Gary lives in one of Iowa’s most productive farming counties. He helps local farmers sell their harvest using the futures and options markets in Chicago. He also makes million-dollar speculations of his own.

Gary really knows the “ag” markets. He used to be the head stock buyer in a cattle yard, he’s traded ag commodities every day for the past 40 years, and he spends all day talking with farmers.

The last time I met Gary – in November 2006 – he told me this:

“Corn is going to $5 a bushel, up from its current price of $3.33. Soybeans are going to $9, from their current $6.45. And Iowa farmland is a bargain at $5,000 an acre.”

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Today, corn is $6 a bushel, soybeans are $13, and prime Iowa farmland is $10,000 an acre.

Back then, it was obvious grain prices had to rise. They were too cheap, and with the ethanol boom in full swing, it was plain to see corn and soybean prices would rise. Now it’s not so clear…

Gary says a bad crop could send corn to $10. But that’s not likely. The farmers are planting their fields right now, and Gary thinks there’s going to be a big crop this year. That could push grain prices down.

Gary wouldn’t predict a fall or a rise in the grain markets. He can’t know the future. But he did tell me he had sold all the grain production from his own farm, locking in corn prices at $5.80 and soybean prices at $12.80.

While it isn’t clear what’s going to happen to the grains… Gary said hog and cattle prices have to rise. Here’s why:

A knife is made out of steel. The knifemaker simply turns a raw material into a more expensive “value added” product. The hog and cattle farmer does the same thing. Corn is the raw material. Hogs and cows are a value-added corn product. Think of livestock as corn bins with four legs.

When steel prices rise, the knifemaker has to raise his knife prices or he’ll go out of business. Farmers haven’t been able to raise hog and cattle prices. Years of cheap corn have built up large inventories of meat.

Now the hog and cattle farmers are going out of business. Soon there’s going to be a shortage and prices will rise. “There’s going to be drastically higher meat prices when all this washes out,” Gary said.

To invest directly in hog and cattle prices, you have three choices: You could make friends with a farmer and ask him to buy livestock for you. You could open a futures trading account and buy live hog or feeder cattle futures. (Prices are volatile. Make sure you use plenty of margin and retain a broker who knows the agriculture markets well.)

Finally, you can buy a publicly traded meatpacker like Tyson, Hormel, or Smithfield. But be careful… other “corporate” variables may influence the prices of these stocks and ruin the trade, even if livestock prices rise.

Good investing,

Tom Dyson