revenues mean fatter profit margins for a well service company like Key, by way of cost efficiencies and greater operating leverage.

And yet, in spite of all that, Key now trades for three to five times earnings due to the panic. Three to five times earnings!

That means somebody with a big enough chunk of cash (or the right financing) could hypothetically buy this healthy, vital, steadily growing, blue-chip-plated business for a song… and have the earnings stream pay for their whole purchase in three to five years!

For a rock-solid business with steady cash flow and blue-chip customers, that kind of value is unheard of.

The only reason we are seeing opportunities like this is because small investors are panicked and the big institutions are tapped out. All the asset managers who would normally be backing up the truck for companies like Key have instead been forced into a defensive crouch.

These types of bargains won’t last forever. When sanity returns to markets and oil resumes its long-term rising uptrend (as it certainly will do), Key could again become a $20 stock. That would be a more than 300% gain from today’s levels.

Action to take: Buy Key Energy Services (NYSE:KEG) up to $6 per share.

PS. This is the first of a five-part free report “Five Stocks To Grow Rich On” from the Taipan Publishing Group. Follow the link below to find out more.

Source: A Deep Well Of Profits

This from Money Morning:

Oil prices have fallen 70% since hitting a record $147.27 a barrel in July, which means in just five months, crude has given up all the price gains it made in the past four years.

After such a wrenching plunge, many analysts believe the outlook for the “black gold” remains bleak – and in the short term it certainly is. In the long run, however, dwindling supplies, resurgent demand, and a lack of investment will cause crude oil to double, triple, or even quintuple in price over the next few years.

In fact, the Paris-based International Energy Agency (IEA) – energy advisor to 28 industrialized nations – says oil will rise to $100 a barrel by 2015, as a result of a major “supply crunch,” and will ultimately soar to $200 a barrel.

But before it does, prices are likely to sink even further, perhaps falling as low as $20 a barrel in the first quarter of the New Year.

Indeed, much of Wall Street expects oil prices to average about $50 a barrel in 2009. Some of the firms and their specific forecasts include:

• Deutsche Bank AG (DB, which says oil prices will average $47.50 for all of next year.
• Merrill Lynch & Co. Inc. (MER), which predicts that prices will average $50 even.
• Moody’s Investors Service (MCO) also says crude will average $50 a barrel in 2009, but says that average will increase to $55 a barrel for 2010.
• Goldman Sachs Group Inc. (NYSE:GS) is slightly more bearish, predicting that prices will average $45 for all of next year – after falling as low as $30 in the 2009 first quarter. (It’s worth noting that Goldman – just five months ago – predicted oil prices would hit $200 a barrel in 2009).

But analysts also agree on something else: When the recessionary tide finally recedes, all of the factors that drove oil to its record high last summer will once again be exposed, and crude again will again soar to record highs.

“We may see prices drop lower – into the twenties, even – but there’s a better-than-average chance that they’ll be back over $70 a barrel by the end of next year,” says Money Morning Investment Director Keith Fitz-Gerald. “That’s where firms like Goldman and Merrill are getting all of these ‘middle-of-the road,’ $50-a-barrel estimates. And it’s why investors who buy in through the first quarter could enjoy compelling returns at the end of the year.”

In the meantime, however, low oil prices are crimping investment in new capacity, a reality that will lead to much higher prices down the road.

Just ask the IEA.

IEA: Rising Demand + Lack of Investment = ‘Supply Crunch’

According to widely respected energy advisor, global oil demand will slide 0.2%, or 200,000 barrels per day (bpd), this year, falling to an average of 85.8 million bpd. But the IEA also says that oil demand will advance by an annual average of 1.6% between 2006 and 2030.

The bottom line: Regardless of any short-term pullback, daily demand will rise from the current level of 86 million barrels to 106 million barrels in 2030. In other words, daily demand in 2030 will be 23%.

To meet that demand, the agency estimates that the world needs $26.3 trillion in supply-side investments over the next 21 years.

China, India and other developing countries, alone, will need investments of $360 billion a year through 2030, the agency said.

About 7 million bpd of additional capacity needs to be added to the market by 2015. And right now – because of marketplace changes – the financial incentives to make that happen just don’t exist.

