So it follows that as worldwide demand for electricity skyrockets – as it will – the shares of companies that provide these two key fuels also will take flight.

And they make for almost-perfect partners.

That’s because coal represents the world’s short-term solution to the problem of a rapidly climbing global demand for power. It’s plentiful, it’s cheaper than other available alternatives, and a big percentage of the world’s power plants are set up to burn this fossil fuel.

Uranium, on the other hand, represents the long-term solution to potential fuel shortages – and it offers a solution to global warming, to boot. Uranium-powered commercial nuclear plants are cheap to operate, can run a long time, and when operated correctly cause little pollution.

The New ‘Black Gold’

India, a growing economic and industrial power, relies on coal for nearly 70% of its total energy supply. And the World Coal Institute expects India’s energy consumption to rise by as much as 8% to 10% annually through 2020.

Coal also is used to satisfy the Red Dragon’s energy appetite, providing 78% of China’s total power needs. Coal demand in China jumped nearly 9% last year – meaning the Eastern power now accounts for a full quarter of the world’s annual coal consumption, The Wall Street Journal reported.

Five years ago, China exported 83 million metric tons more coal than it imported. But last year, the nation’s surplus dropped to a meager 2 million metric tons. That means more than 80 million metric tons of coal (about 12% of the internationally traded market) has been taken out of global circulation.

Vic Svec, a senior executive at Peabody Energy Corp. (BTU), the world’s largest private-sector coal producer, referred to China’s ability to influence the price of commodities as a “butterfly effect.” In other words, Svec told The Journal, “demand from Beijing can ripple back to Queensland, Australia, or Gillette, Wyoming.”

Svec’s right. China’s recent development is part of the reason the highly desirable low-sulfur coal from the coal-laden Powder River Basin in Wyoming and Montana has climbed from less than $10 a ton last year, to nearly $15 a ton – a price gain of 50%.

Central Appalachian coal, the benchmark grade widely used by power plants, jumped from $40 a ton in early 2007, to nearly $90 a ton now, according to a recent report by the Associated Press. That’s price increase of 125% in just a single year.

Meanwhile, the weekly index for power station coal prices at Australia’s Newcastle port, a benchmark for the Asian market, averaged $126.45 per metric ton in the month of April, up nearly 40% from January. The port’s weekly price index rose to $133.63 per metric ton for the week ended May 9 – an 11-week high according to the globalCOAL NEWC Index. The index is up approximately 49% this year.

According to the Energy Information Administration, world coal consumption could expand by 74% from 2004 to 2030. And that will only drive prices higher.

While demand for coal is at an all-time high, the same can’t be said for coal supplies. Harsh weather conditions and infrastructure constraints in coal-producing regions have severely crimped supplies.

In South Africa, power shortages and flooding have closed down several key mines. With such setbacks, the price of coal coming out of South Africa’s Richards Bay Coal Terminal, the world’s largest, jumped nearly 90% last year.

Xstrata PLC, the world’s biggest exporter of power-station coal, said that first-quarter coal output fell 3.6% after floods and rain delays diminished supplies from Australian mines. Monsoon rains throughout the region also impacted archrivals Rio Tinto PLC (RTP), and BHP Billiton Ltd. (BHP).

Meanwhile, China, a leading producer and consumer, was devastated just a few months ago by the worst blizzard of the past half-century. Three weeks of snowfall killed at least 60 people and cost the country approximately $7.5 billion.

China had already closed a multitude of coalmines in 2007, after they were deemed unsafe. The subsequent weather problems only exacerbated that situation, forcing the closure of a great many more mines and prompting China to restrict exports. Major roads and railways also were shut down, creating traffic congestion during the thickly traveled Chinese New Year – and making deliveries highly problematic for drivers.

As the cold of winter gave way to the higher temperatures of spring and summer, yet another weather-related challenge emerged. This time around, the double-whammy of higher-than-expected temperatures coupled with sparse rainfall are straining thermal power plants: The warm weather is boosting the use of energy-intensive air conditioning even as those same higher temperatures have dropped the water level of the rivers that spin the huge power-producing turbines at hydroelectric dams.

If you’re looking to play surging coal prices, Money Morning Investment Director Keith Fitz-Gerald suggests taking a look at Yanzhou Coal Mining Co. (YZC). The China-based Yanzhou is nicely diversified in several ways:

• First, it not only operates underground coalmines, Yanzhou also operates a railway transportation network for shipping coal.
• Second, Yanzhou’s focus on low-sulfur coal products means it finds demand from large-scale power plants and from metal-producing companies all around the world. The reason: Low-sulfur coal can be combined with coking coal in a metal-production process known as “pulverized coal injection,” or PCI. That combination gives Yanzhou a nice extra bit of industrial diversification.
• Third, investors can add geographic diversification to the profit mix as they analyze sector plays.

Provided with these positives, it should be no surprise to investors that Yanzhou’s first-quarter profit more than doubled, climbing more than 112% on surging demand for the fuel and on the higher trading prices seen in the markets around the world.