But given the economy’s strong performance following the financial meltdown that crushed economies the world over, it looks like Brazil’s time is now.

Brazil’s gross domestic product (GDP) contracted 0.8% year-over-year in the first quarter and 0.8% from the fourth quarter. That beat analysts’ expectations but wasn’t enough to keep the country from sliding into its first recession since 2003. However, the economy is already showing signs of recovery and many economists believe Brazil is already on the rebound and poised for a strong second half.

Brazil’s GDP likely grew 2.2% in the second quarter compared with the previous quarter, according to a report by Bank of America Corp. (NYSE: BAC).

Nelson Barbosa, Brazil’s economic policies minister, optimistically told the Rio de Janeiro-based O Globo newspaper that Brazil’s economy will grow by 4-5% this year.

That kind of optimism in July helped Brazil’s benchmark Bovespa stock index book its best monthly gain since 1998.  The index jumped 2.3% to 55,997.81 – its highest level in 11 months. It’s up about 50% this year, outpacing even the red-hot MSCI Emerging Markets Index. The Dow Jones Industrial Average and S&P 500 Index are up just 5.8% and 11% respectively.

Analysts that were skeptical of Brazil’s economic growth in the heady years leading up to the financial crisis pointed to the country’s supposed reliance on high commodities prices and exports.

No doubt, the country benefited a great deal from the commodities boom that drove up prices for Brazilian exports like iron ore, steel, and soybeans. But in eviscerating commodities prices and ravaging the market for exports, the financial crisis demonstrated that Brazil is more than a one-trick pony.

Sublime political stewardship leading up to and during the crisis kept Brazil’s economy well intact when global economy seemed to be falling apart. Stringent financial regulation shielded Brazil from the worst of the financial crisis, while government tax cuts and a growing middle class buoyed the country’s economy as exports dried up.

Back to the Future: Brazil’s Troubled Past Preserves its Present

Indeed, the very financial crises that had Brazilians believing their country would never find its place among the world’s elite economies endowed the nation’s policymakers with a streak of caution as they entered the 21st century.

“We are used to dealing with challenging environments, for our institutions and our regulations,” Alexandre Tombini, director for regulation at Brazil’s central bank, told the Financial Times. “Everything we have done since the mid-1990s has tended to take a more cautious approach.”

For instance, banks in Brazil are required to keep capital reserves that equate to at least 11% of their total assets. That’s high by most international standards, but many banks maintain capital ratios of 16% or more.

Banks are also required to keep 30% of all deposits at the central bank. That makes borrowing more expensive, but it also made it possible for Brazil’s central bank to dole out $51.4 billion (100 billion reals) overnight to ensure banks were adequately funded.

Brazil’s high interest rates are another reminder of the hyperinflation that overwhelmed the economy in the 1990s. But those rates also kept lenders from getting carried away, and now that the crisis has subsided, inflation has been crushed and rates are plunging.

Brazil’s official IPCA consumer price index advanced 0.24% in July after posting a 0.36% gain in June, according to the Brazilian Census Bureau (IBGE). The rolling 12-month rate sank to 4.5%, down from 4.8% in the 12 months through June.

Brazil’s central bank has lowered its primary interest rate, the Selic-base rate, six times this year, with the most recent a 0.5% cut after the bank’s July 21-22 meeting. The benchmark rate currently stands at a record low of 8.75%.

With inflation subdued, most analysts believe the rate will be kept at its historically low level until at least 2010.

“With inflation under control, I believe it will permit the Selic to be maintained at this low level until at least the middle of 2010.”Alex Agostini, chief economist at local ratings agency Austin, told The Wall Street Journal. “I don’t seen any inflationary pressures on the radar. The inflation scenario is so well behaved that it could give the central bank room to make another rate cut at the next meeting, even though the signals coming from the central bank have indicated there will be a pause.”

And while U.S. regulators are only now looking into the inconsistencies and manipulations wrought by irresponsible futures trading, Brazil has long held the reins tight on such activity. Short selling – selling shares you do not own – is allowed, but naked short selling – selling shares that you don’t have – is kept under wraps by fines for traders who can’t to deliver shares they have sold within three days.

Additionally, brokers in Brazil are obligated to provide information by every client. That means a Ponzi scheme like the one orchestrated by Bernie Madoff would never have worked in Brazil.