Exploration costs have more than quadrupled since 2000, as oil producers have been forced to take on more complex projects, and the costs of both labor and materials have skyrocketed. At the same time, the steep drop in oil prices has put even more pressure on energy companies to curtail their investments rather than increase them.

Earlier this year, for instance, ConocoPhillips (NYSE:COP) and Saudi Arabia Investment Co. (ARAMCO) were forced to postpone bidding on the construction of a 400,000 bpd export refinery at the Yanbu Industrial City.

“We see and hear about energy investments being delayed … this is a major worry and could lead to a supply crunch and much higher oil prices than we’ve seen before,” said Fatih Birol, the IEA’s chief economist.

The IEA predicts that, by 2015, a lack of investment and rising demand will create a “supply crunch” – that will once again send oil prices up into the triple digits.

“There remains a real risk that under-investment will cause an oil supply crunch in that time frame,” the IEA said in an executive summary of its “2008 World Energy Outlook.” “The gap between what is currently being built and what will be needed to keep pace with demand is set to widen sharply after 2010.”

The agency predicts that crude will average more than $100 a barrel from 2008 to 2015 and rise above $200 a barrel by 2030, as demand far outpaces supply.

“While the situation facing the world is critical, it is vital we keep our eye on the medium to long-term target of a sustainable energy future,” Nobuo Tanaka, the Paris-based agency’s executive director, told reporters in London. “While market imbalances will feed instability, the era of cheap oil is over.”

While it’s probably true that the “era of cheap oil” is in our rearview mirror, a new question has arisen: Just how high do oil prices go?

According to some analysts, the IEA’s target price of $200 a barrel is far too conservative.

$500 Oil?

The lack of exploration and development is certainly a problem. But a much bigger issue is the fact that output from the world’s existing oil fields has sharply declined.

“The future rate of decline in output from producing oilfields as they mature is the single most important determinant of the amount of new capacity that will need to be built globally to meet demand,” the IEA says.

And output from the world’s oilfields is declining faster than previously thought.

In its “2007 World Energy Outlook,” the IEA estimated that output from the world’s existing oilfields was declining by 3.7% a year. But in its latest report, published in November, the IEA revised that estimate to an annual decline of 6.7%. (The November report was based on the first major study of the world’s 800 largest oil fields.)

Unfortunately, the IEA is behind the curve.

For nearly a decade, Matthew R. Simmons has said that the world’s oil production was nearing – or already at – an “inflection point.” While his book “Twilight in the Desert: The Coming Saudi Oil Shock and the World Economy,” was scoffed at when it was originally published back in 2005, Simmons is now viewed as perhaps the preeminent expert on the so-called “peak oil” movement.

“Like most people who ignore conventional wisdom, he was scoffed at, ridiculed, and denied,” commodities guru Jim Rogers told Fortune magazine. “And now, of course, people are starting to say, ‘Oh, well, I thought of that.’”

Simmons, chairman of the Houston-based investment bank Simmons & Co. International, poured through hundreds of technical documents submitted by Saudi oil geologists to the Society of Petroleum Engineers over the past 50 years.

“I finished reading the last paper on a Sunday afternoon,” Simmons told Fortune, “and I sat back and thought, ‘Holy crap, this is unbelievable. I’ve just discovered the biggest energy illusion ever in the world. We’re in big trouble. I’m going to write a book.’ ”

Much of the alleged Saudi Arabia subterfuge has to do with a complete lack of transparency with respect to the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. After OPEC decided to base its production quotas on reserve figures in the 1980s, several of the cartel’s producers suddenly raised their levels of  “proven reserves” by 40% or more.

Back in 1988, for instance, Saudi Arabia raised its proven-reserve figure from 170 billion barrels to about 260 billion barrels. That figure has remained more or less constant since then, despite the fact that billions of barrels of oil have been pumped out of the ground.

“Saudi Arabia has announced for 20 years in a row that they have 260 billion barrels of oil in reserve,” Rogers told Money Morning during an exclusive interview in Singapore recently.  “It’s astonishing.  The figure never goes up and it never goes down.  They have produced dozens of millions – billions – of dollars of oil in that period of time.

“Every oil country in the world has declining reserves except Saudi Arabia,” Rogers said. “And I know that every oil company has declining reserves.  So unless somebody discovers a lot of oil very quickly in very accessible areas, the surprise is going to be how high the price stays, and how high it goes.”

