But in fact, foreigners have, over the last decade, been by far the single most important source of buying for U.S. Treasuries.

Given the Treasury’s need to flog on the order of $3 trillion worth of its unbacked paper this year just to keep the government’s doors open – and that is a four- or fivefold increase over 2008 – the foreign buyers not only have to show up for the Treasury auctions, they have to show up in droves.

In mid-July, the Associated Press reported that “Foreign demand for long-term U.S. financial assets dropped by the largest amount in four months in May, as Japan and Russia trimmed their holdings of Treasury securities … foreigners actually sold $19.8 billion more long-term U.S. securities than they purchased in May. That compared with net purchases of $11.5 billion in April.”

Below you see the big picture of all cross-border flows in May as published by the U.S. Treasury. It shows both foreign investment in the U.S. and U.S. investment abroad. It includes Treasuries, agencies, corporate bonds, equities, and short-term instruments like T-bills. Foreigners bought a lot of T-bills when the credit crisis became acute.

This should be a serious situation with a big drop in foreign investible funds for meeting U.S. borrowing needs. The borrowing by households and business has dropped close to zero, decreasing demand, while government borrowing has jumped but is still smaller than the private borrowing drop. The Fed has added some lending.

A look at just the longer-term Securities (not T-bills) is even more convincing of the slowing of lending by foreigners:

This decrease in credit should pressure rates higher.

And here is the breakdown of foreign investment into the U.S. Foreigners only continued to buy Treasuries, shunning new investment and selling off agencies in the riskier real estate market.

It’s not for nothing that the Goldman Sachs Secretary of the Treasury Timothy Geithner is hotfooting it around the world lately, last week to Saudi Arabia and the UAE… last month to China.

The purpose of his trip, Geithner told reporters in Paris, he was doing this tour ”to make sure we keep working with governments around the world to continue to provide enough support to lift this global economy back to a sustained pattern of growth.”

Translation: Look here, we’re all in this together. If you jump ship now, we’re all doomed… DOOMED, I say!

But the fact remains that the foreign holders of U.S. dollars have it within their ability – either deliberately or inadvertently as the result of a panic setting in – to literally destroy the U.S. currency.

The latest report shows Russia and longtime monetary ally Japan edging toward the door. China and the oil-exporting nations continue to convert an increasingly moderate amount of their trade surplus into Treasury bills – but not on a nearly large enough scale to meet the inflated (and inflating) borrowing needs of the utterly bankrupt U.S. government. And how long will they continue to show up, when an increasing number of other foreign buyers start selling their Treasuries? No one likes to be the last one to leave a party, especially when the bananas flambé has tipped over on the floor and the curtains are on fire.

Put simply, the only thing now standing between the U.S. dollar holding its own and an almost overnight debasement (and history has shown us that when things go wrong with a currency, they can go wrong very quickly) is the willingness of foreigners to play nice. This was never a threat that the Japanese had to deal with during the worst of their recent dark days, but it’s a very real risk here and now in the United States.

That that risk sits on top of the monetary inflation that has been the steady response of the U.S. government so far –  and will continue to be its response as the economy further erodes – is not something to be sniffed at.

On July 17, Bloomberg reported that “China’s finance ministry failed to meet its debt-sale target for a third time in two weeks at a 182-day bill sale, according to traders at Galaxy Securities Co. and China Citic Bank in Beijing. The ministry had tried to sell 20 billion yuan of bills and only sold 18.51 billion yuan, traders said. The average yield for the bills sold was 1.6011 percent, they said.”

Here’s our take on this news item: The problem from the Chinese government’s point of view is that they were not able to borrow as much money as they wanted, in the light that they are now spending at a very fast clip with a big stimulus program to keep their own economy (bubble?) growing. So how can they fund the spending? They can sell off the stash of foreign-currency-denominated holdings they are sitting on. That could mean Treasuries dumped on the world market.

There are other alternatives, like getting the People’s Bank of China to print up some new money for the government, which would inflate the renminbi (RMB) and decrease its international price and attractiveness. They might like to let the RMB fall to encourage exports and keep relative worker pay low on the world competitive scene. But they are also trying to make the RMB a world currency by itself, so they don’t want it to look weak and at risk.

Our guess is that they are selling Treasuries and not telling.