Retail Remains Resilient

Just as Brazil’s regulators have taken their cues from past mistakes, Brazil’s growing middle class – which now encompasses more than half the country’s population – has been hardened by tough times and proven resilient throughout the current crisis.

May retail sales advanced at an annual pace of 4% and June sales are expected to have increased by 6.5% year-over-year. Furthermore, an IBGE survey showed that nine out of 10 retail sectors showed month-on-month sales increases.

“Brazil has had so many crises over the years, people got used to them,” David Neeleman, the founder of JetBlue (Nasdaq: JBLU), who last December started a low-cost Brazilian airline called Azul told BusinessWeek. “I don’t think they’re at all fazed by this crisis-everyone seems to be focused on buying their first car, getting their first credit card.”

Credit card purchases have grown by 22% a year over the past decade, BusinessWeek reported.

However, Brazilian consumers also got a helping hand from the government, which cut income taxes and reduced levies on a wide range of durable goods.

In April, the government cut taxes on construction materials, cars, and household appliances. The end result was a 5.7% rise in spending on construction materials in May and an 8% surge in auto sales.  Rejuvenated auto sales hit a record-high 300,000 in June.

And increased sales led to increased production. Industrial output rose for the six straight month in June, climbing 0.2% on a monthly basis.

“Brazil has proved it can govern itself and keep the economy on track in very difficult times,” Riordan Roett, a professor at Johns Hopkins University’s School of Advanced International Studies, told BusinessWeek.

Buying Into Brazil

Brazil has also proven that it has a strong consumer base of its own ready and able to fuel economic growth, even as exports falter. In fact, exports account for a mere 12% of Brazil’s $1.5 trillion economy.

From 2001 to 2007, the poorest 10% of the population enjoyed a 49% increase in real income, Brazilian economist Marcelo Neri told the Miami Herald, describing what he called “Chinese-like growth.”

Roughly 27.8 million Brazilians – out of a population of nearly 200 million – joined the consumer economy from October 2003 to October 2008, according to Neri.

About  8 million jobs have been created in that time, while the minimum wage has increased 45%

That makes Brazil a very attractive destination for investment.

In an April Buy/Sell/Hold column, Money Morning contributing editor and emerging markets specialist, Horacio Marquez, recommended Petroleo Brasileiro (NYSE ADR: PBR) for several reasons – the rising prices of oil in the next few years, the discoveries of large oil fields off Brazil’s shore, and increase local demand from the country’s growing population and income levels.

Another commodity play is Vale S.A. (NYSE ADR: VALE), the world’s largest iron ore exporter and a key supplier to China’s exuberant infrastructure expansion. Vale will benefit not only from increase in demand when global economies (and trade with them) recover, but also the rebound of commodity prices across the board.

Martin Hutchinson, another Money Morning contributor, recommends Companhia de Saneamento Basico, orSabesp (ADR: SBS), which operates the water-and-sewage system for Brazil’s Sao Paulo region. Sabesp currently has a P/E ratio of 6.92.

“Now that’s a growth business, and one that’s not dependent on commodity prices,” he said.

Finally, the iShares MSCI Brazil Index ETF (NYSE: EWZ) has been recommended by both Marquez and Hutchinson. The ETF aims to measure the performance of the Brazilian equity market. It has net assets of $8.58 billion, a Price/Earnings (P/E) ratio of 12.75, and a dividend yield of 3.66%.

Source: With One of the Hottest Economies on the Planet Brazil is Finally Living Up to Its Promise

More from Money Morning:

Like most other markets, Brazil has been battered by the credit crisis – the BOVESPA index is currently down 28% in October alone and no less than 52% from its peak as recently as May. It now appears to represent excellent value, with a historic Price/Earnings (P/E) ratio of only7.0.

But are Brazil’s prospects good enough to justify investing there?

Brazil was included in the “BRIC” (Brazil, Russia, India and China) group of rapidly emerging markets that Goldman Sachs Group Inc. (NYSE:GS) created in 2003. At that time the country didn’t deserve the distinction. Long-term growth since the 1970s had averaged less than 2% per capita, and the country had barely avoided bankruptcy in 2002. Every time the world had experienced a credit crunch, Brazil had been caught up in it, chiefly because of the country’s enormous international debt load.