Simmons thinks oil prices could hit $300 a barrel – and could possibly even surge as high as $500 a barrel – during the next several years.

“Black Gold” Profit Plays

When it comes to investing, the oil sector poses some very clear risks, especially given the murky near-term outlook. However, there are a number of large-cap integrated oil companies that may offer some truly compelling values at current prices.

Exxon Mobil Corp. (NYSE:XOM) and Chevron Corp. (NYSE:CVX) are currently trading at multi-year lows, making them exceptionally cheap in both relative and absolute terms. These companies also have strong balance sheets (Exxon is “AAA”- rated and has more cash on its balance sheet than debt), generate strong cash flows, and have traditionally increased their dividends on a regular basis.

Chevron was actually recommended as a “Buy” by Money Morning Contributing Editor Horacio Marquez in his “Buy, Sell or Hold” column earlier this year.

“Chevron is the kind of company that is capable of continuing to post large profits – propelling its share higher from current levels – even if oil-and-gas prices were to drop from current levels over the next three years,” Marquez said. “That’s because Chevron’s business is well cushioned, since refining, marketing and chemicals margins would expand dramatically if market ‘spot’ prices were to decline. Also, the company’s production is poised to expand strongly and Chevron uses some selective hedging that works very well in downside oil markets.”

Offshore drillers, particularly those capable of drilling in the deepest waters, also offer value at current levels. Petroleo Brasileiro (ADR:PBR), also known as Petrobras, is particularly appealing, as it recently discovered one of the largest offshore oil fields on earth off the coast of Rio de Janeiro. Known as Carioca, the field could hold 33 billion barrels of oil and gas, making the world’s largest discovery in at least 32 years.

Fitz-Gerald, the Money Morning investment director, suggests investors look at China National Offshore Oil Corporation, or CNOOC Ltd. (ADR:CEO). The Hong Kong-based company recently got approval for a $29 billion exploration project in the South China Sea. The company expects to produce 50 million tons of oil equivalent per year from that region during the next 10-20 years. That would equal the production of China’s biggest project, the Daqing Oil Field.

Petrobras and CNOOC are also attractive because, as foreign companies, they will also get a boost from any devaluation in the U.S. dollar.

All of these companies have been hit hard by the combination of commodity-price weakness and credit market turmoil. But these operators do not require peak-cycle commodity prices to generate stellar results and have little or no credit-market exposure.

For a more direct play on oil prices, you might also try an exchange-traded fund (ETF), such as the United States Oil Fund LP (NYSE:USO), the iPath S&P GSCI Crude Oil Total Return Fund (NYSE:OIL), or the United States Gasoline Fund LP (NYSE:UGA).

Source: Why Crude Oil Will Present Investors With A Golden Opportunity In 2009

This from The Sovereign Society:

The oil industry is a tricky business.

I know. I was a well-site geologist for many years. Just like the stock market, sometimes the best-looking prospects are your worst duds and those you were not too sure about gush profits.

It’s a gamble, but one that can pay off big if you’re right. But what if you’re wrong? Well in the old days it was watch out below… but now, I know of a strategy that can insure against some of your losses.

I call it “PPS” and it has helped me out many times in the past. Let me explain…

Right now I’m looking again at the oil, gas and the service industry. They’ve been beaten up pretty badly. As the price of oil has dropped from $147 a barrel to below $40 last week, any company that is even remotely associated with the industry has seen it share price tumble.

The major oil companies like ExxonMobil (NYSE:XOM), Chevron (NYSE:CVX) and ConocoPhillips (NYSE:COP) have seen their stock prices pull back as much as 50% from their 52-week highs. Schlumberger (NYSE:SLB), which traded as high as $111.95 this year, is now at $41.91. Baker Hughes (NYSE:BHI) down from $90 to $30 and Transocean (NYSE:RIG) has fallen from $163 all the way down to $55.

These are great companies in great industries. And no matter the environmentalists want you to believe, they won’t be going away for a long, long time.

They have war chests full of profits from the recent run-up in oil prices. They don’t need much outside financing and can wait out the economy. They’ll invest in themselves just as they’ve always done. They’ll push the limits of technology and invest in people.