[Note: In latest news this week, Chinese Prime Minister Wen Jiabao said China “will use its foreign exchange reserves to support and accelerate overseas expansions and acquisitions by Chinese companies.” Jiabao called it China’s “going out” strategy. Going out (with a bang), though, may be a better description of what the U.S. will ultimately do.]

This is what The Casey Report, Casey Research’s flagship publication, does: spotting budding trends in the economy and the markets, and then devising ways to profit from them. A strategy that – as thousands of happy subscribers can vouch for – is paying off… and paying off big. Right now, one of our favorite plays, and surest bets, on the economic quagmire we’re in is an investment that is almost guaranteed to be a winner. Let Casey Chief Economist Bud Conrad tell you all about it in his free report. Click here to learn more.

Source: Foreign Investment in the U.S. – Going Down, Down, Down

But maybe things are better on the other side of the planet. How’s China doing? Analysts are “cautiously optimistic,” says a New York Times report.

Retail spending in China is said to be up 15%.

Meanwhile, a report tells us that China is stepping up its purchases of U.S. Treasury debt.

Hmmm… Why would China be doing that? The official response to that question is that U.S. Treasury debt is not only the most abundant credit in the world; it is also the most reliable.

As to the first point, no one would quibble. As to the second, only a fool wouldn’t.

The price tag for the crisis-related bailouts, guarantees and boondoggles is nearly $13 billion. The United States is setting records, of course. The biggest budgets ever. The biggest budget deficits ever. The biggest bailouts.

The U.S. budget deficit is about 13%. It was a budget deficit of not even half that amount that pushed Argentina over the brink in 2001. What are we supposed to believe…that there is no brink waiting for the United States?

Even more curious…what do the Chinese believe?

“It’s all very strange,” said a new friend who came into our Buenos Aires office today. “Americans are clearly cutting back. Their credit cards are maxed out. Their houses are going down in price…”

On this last point, we provide a quick update. Bloomberg reports that the average house price actually went up by 0.7% from January to February. But before you begin to think that the housing slump is over, another Bloomberg report tells us that house prices resumed their slide in February – down 6.5%.

Charles Hugh Smith argues that not only are house prices still going down – they’ll never recover. He gives five reasons, which we’ve paraphrased below:

1. Bubbles never re-inflate; instead, they go to a new sector
2. Even if nominal prices go up, they will be undercut by inflation
3. More likely, deflation will continue to drive down prices for a long time (Consumer price inflation just came in at a negative number for the first time since the ’50s.)
4. The low-interest rate, low-inflation world that permitted high property prices is finished
5. There is no demographic pressure on housing prices; the current stock is sufficient for years.

Low housing prices force Americans to cut their spending.

“But if Americans don’t buy, China will no longer have so much money to recycle into U.S. Treasury bonds. So who will buy all those Treasury bonds?”

Bond issuance is running as high and as fast as a 100-year flood. In Britain, recently, a bond auction found itself with more bonds than buyers. Could the same thing happen for the United States?

“Well,” our friend continued, “I have a darker scenario in mind. What if China had a different game plan? What if she intends to continue buying U.S. bonds as long as she can…leaving the United States completely dependent on Chinese lending? And what if she then suddenly dumps all her bonds and U.S. dollar assets? She would lose a lot of money. But the U.S. economy would suffer far more. The dollar would collapse…so would the US economy…completely. “

Now, we turn to Addison, who points out some telling trends now underway:

“The credit crisis has stymied a unique feature of American society,” writes Addison in today’s issue of The 5 Min. Forecast.

“According to the Census bureau, 35.2 million people changed their residence from March 2008 to March 2009 – the lowest number since 1962. And back then, there were 120 million fewer Americans.”

“The New York Times does a rather unremarkable job analyzing the trend underway, but they do point to a couple of interesting changes in American society since the 1960s: Home ownership rates have risen and owners are typically less likely to move than renters. The median age of the country has edged up…old people move less often than the young do.

But probably the most telling trend underway: two-income families have become more common and increasingly necessary to maintain a middleclass lifestyle. “Finding employment for both spouses in a new location can be challenging,” says the NY Times.