Brazil got lucky. First, socialist President Luis Inacio “Lula” da Silva proved to be surprisingly moderate, not much to the left, economically, of previous Brazilian governments, perfectly willing to welcome foreign investment and generally friendly to the United States. Also, in 2003, energy and commodity prices began their long climb as part of a worldwide commodities rally that saw prices peak at astronomical levels earlier this year.

Since Brazil was not an oil exporter, there was no one single source of new wealth that the government could seize. Instead, revenue flowed to mining companies, the oil company Petroleo Brasileiro SA, better-known as Petrobras (ADR: PBR), and numerous agri-business operations that benefited from the rise in agricultural prices. It didn’t hurt at all when in November 2007 Petrobras discovered about 36 billion barrels of oil in an offshore Brazilian field.

Even Brazil’s ethanol program, which had been a hopeless boondoggle for a generation since it started during the oil crisis of 1979-82, suddenly became the envy of the world, as rising oil prices made Brazilian sugarcane the world’s cheapest and most economically and ecologically efficient source of newly fashionable ethanol. With oil prices down in the $20-a-barrel range, the ethanol-from-sugar program was a typical example of misguided Third World government planning. But at $140 a barrel, it was a bonanza.

Even at $60 a barrel, it is still a useful diversification from petroleum.

Brazil’s debt position improved after 2002 in three ways:

• The outstanding amount of debt has been reduced through modest repayments.
• Its ratio to gross domestic product (GDP) has dropped sharply, as GDP in dollar terms has shot up with the revaluation of the Brazilian real against the dollar.
• And its interest costs have dropped with Brazil’s improving creditworthiness and the generally low level of global interest rates.

Brazil’s ascension to “investment grade” status in spring 2008 appeared to cement the improvement in place; its public sector debt to GDP ratio in June 2008 was around 40%, lower than Britain’s, for example.

The financial crisis and economic downturn of 2008 has made life more difficult for Brazil. Oil and other commodity prices have sharply declined, reducing the value of Brazil’s exports. The real has declined over 30% against the dollar, increasing Brazil’s foreign debt, which is mostly dollar-denominated.

The Brazilian stock market’s decline will undoubtedly have a substantial negative wealth effect, making it more difficult for Brazilian entrepreneurs to finance new projects. On the other hand, a forecast by The Economist has Brazil still growing at 4.6% in 2008 and 3.4% in 2009, with consumer prices rising 6.0%. The Central Bank of Brazil has a good grip on inflation, with its Selic short-term rate at no less than 13.75%, while it is injecting funds into the banking system to battle the global liquidity shortage.

With continued economic growth, modest inflation, and stock prices at bargain levels for U.S. investors, Brazil is well worth considering. There are more than 30 Brazilian companies with full American Depository Receipt (ADR) listings on the New York Stock Exchange, plus 40 to 50 more traded on the over-the-counter market.  A few attractive examples you might want to look include:

Banco Itau Holding Financeira SA (ADR:ITU). This stock features a Price/Earnings There are three large banks listed on the New York Stock Exchange: The other two are the other two are Banco Bradesco SA (ADR: BBD) and Uniao Bancos Brasile SA (Unibanco) (ADR: UBB). However, Itau is the cheapest of the three, though only slightly.

Companhia Vale do Rio Doce, now referred to only as Vale (ADR: RIO). This is one of the true global blue chips. It has a market capitalization of almost $56 billion, and its stock has fallen by fully 75% since May. It is an iron-ore company with ancillary operations in gold, nickel, copper and other metals, and its shares are trading about four times projected 2008 earnings. The stock features a 5.0% yield. As one of the world’s low cost producers of iron ore, it should bounce back once conditions become more clear.

Petroleo Brasileiro SA, better known as Petrobras (ADR: PBR). Petrobras is one of the few emerging market oil companies with access to modern technology and willingness to work with the oil majors. Down by 60% in the last five months, the stock’s prospective P/E ratio is now only 5.5. It has a dividend yield of 1.3%. Petrobras remains a fairly low cost oil producer, since its production comes from conventional, albeit offshore sources.

Companhia de Saneamento Basico, also known as Sabesp (ADR: SBS). This is the water-and-sewage system for Sao Paulo. Now that’s a growth business, and is one that’s not dependent on commodity prices or on rapid Brazilian economic growth. The shares feature a P/E ratio of only 3.1 and a yield of 8.0%. This one must surely be a bargain; it has very little dependency on the economy.