And if President elect Obama has his way, and I believe he will, then we’re also going to see massive infrastructure construction projects begin next year. As we put people back to work, as money again begins to flow oil prices should begin to drift higher.

So if you want to profit as the industry turns up you should look at the iShares Dow Jones US Oil & Gas Index ETF (NYSE:IEO) and the HOLDRS Oil Services ETF (NYSE:OIH). These two ETFs will give you broad exposure across the industry.

Then to protect your downside I suggest you look at my “PPS” or Protective Put Strategy. Using this strategy, you’re going to buy one put for every 100 shares of these ETF’s. Now, to keep your cost down look to buy in the nearest month or two and look at the put options about 20% below your share purchase price.

As an example – if the HOLDRS Oil Services (OIH) were trading at about $70 per share like it was today and I was going to use this strategy I would buy 100 shares of OIH and then immediately buy an OIH protective put. I would buy the Jan OIH 55 symbol OIDMK for about $2.35.

This strategy cost a little more then just buying the long position but I’ll tell you, do it and you will sleep better at night. It’s the same as paying $72.35 for the shares and if they take off (like I think they might) the extra $2.35 becomes almost irrelevant…but if I’m wrong I’ve covered my assets.

Source: Striking it rich on Oil…without getting Burned

This from Sovereign Society:

The time to start building fresh positions in oil, gold, silver and TIPs has arrived. Even distressed real estate should be accumulated if credit can be secured.

Over the next 6-12 months the United States, Europeans, Japanese and Chinese will eventually arrest deflation. And long before that materializes, hard assets will begin a major reversal following months of crippling losses.

Since peaking in July, the entire gamut of inflation assets has collapsed amid a growing threat of deflation or an environment of accelerated price declines. The last deflation in the United States occurred in the 1930s, purging household balance sheets, corporations, states, municipalities and even the government following two New Deals.

Thus far, U.S. CPI or the consumer price index has not turned negative year-over-year. Yet as oil prices continue to lose altitude and other commodities have been crushed, input costs and price pressures continue to decline dramatically since October. The only major component of CPI that continues to post modest year-over-year gains is wages. And with unemployment now rising aggressively this quarter it’s highly likely wage demands will also come to a screeching halt.

Plunging Bond Yields Discount Danger

In the span of just six months, foreign currencies (except the yen), commodities, stocks, non-Treasury debt, real estate and art have all declined sharply in value in the worst panic-related sell-off in decades. More than $10 trillion dollars’ worth of asset value has been lost worldwide in 2008.

What’s working since July? U.S. Treasury bonds and the U.S. dollar as investors scramble for safety and liquidity.

On December 5, 30-day and 60-day T-bills yielded just 0.01% – the lowest since the 1930s while the benchmark 10-year T-bond traded below 2.55% – its lowest yield since Eisenhower was president in 1955. Even 30-year bonds have surged as the yield recently dropped below 3% for the first time in more than four decades.

The market is now pricing a severe recession and – possibly – another Great Depression. Despite a series of formidable regular market interventions by central banks since August 2007, the credit crisis is still alive and kicking. The authorities have not won the battle …at least not yet.

Heightened inter-bank lending rates, soaring credit default swaps for sovereign government debt and plunging Treasury yields all confirm that the primary trend is still deflation.

To be sure, credit markets worldwide have improved markedly since the dark days of early October. Investment-grade corporate debt is rallying, commercial-paper is flowing again and companies are starting to issue debt once more – but only the highest and most liquid of companies. For the most part, banks are still hoarding cash and borrowers can’t obtain credit.

The real economy is now feeling the bite as consumption falls off a cliff, foreclosures soar and the unemployment rate surges higher. These primary trends are deflationary as broad consumption is severely curtailed, with consumers preparing for the worst economy since 1981 and rebuilding devastated household balance sheets.

But at some point over the next 12 months, the market might transition from outright deflation or negative consumer prices to some sort of disinflation or at least an environment of stable prices. That’s when inflation assets should start rallying again.

Inflate or Die: The Name of the Game in 2009

The battle now being waged by global central banks, including the Federal Reserve is an outright attack on deflation. Through the massive expansion of credit, the Fed and her overseas colleagues are on course to print money like there’s no tomorrow to finance bulging fiscal spending plans, bailouts, tax cuts and anything else that helps to alleviate economic stress.