“And in this environment, it’s getting more challenging all the time. The line of American’s seeking jobless benefits grew even longer last week, the Labor Department says today. Their gauge of continuing claims – that’s people seeking unemployment benefits for more than a week – rose to a new record 6.13 million. New claims inched up 27,000 to 640,000 last week – not a record, but close.

“While these numbers look awful – and they are – they’ll be a non-event in trading today… this latest report was right in line with Wall Street expectations.”

Each weekday, Addison brings readers The 5 Min Forecast, an executive series e-letter that provides a quick and dirty analysis of daily economic and financial developments – in five minutes or less.

And back to Bill, with more thoughts:

We’re continuing our report on our trip to the ranch. This has no particular financial implication; we just want to tell you what happened.

Compuel is what we’d call the ‘back 40’ in America. Except it’s about 10,000 acres…and it’s a 4-hour trip on horseback. Still, the cattle have to be rounded up from Compuel annually. Then, they are driven down to the main part of the ranch …where they are vaccinated against brucellosis and other diseases and parasites…culled…castrated…and generally treated roughly. It takes about 7 hours to drive the herd up over the pass and down to the corrals near the ranch house.

The following day, we got up before dawn…by the time we got to the corral, the sky in the East was pink. It was still cold, but warming up fast.

Jorge gave the orders.

“Javier…you and Cosimir separate out the ‘terneros’ (young animals)… Pedro and Gustavo, get on the sluices… Senior Bonner, would you like to operate the gate?”

Javier is a young man who looks a little like Robert Mitchum, if you can imagine Robert Mitchum as an Incan with a huge wad of coca leaves in his jaw. Javier wore leather chaps and a flat, broad-brimmed Peruvian cowboy hat. He and Cosimir worked fast. They yelled. They whipped. A huge cloud of dust swirled up as they got the whole herd moving in a circle…and then forced the young animals into a second pen…generally by waving their hats at them. Occasionally, the cattle would panic and the two would run for cover. And occasionally, a cow…or a bull…would get annoyed and charge. Javier, particularly, was amazingly fast on his feet. He jumped onto the stone walls of the corral a couple of times.

The last calves were lassoed…and dragged them away from their mothers, into the holding pen. Then, they were pushed through a maze of stone walls, where the passage became narrower and narrower, until they finally came to the wooden sluice. It is tight turnstile with a gate on one end and a “sepa” on the other (we couldn’t find the word in the dictionary). This sepa is rather ingenious. It is two large pieces of solid wood that open up into a V-shaped passage and then come together – suddenly – like the jaws of a clamp. The cows come through the sluice one at a time. As they come through, the rear gate closes behind them. Then, the sepa at the other end begins to close. As it closes, the cow makes a dash for freedom. But Pedro was working the sepa lever and he rarely missed. As the cow started through the sepa opening, he leaned down hard on the lever and grabbed it by the neck.

Then, the hatches on each side of the sluice opened…and the needles came toward the struggling beast.

“Mr. Bonner…you’re going to have to operate that gate a little faster,” said Jorge. “We only want one cow at a time.”

More tomorrow…we’re out of time for today.

Source: What’s China’s Gameplan?

This from The Sovereign Society:

In the last few weeks, Treasury yields have been headed upward – from 2.63% a month ago to 3.33% today on 30-year bonds – and everyone’s been asking whether the bubble has finally blown out.

The “Treasury Bubble” became the new boogeyman for many experts and media pundits last year. Its “impending” collapse could potentially crush the U.S. government and throw the dollar into rampant hyperinflation.

But is it a bubble at all? And if so – or not – what’s your most prudent course of action?

That’s what we’ll be talking about today, on the heels of Ben Bernanke’s latest announcement that he’d consider purchasing long-dated bonds in the open market to manipulate yields. Will Bernanke’s plan be the final nail in the coffin for the U.S. economy and the dollar, or will it further propel a 27-year bull market in Treasuries?

Just the Facts…

That we’ve been in an almost thirty-year bull market for Treasuries is perfectly clear.

Since October of 1981, when yields hit 15.21% on long-term bonds, Treasury yields have been on a downward trend. And aside from a few reversals in that span of time, yields have consistently been lower each year.