Votorantim Celulose e Papel SA (ADR: VCP). This is a pulp-and-paper company, with a prospective P/E ratio of 6.0 and a dividend yield of 9.5%. Trees grow fast in the tropics; VCP benefits from that!

Finally, you should consider the Brazilian ETF, the iShares MSCI Brazil Fund (NYSE: EWZ). The fund was more than $5 billion in size at Sept. 30, and currently trades at a P/E of about 7.0 with a dividend yield of 3.0%.

As I said, Brazilian stocks are currently in the bargain-basement category, and well worth a look.

PS. Andrew Gordon at Investor’s Daily Edge recently said that Brazil was well placed to weather the current financial crisis. Read why Brazil is the best of the BRICs here.

Source: Six Profit Plays From South of the Equator

Business has been good in Brazil, with the government and consumers alike enjoying the benefits. That means everyone has money to spend for improvements, whether it’s for the nation’s infrastructure or personal lifestyles.

Brazil’s government is planning huge investments to improve Brazil’s highways and byways. At the same time, a growing middle class is eager to snap up new automobiles and homes.

Certain Brazilian companies are well positioned to profit from the convergence of all of these spending trends. They supply the raw materials needed both to build new roads, as well as new dishwashers. And with such strong spending trends fueling growth, Brazilian firms that cater to both these needs are poised to reap the rewards.

Infrastructure Spending Spree

Merrill Lynch & Co. Inc. (MER) recently raised its annual infrastructure-spending estimate for emerging markets by 80%, as developing countries utilize large cash reserves generated by their fast-growing economies to bolster domestic development, BusinessWeek reported.

Investment in infrastructure will rise from $1.25 trillion to $2.25 trillion annually over the next three years, Merrill Lynch estimates. China, the Middle East, and Russia will account for 70% of infrastructure spending, but Brazil won’t be lagging far behind.

The government’s program to facilitate infrastructure and construction investment, Programa de Acelere do Crescimento (PAC), was announced in January 2007 by Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva. The program is designed to provide government aid to complete construction projects more quickly and will focus on everything from upgrading oil, natural gas and electricity systems to expanding transportation and sanitation systems, as well as telecommunication networks throughout Brazil.

Through a combination of government funds and private investment, it is estimated that $235 billion (BRL500bn) of infrastructure development will occur during 2007-2010.

That’s a close match to Merrill’s own estimate of $225 billion in Brazilian infrastructure investments over the next three years.

And no one is in a better position to benefit from this huge influx of capital investment than Brazil’s own domestic resource companies. Without the huge shipping charges associated with buying steel from Asia or Australia, its only natural that contractors will turn to fellow Brazilian firms when it comes time to buy raw materials.

Consumption-Hungry Middle Class

While industrial and government capital investment is surging, consumer spending in Brazil is on the rise as the red-hot economy helps to expand the Latin American nation’s middle class.

In the past two years, more than 23 million people have leapt from Brazil’s lower income classes into the middle class, which is defined in Brazil by households with incomes between $450 and $745 a month. Brazil’s middle class now makes up almost half of the country’s population, according to Reuters.

And that expanding middle class is more than ready to spend some of its newly found disposable income on items such as automobiles, new homes, appliances and electronics. Household consumption rose 6.6% in the first quarter of this year, according to the nation’s statistics agency.

Back in 2003, the Goldman Sachs Group Inc. (GS) – eager to push its clients toward emerging markets investment – created the acronym “BRIC” to stand for Brazil, Russia, India and China, the four emerging markets the investment bank’s strategists believed would become a dominant part of the world economy in the years ahead.

What started as a marketing ploy is now a profit play that global investors have to consider, since at least three of the four countries – Brazil, China and India – feature sound economies with powerful growth rates, and stock markets with reasonable valuations.

In fact, China and India are two of the fastest-growing investable economies on the planet, and have been transformed into global leaders in both the manufacturing and service sectors. At the same time, Brazil and Russia each has become a cornucopia of commodities, and are emerging as global leaders in the white-hot global energy sector.

These newfound global strengths have provided all four of these countries access to massive amounts of capital, a key element of the investing methodology in both Money Morning and The Money Map Report.

With foreign reserves of $1.68 trillion, China basically has all the capital it needs for the development projects it has on the drawing board. India has nearly $300 billion in foreign capital invested in its stock market; and that virtually guarantees it will remain on global investors’ radar screens for the foreseeable future.