Earlier in November, the Fed announced it would target “quantitative easing” and “monetization,” unorthodox monetary policy tools rarely or never used in the post-WW II era.

Without getting too technical, the term “quantitative easing” means the Fed will act as the buyer of last resort to monetize Treasury debt and other government agency paper in an attempt to bring interest rates down. Quantitative easing aims to flood the financial system with liquidity and absorb excess cash through monetization or purchasing of government securities.

Through monetary policy, the Fed controls short-term lending rates but cannot influence long-term rates that are largely set by the markets; the Fed now hopes it can influence long-term rates through quantitative easing. And since its announcement two weeks ago, long-term fixed mortgage rates have declined sharply.

These and other open market operations directed by the Fed and Treasury will eventually arrest the broad-based deflation engulfing asset prices. It will take time. Inflation is the desired goal and is the preferred evil to deflation, a monetary phenomenon that threatens to destroy or seriously compromise the financial system. Policy-makers have studied the Great Depression, including Fed Chairman Bernanke, and the consequences of failed central bank and government intervention in times of severe economic duress are unthinkable.

Ravenous Monetary Expansion

According to Federal Reserve Board data, the Fed is now embarking on a spectacular expansion of credit unseen in the history of modern financial markets.

The total amount of Federal Reserve bank credit has increased from $800 billion dollars to $2.2 trillion dollars (or from 6% to 15% of gross domestic product) as the central bank expands its various liquidity facilities in an attempt to preserve normal functioning of the financial system.

The Fed’s ongoing operations to arrest falling prices are targeted namely at housing – the epicenter of this financial crisis. It is highly unlikely that the United States economy will bottom until housing prices find a floor. Quantitative easing hopes to stabilize this market.

Buy Gold Now

Relative to other assets in 2008, gold prices have declined far less. The ongoing liquidity squeeze has forced investors to dump assets, including gold to raise dollars. I suspect this short-term phenomenon will end in 2009 once the ongoing panic subsides and credit markets become largely functional again.

Gold should be accumulated now ahead of market stabilization. As the financial system gradually comes back to life over the next several months or sooner, the dollar should commence another period of weakness; there will be little incentive to hold dollars with short-term rates at or close to zero percent. The Fed will be in no hurry to raise lending rates.

Still, the Japanese experience in the 1990s warns investors of the travails of long-term deflation.

The Japanese, unlike the United States, only started to seriously attack falling prices in the economy in 1998 through massive fiscal spending. In contrast, the U.S. is already throwing everything at the crisis after just 17 months.

I expect the United States to print its way out of misery and, over time, and conquer deflation. But the cost will be humungous and at the expense of the dollar, U.S. financial hegemony and calls for a new monetary system anchored by gold.

It’s literally “inflate or die” for global central banks. Inflation will win.

Source:  Inflation on “Sale” as Deflation Dominates Global Markets

The vomit approach continues at the Treasury. This time their throwing up historically low mortgages on the wall… just to see if they stick. The U.S. Treasury is considering a proposal to offer new mortgages at 4.5% through Fannie Mae (NYSE:FNM) and Freddie Mac (NYSE:FRE). That’s a point and a half lower than the silly “free market” says it should be.

Should this mortgage plan come to pass, we note that the U.S. government would be manipulating prices in almost every major market.

They are now the dominant force in commercial paper. They are propping Libor through the Fed’s multitrillion-dollar lending facilities. And through equity purchases in the TARP, they’ve inflated shares of nearly every bank engaged in the mortgage-backed security trade — the very stocks the market hates the most.

Maybe the Treasury should take a page from Franklin Roosevelt and just announce a closing price for the S&P 500 every day. FDR reportedly fixed the dollar price of gold every morning over breakfast… that is, until he tired of the practice in 1933 and just declared the yellow metal an illicit commodity, illegal for Americans to privately own.

“You can add the bond market to that list,” notes Dan Denning. “The Fed is systematically decimating the yield on U.S. government bonds and notes. It is blitzkrieging its way through the U.S. yield curve, buying, or threatening to buy, U.S. bonds and notes in order to lower rates.

“Don’t believe it? Bloomberg reports that the yield on 90-day Treasuries is 0.01%, while 10-year U.S. notes yield 2.66%. Both yields, as you can see on the chart below from the Dallas Fed, are down.