But Bill Gross – Manager of PIMCO’s Total Return Fund – admits that the Treasury market is showing “some bubble characteristics,” and reiterates a previous statement, “…I have said for the past three months, the governments are very overvalued.” Do Gross’ cautious statements back up the allegations of Peter Schiff and other “Treasury Bubble” proponents?

The very essence of a bubble is that it’s unsustainable in the long run. So let’s ask the question; what happens if this bull market continues and 30-year government paper reaches a yield of zero?

Sustained rates at that level would indicate the market’s belief that we’re in a deep depression. Essentially, the market would be saying that it would rather park money with the government for 30 years – with a guaranteed return of zero – than risk it in private-sector investments. Retirement fund managers would be forced either to adjust their expected returns or abandon Treasury debt altogether.

But investors in zero-yielding Treasury paper would actually be taking on more risk than they might expect. And that’s the risk of a rising interest rates…

Interest Rate Risk

Even if Treasury yields reach zero, it’s not likely they’ll stay there forever. And when yields once again start to rise, it puts the capital investment of bondholders at risk.

Let’s say for example that Treasuries are yielding zero and you purchase a US$1,000 dollar note without any discount (so you’re paying US$1,000 for the bond). Then, rates eventually rise to 1%. That means that buying the same bond will only cost you US$990, even though you’ll still be reimbursed the full US$1,000.

That means you’ve essentially lost 1% of your original capital investment, as the market price of your bond would change to reflect the new issue yielding 1% more than your original purchase. As you can imagine, the lower yields get, the greater the risk to an investor’s capital is likely to be.

The “Treasury Bubble” and YOUR Money…

It’s hard to tell whether Treasuries are currently in “bubble” mode.

Unfortunately, most bubbles just aren’t diagnosed until after-the-fact. While they’re clear in hindsight and defining “unsustainable” levels is easier after the bust, the real defining attribute of a bubble is the rampant sell-off and ensuing havoc that come once the bubble has popped.

So should you join in with the “Bubble-phobia” and steer clear of Treasuries?

It’s a good idea to steer clear of Treasuries right now, but not because the Treasury-bubble-boogeyman is hiding under your bed. Simply put; the interest rate risk seems far too great for the meager reward of near zero-yielding Treasury securities. In light of the news, we can safely expect Bernanke to do everything in his power to suppress that long end of the curve. And we can probably expect the market – in turn – to continue to disagree, leaving Treasuries in a relatively volatile position.

Instead, Investment Director Eric Roseman believes there’s a case for select issues of Investment-Grade Corporate debt. It’s also a great time to look at gold, “With interest rates now at 0%,” Eric recently said, “the cost disadvantage to holding gold has vanished because high quality Treasury bond yields have plummeted while T-bills pay nothing. Gold will probably safeguard your capital better than paper money in this environment.”

Source: The End of the Treasury Bubble?

As a result, gold has started to shine again as a stable source of value at a time when the dollar and other commodities – like oil and copper – have fallen hard. The spot price of gold has climbed above $870 an ounce on the New York Mercantile Exchange, up about 20% from its October lows.

Gold has been on roller coaster ride in 2008, moving from its all time high of $1035 in March, to as low as $681 an ounce. Some of that decline occurred during the recent stock market plunge. Many investors were forced to liquidate profitable gold positions in order to raise money to cover their paper losses.

Its decline was then accelerated by the recent onslaught of financial bailouts, as many investors held a preference for liquidity and safety in the form of cash holdings guaranteed by the U.S. government.  That was reflected in the skyrocketing prices of government bonds and investments in government-backed banks, which also lowered yields.

But with the Fed’s recent decision to cut its target interest rate to a range of 0% to 0.25%, the dollar has suffered a significant decline. Suddenly, foreign investors who were scooping up dollars have cut back on their flight to safety, knocking the dollar index (NYBOT: DX) down 10% in the last month.  The index reflects the dollar’s value against the Euro, Japanese Yen, British Pound, Canadian Dollar, Swedish Krona, and Swiss Franc.

The Fed’s interest rate cut may also have given gold a comparative boost in the eyes of investors. Gold, which never pays interest, suddenly doesn’t look so bad when compared to T-bills, which also are paying zero interest lately.

Volatility has risen this year compared to previous years, and the last few months have been the most volatile of all – an indication of investor ambivalence. But any uncertainty about the increasing price of gold may have been waylaid by the Fed’s recent rate cut and its dampening effect on the dollar and Treasuries.