After conducting this analysis, we decided to develop “The BRIC Report,” a periodic feature we’ll use to update you on both the latest developments, and the latest profit plays, in each of the BRIC economies and BRIC stock markets.

Building Profits, BRIC by BRIC

While the BRIC countries are by no means the world’s only attractive emerging markets – from time to time, in fact, the BRIC markets may become overpriced or their growth prospects may ebb – over the long haul, these markets remain strong opportunities for investors, and should remain at the top of your list of profit plays. Here are the four top factors why this is true.

• Population: The four BRIC markets are the largest economies and have some of the largest populations among emerging-market countries (which don’t include such already-emerged East Asian markets as Japan and South Korea). Companies from BRIC countries have large-and-competitive domestic markets, meaning they’re already globally competitive when they venture abroad.

• Rapid Growth: China and India have two of the fastest growth rates in the world, and that looks likely to continue. Other rapidly growing countries are much smaller – and more risky.

• Natural Resources: While China and India are the major poles of global manufacturing and service growth, the two other BRICs – Brazil and Russia – are cornucopia of commodities and energy, which in the past have been inadequately exploited. The escalating energy and commodity prices of the last five years have brought rapid growth to both countries, enabling them to develop active consumer sectors with a multitude of investable companies.

• Access to Capital: Brazil recently achieved an investment grade debt rating from Standard and Poor’s Inc., giving the Latin American country access to the major global pools of institutional capital, while also significantly lowering the cost of its debt. Russia has built up foreign-exchange reserves of more than $400 billion, allowing it to break free of a reliance on foreign capital. China, with a record $1.68 trillion of foreign exchange reserves, has access to all the capital it can handle. Finally, India may finally have broken out of the cycle of foreign exchange constraints that had previously prevented rapid growth: With foreign capital of almost $300 billion invested in its stock market, it is very much on investors’ radar screens worldwide.

Let’s take a look at the markets one at a time.

In fact, a big reason why Brazilian stocks have dropped is because the country’s central bank has been forced to raise rates to curb inflation. Policymakers have raised the benchmark rate twice since April, to 12.25%. Of course, inflation isn’t a problem unique to Brazil.

Inflation in India has been at alarmingly high levels since the first week of June, when it jumped from 8.75% to 11%. And many analysts expect government data released today (Friday) will show wholesale prices soared to a 13-year high of 11.75% in the week ended June 28.

China’s consumer price index (CPI), the nation’s primary gauge of inflation, increased 7.7% in May, after hitting a near 12-year high of 8.7% in February, and is expected to rise 7.2% year-over-year in 2008.

The European Central Bank raised its key interest rate a quarter point last week, after inflation hit a 16-year high of 4% last month, and U.S. Federal Reserve Chairman Ben S. Bernanke has also struck a more hawkish tone with regards to tightening monetary policy.

Brazil, said yesterday that its benchmark IPCA inflation rate rose 6.06% in the past 12 months, higher than the central bank’s 4.5% target, but still below the spiraling rates of China and India, and only marginally higher than inflation in the European Union. Today’s inflation rate is also a marked improvement over the 12% Brazil clocked in 2002.

Also, unlike the United States and Europe, which are both grappling with sluggish growth as well as soaring inflation, the Brazilian economy is expected to expand by a bullish 4.8% this year. And there are two big reasons why.

Brazil’s Booming Consumer Class

By 2030 an additional 2 billion people will have joined the global middle class, according to research by Goldman Sachs Group Inc. (GS). That’s a third of the world’s population and enough to cause a “shift in spending power towards middle-income economies.” With its rapid growth and abundance of resources, Brazil figures to be a major focal point of that shift.

In the past two years, more than 23 million people have leapt from Brazil’s lower income classes into “Class C,” which is defined by households with incomes between $450 and $745 a month. Class C, Brazil’s middle class, now makes up about 46% of the country’s population, according to Reuters.

The percentage of the population that makes up the lowest two classes, “Class D” and “Class E,” dropped from 51% to 39% from 2005 to 2007.

This shift has caused a boom in consumerism throughout the region. Household consumption rose 6.6% in the first quarter of this year, according to the nation’s statistics agency.

While the majority of incomes have traditionally been spent on staples such as food, an increase in household wealth has resulted in a surge in spending on luxury goods. Sales of big-ticket items, like cars, homes appliances and electronics, have jumped 80% since 2005, according to Forbes. Brazil has also become the fifth largest cosmetics consumer in the world.