“By buying up securities with different maturities, the Fed lowers interest rates. Investors crowd in looking for safety and, of course, rising prices. But what is the Fed really up to? Is it really trying drive interest rates on government bonds so low that savers, and, more importantly, banks, begin to loan out some of their excess reserves, or, better yet, use them to buy distressed assets from each other.

“If you want to use a military metaphor, the Fed is dropping big rocks on safe houses from its EZ Money helicopter battleship. One basis point at a time, it is methodically destroying any rational reason for investment advisers to put their clients in Treasuries.

“So if you’re not going to be in ultra-safe Treasuries, because they are really no better than cash, then what will you do with your money? You have to do something with it. You will spend it. Or invest it.”

Thanks to the recent Treasury-assisted plunge in mortgage rates, mortgage applications soared 112% last week compared with the week before. According to the latest from the Mortgage Bankers Association, rates fell to an average 5.4% last week, about 50 bps lower than the week before.

Judging by news emanating from the Treasury, this trend is likely to continue.

Major indexes in the U.S. enjoyed a wild ride Wednesday. Despite all the dire economic data we reported yesterday, the Dow ended up with a nice gain of 172 points, or 2%. The S&P 500 and Nasdaq fared even better, up 2.5% and 3%, respectively.

Indexes were down, with about 1.5% losses, but then turned around after the Fed released its latest “Beige Book.” Traders must have seen something we didn’t… our eyes were drawn to statements like:

• “Overall economic activity weakened across all Federal Reserve districts”
• The manufacturing outlook is pessimistic, as activity “declined noticeably”
• “Retailers were preparing for a relatively slow holiday sales season”
• “District reports generally described labor market conditions as weakening.”

Perhaps this is a sign of a temporary bear market bottom… a Beige Book like this would send stocks to the woodshed in any other market.

Harvard’s endowment fund reported this week it lost 22% from July to end of October. That’s $8 billion down the drain. Only six other colleges in the U.S. have a total endowment greater than Harvard’s recent loss.

Harvard officials say the loss is likely higher, as the totals don’t include “hard-to-value assets” like real estate and private equity deals. The endowment also told The Wall Street Journal they are planning for 30% net losses by June 2009.

AT&T (NYSE:T), DuPont, Viacom (NYSE:VIA.B), Credit Suisse (NYSE:CS), Adobe (NASDAQ:ADBE) and Merck (NYSE:MRK) all announced deep job cuts this morning. Between the six companies, another 28,450 jobs will be shed.

Yet… three out of four men engaged in a friendly game of tennis this morning in Baltimore, Md., believe the “bottom is in” for stocks. Two of the men work for money management firms in town. Another is getting shellacked in the crabbing business. The fourth is an editor and publisher of financial newsletters. Guess who thinks we have another couple legs down?

One of the nation’s leading 401(k) stewards wants you to think the bottom is in, too. We received this nifty graphic from Fidelity this week. The subject line of the message was enthusiastically titled “U.S. Stocks Often Rebound During Recessions”

“Stocks are cheap,” bond king Bill Gross opined in his latest investment outlook, “when valued within the context of a financed-based economy once dominated by leverage, cheap financing and even lower corporate tax rates. That world, however, is in our past, not our future. More regulation, lower leverage, higher taxes and a lack of entrepreneurial testosterone are what we must get used to — that and a government checkbook that allows for healing, but crowds the private sector into an awkward and less-productive corner…

“We are now morphing toward a world where the government fist is being substituted for the invisible hand; where regulation trumps Wild West capitalism; and where corporate profits are no longer a function of leverage, cheap financing and the rather mindless ability to make a deal with other people’s money.”

What’s Gross buying? He’s quite biased in this regard, but we’ll still pass his advice along: “Better to own corporate bonds than corporate stocks.”

The dollar and gold have been relatively quiet over the last 24 hours. The dollar index remains at a lofty score of 79 today, while gold still goes for roughly $770 an ounce.

In the oil patch, light sweet crude remains at $46 a barrel, despite yesterday’s rally in equities.

“The oil company BP (NYSE:BP),” notes Byron King, “has booked the Eagle Vienna, a supertanker capable of storing around 2 million barrels of crude oil.