Domestic demand has also been fueled by an increase in credit. The number of credit cards in Brazil rose 91% between 2002 and 2006, to 79 million, or one for every 2.3 people. And consumer loans, excluding credit cards, are expected to grow by 25% this year after soaring 40% in the first quarter, Erico Ferreira, president of the National Association of Credit, Financing, and Investment Institutions told Bloomberg News.

The surge in spending helped Brazil’s services industry, which accounts for about 60% of the economy, to grow 5% in the first quarter. Increased demand also boosted manufacturing by 6.9%, and agriculture, which now accounts for less than 10% of gross domestic product (GDP), grew 2.4%.

“Brazilians don’t get scared by 6% inflation,” Ferreira told Bloomberg. “Companies want to profit from the growing economy and they know that to do so they need to offer longer maturities at lower rates.”

Brazil Makes Some New Friends

Another big reason investors should keep believing in Brazil is that it has made some powerful new friends abroad.

Brazil’s resources are highly coveted by other emerging markets, particularly fellow BRIC country China, who is desperately seeking fuel for its own economic expansion. Brazil sent 6.7% of its goods to China last year, double the level of 2001.

Trade volume between China and Brazil totaled $29.7 billion in 2007, jumping 46.4% year-over-year, according to the latest statistics of China’s Ministry of Commerce.

Perhaps that’s why the Brazilian government has launched its “China Agenda” program, which involves a series of coordinated measures by the government and private sectors to triple Brazil’s exports to China and encourage more Chinese investment in Brazil.

According to Xinhua, Brazil wants to triple its exports to China from $10.75 billion in 2007 to $30 billion by 2010.

The Brazilian government has identified 619 products that are in high demand in China as priority export items to the country. Meanwhile, the government has also proposed to include more manufactured products in its exports to China, 74% of which now are low-value commodities such as soybeans and pig iron.

Brazil has also sought out stronger ties with Middle Eastern powers. Most recently, plans were made to establish a permanent commercial center in the United Arab Emirates to promote investment between the regions. The U.A.E. is home to the Abu Dhabi

Investment Authority, or ADIA, a sovereign wealth fund with an estimated $875 billion in assets. Brazil is the world’s sixth-largest economy and home to an internal market of approximately 190 million consumers.

In pretty short order, all the charge-card companies boost his credit limits, cut the interest rates he’s paying on his outstanding balances, offer him new credit lines – and even make him eligible for various “rewards” programs that give him all sorts of freebies for spending money.

Brazil finds itself in that situation because uber-debt-rater Standard & Poor’s just boosted the country’s credit rating to “investment grade” in recent weeks, moving its rating from BB+ to BBB-. Why should we care? After all, isn’t Brazilian debt bought mostly by institutional investors? That’s true. But with the increased debt rating, Brazilian shares also should benefit – provided the government doesn’t embark on a big spending binge.

Brazil was included in the “BRIC” (Brazil, Russia, India, China) group of rapidly growing emerging economies that was created by Goldman Sachs Group Inc. (GS) back in 2003. At that time, it really didn’t deserve the distinction. Long-term growth since the 1970s had averaged less than 2% per capita, and the country had narrowly avoided bankruptcy only the year before. Long-term interest rates were above 20% (around 15% in real terms), which hardly encouraged companies to make capital-spending commitments that might grow the economy. Most alarming, a left wing socialist named Luis Inacio Lula da Silva had just been elected president.

Brazil got lucky. First, Lula proved to be surprisingly moderate, not much to the left economically of previous Brazilian governments, perfectly willing to welcome foreign investment, generally friendly to the United States and not at all like his socialist neighbor, Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez. Second – and probably even more importantly – 2003 was the year in which energy and commodity prices began the long climb that has brought them to their current (astronomical) record levels. Third, since Brazil was not an oil exporter, there was no single source of new wealth that the government could just seize. Instead, revenue flowed to mining companies, the oil company Petroleo Brasileiro SA (usually referred to as just Petrobras) (ADR: PBR), and numerous agri-business operations that benefited from the rise in agricultural prices.

Most startlingly, Brazil’s ethanol program, which had been a hopeless boondoggle for a generation since it started during the oil crisis of 1979-82, suddenly became the envy of the world. Rising oil prices made Brazilian sugarcane the world’s cheapest and most economically and ecologically efficient source of newly fashionable ethanol. At a $20 per barrel oil price, the ethanol-from-sugar program was a typical example of misguided Third World government planning; at $120, it is a bonanza.

Brazil’s debt position has improved in three ways:

• The amount of outstanding debt has been reduced through modest repayments.
• Its ratio of debt to gross domestic product (GDP) has dropped sharply, as GDP in dollar terms has shot up with the revaluation of the Brazilian real against the dollar.
• And Brazil’s interest costs have dropped along with the country’s improving creditworthiness and with the generally low level of global interest rates.

With more income, a stronger currency and lower debt, it’s not surprising that Brazil’s credit rating has improved. As with an individual consumer on whom the credit card gods suddenly smile, what happens next depends on what use is made of the improved position. If a person reverts to their earlier spendthrift ways, they will quickly max out the new credit limits, actually making their position even worse than before.

Fortunately, the Brazilian government appears to have learned the difficult lessons of the last 25 years, and is remaining both careful in its spending and welcoming to foreign investment. That will bring down Brazil’s debt costs further, as will recent favorable developments like the discovery by Petrobras of about 36 billion barrels of oil in an offshore Brazilian oilfield.

Now, don’t get carried away. This isn’t China – with its 10% annual growth rate, apparently repeatable ad infinitum. Brazil had such growth rates for a brief period in the 1970s, but they disappeared around 1980 in a blizzard of unpaid debt. Brazil’s growth rate is currently around 5% – but it looks far more balanced and stable than it did in the 1970s. Brazil’s improving credit position is likely to make growth persist, and future political risk appears minimal. When Lula goes, a politician of the center-right could well replace him.

Another good sign for Brazil – there are more than 30 Brazilian companies with full American Depository Receipt (ADR) listings on the New York Stock Exchange, plus 40-50 more that are traded in the over-the-counter market. Here are a few attractive examples to consider:

Banco Itau Holding Financeira SA, referred to usually as Banco Itau (ADR: ITU), has a Price/Earnings ratio of 14 and dividend yield of 2.4%.  Brazilian banks earn very high returns, primarily from domestic market lending in reals. Including Banco Itau, there are three large ones listed on the Big Board in New York; the other two are Banco Bradesco SA (ADR: BBD) and Uniao Bancos Brasile SA (Unibanco) (ADR: UBB). However, Itau is the cheapest of the three, though only slightly.

Companhia Vale do Rio Doce, now referred to only as Vale (ADR: RIO), is one of the true global blue chips, with a market capitalization of almost $200 billion. An iron-ore company with ancillary operations in gold, nickel, copper and other metals, its shares trade at a reasonably valued 13 times earnings, though its dividend yield is only 1.2%.

Petrobras (ADR: PBR) is one of the few emerging market oil companies with access to modern technology – and the willingness to work with the oil majors. Its shares are up 168% in the past year, but the stock’s P/E still is only 16. It has a 1.3% yield. The possible upside: It finds another gigantic offshore oilfield. The possible downside: Oil drops back to $50 a barrel. If the world’s monetary authorities get serious about imposing higher interest rates to fight inflation, PBR and RIO would probably suffer as commodities prices fall back to earth.

Companhia de Saneamento Basico (Sabesp) (ADR: SBS) is the water and sewage system provider for Sao Paulo. Now that’s a growth business, and not dependent on commodity prices. With a P/E of only 9.2 and a yield of 2.7%, this is one stock I have to say I love.

TNE (ADR: TNE) There are a bunch of Brazilian cell phone companies, but TNE appears to be the cheapest. It’s concentrated in the populous southeast and northeast regions of Brazil, with a P/E ratio of only 7 and yield of 4.25%.

Telecomunicacoes de Sao Paulo SA, or Telesp (ADR: TSP) provides the fixed line telephone system for Sao Paulo. Before you sneer, consider this: the company has a dividend yield of 9.8% and a P/E ratio of 10 (which means the dividend is only just covered). And it’s majority owned by Spain’s Telefonica.

Voturantim Cellulose (ADR: VCP) is a pulp and paper company, with a P/E ratio of 14 and a dividend yield of 2.8%. Trees grow fast in the tropics and VCP definitely benefits from that!

Source: Is Brazil ‘Investment Grade’ for Investor’s Money, Too?