“BP intends to use the tanker to store North Sea oil at sea and to sail it to an anchorage in the Gulf of Mexico. In other words, BP appears to be wagering that it can get a higher price for oil by holding stocks, rather than selling now.

“BP’s action brings the total volume of booked storage to at least 12 million barrels controlled by oil firms and traders. This is about 15% of one day of world oil demand. By leasing tankers for storage, BP — along with Shell (NYSE:RDS.A / RDS.B) — is betting that the cost of hiring vessels at the current depressed rates will be less than the gains to be had from waiting for an eventual upturn in crude prices.”

“I believe that you are being cavalier,” writes a reader, “and much too harsh on the reader who suggested pegging a federal tax on gasoline to uphold a certain price level. This country does not plan, it only reacts. Look at the green projects canceled or on hold now due to the low price of oil. Even oil exploration and development projects are on hold.

“There is no way to stimulate free market alternative fuels research and production if the market price of gasoline sinks below a certain point. People respond to pain. Fuel economy is the result of pain in the pocketbook; and the capital of entrepreneurs goes where it is appreciated. Did no one learn anything from the ’70s oil crisis?

“I don’t expect that you would remember the 1970s because you probably were still pissing in a diaper at that point.”

The 5: Nice. At least in the ’70s they were still teaching civility to little kids. Although it would appear they must have skipped the generation before us.

“Thank you for your snarky responses,” writes in yet another, “to readers espousing the benefits of taxation and communism in today’s edition. We need to beat the apologists back with a stick and take back capitalism so that this country can truly thrive. Additional taxation and regulation, which is where we are heading, is not the answer. Long live free markets with unfettered risk and reward. And if you know where I can find such an economic utopia, let me know where it is!”

“Your response yesterday to a reader,” says the last, “was right on point — the same point was made many years ago by Einstein — but in a few less words: “The problems we face today cannot be solved by the minds that created them.”

“Reading comments from your readers,” writes another, “makes me wonder what the dissenting subscribers to your great services are looking for. The minute the status quo — increasing returns on the ‘market,’ housing bubble, easy credit, etc. — changes, they cry for more regulation. If I’ve learned anything in damn near 60 years on this orb, it’s the more a thing is regulated, the more it diminishes in functionality.

“In a totally ‘free market,’ if one will ever exist, surely, there will be charlatans, fakers and humbuggers trying to take advantage of the uninformed and witless. Hence, the rub. If we are more informed and keep our wits about us, the riff-raff will be less successful in the efforts to separate us from our hard-earned assets. At the risk of sounding like more esteemed members of your organization, I say, ‘Let the whole thing crash’ The survivors will be stronger and the system of trade, trust and communication that results might actually work, long term.

“Keep preaching the gospel of ‘Agorism.’ There are more of us acting in support of the gospel than you may realize.”

Hallelujah,

Addison Wiggin,
The 5 Min. Forecast

Source: Mortgage Manipulation, Bond Market Truth, Are Stocks Cheap? and More!

This from Rude Awakening:

The IEA estimates that the oil industry will have to invest over $350 billion per year to counter the steep rates of decline in output. And even that will not be sufficient to maintain levels of output for traditional forms of crude oil. Thus, much of the future investment will have to go toward extracting other kinds of hydrocarbon substances. And these “other kinds” tend to be very expensive to develop.

There are many different kinds of hydrocarbon molecules in the world. The total worldwide carbon base actually adds up to a very big number, and that is NOT including the carbon that is part of the current living biology of the planet. For now I’m just discussing the fossilized carbon like oil, natural gas, bitumen in tar sands, oil shale and coal.

The big problem for the non-oil forms of carbon is the cost of converting it into a viable fuel. We see that, for example, in the Canadian tar sands projects. Lots of steel, concrete, labor, machinery, water and energy input — all to extract this thick, gunky crud that has to be upgraded to something that looks like diesel fuel.

The tar sands are full of hydrocarbons, but they are not inexpensive to extract. The same goes for every other non-convention hydrocarbon source.

The nearby chart shows the total hydrocarbon resources in the world and the relative costs to convert them into a barrel of oil or oil equivalent. This is my summary, based on several different government and academic compilations:

These are big numbers, right? And they can supply a lot of energy over a long time…at a price. But that price will almost certainly be more than $60 a barrel…much more.

Source: $60 Oil…And Why it Won’t Last