Consequently, don’t expect this rally to be short-lived. As we pointed out in our 2009 Outlook Report on Gold, the fundamentals in the market hold the promise of more gains ahead.

It appears unlikely central bankers around the world will stop stimulating economies, printing money and doing whatever it takes until growth and confidence are restored – even if the cost is rampant inflation.

Consider these wild card inflation indicators that Money Morning Contributing Editor Martin Hutchinson believes will carry gold prices to $1,500 an ounce by the end of 2009:

• Over $7 trillion of freshly minted U.S. dollars are now in circulation with the aim of saving the global financial system.
• The incoming Obama administration has promised another $1 trillion or so stimulus package is on the way.
• It’s likely the Fed’s interest rate cuts will soon be followed by central banks around the world.

These economic stimuli are designed to do one thing – get the consumer spending again.

The bailout of the banks was the first step, but the banks are still keeping a tight rein on credit. Now the government is trying to get easily available, cheap money back into the hands of the consumer by running the printing presses around the clock.

“The government is pumping money in so many banks, and that money has to come out somewhere,” said Hutchinson.

Some of that money will “come out” into the economy in the form of higher stock prices. That will make consumers wealthier, and could give them more confidence in the economy. More confidence means more spending. As that happens, prices for goods should begin ticking upward, giving another booster shot to gold prices.

For instance some of that money is already going into gold bars and coins. In fact, the U.S. Mint was forced to suspend sales of the popular American Eagle and Buffalo gold coins for extended periods twice in the last year. The mint was unable to secure enough gold blanks from suppliers to match demand.

“I’ve never seen a case where demand was so high and supply was so short,” Chicago coin dealer Harlan Berk told the Associated Press.

With massive amounts of capital floating around, the time it takes to re-inflate the global economy will be far shorter than most analysts expect. Governments fear deflation more than anything.  It appears they will only fight inflation when they are assured they have won the first battle, which is growth at any cost.

When inflation kicks in, the dollar’s buying power will suffer long-term.  In fact, we expect a decline in all the world’s paper money, over time.  Historically, investors in gold have prospered during periods of weakening fiat currencies.

That leaves gold as a bright light in the investment world, making it an odds-on favorite to open a new leg of a long-term uptrend

Gold Bugs Have Fed to Thank for Recent Rally

In an effort to demonstrate how serious they are about this whole “recession thing,” they stated that their new interbank loan rate target was zero. Zip. Nada.

When asked if this meant they had run out of bullets, Bernanke implied they could always simply inject money directly into the system by buying billions of dollars worth of Treasury bonds.

This is actually a peculiar thought, because Treasury bonds are the one asset that is actually in demand these days (whereas dollar demand is actually rather tepid).

In fact, Chairman Bernanke’s rather alarming statement caused the U.S. dollar to fall against the euro by the biggest amount in the latter currency’s history. The dollar also notched up a 13-year low against the yen.

Why Are They So Scared of American Banks?

But let’s go back to T-Bills for a moment. Right now, there is so much desire out there for the darn things, the Treasury Department can actually offer interest rates of zero, and even less than zero, and they just keep on selling.

To explain this, I’ve heard a dozen or so terms bandying about: words like inflation, deflation and stagflation. What I want to know is this: why would somebody want to buy T-Bills at zero percent, when they could park them at most any American bank for 2% or 3%? And that’s just for short-term notes – commit to a longer time spread and you can crank that up to nearly 5%.

The only reason I can think of is that despite all the efforts to secure the banks – all the billions and indeed trillions of dollars we have poured into their coffers, and all the various deposit insurance promises Washington has made – whoever is buying all those T-Bills has reason to think America’s banks are still not good risks right now.

And that’s a scary thought indeed.

No More Failures (Please?)

In a press conference on Wednesday, U.S. Secretary of the Treasury Henry Paulson assured us to the contrary. Paulson is so sure that the banks are completely secure, he might not even ask for the second half of his “TARP” money. “I don’t expect any more major financial institutions to fail during the current credit crisis,” he said.

Shortly after Paulson made this categorical statement, Morgan Stanley (MS: NYSE) announced that it had lost another $2.2 billion in the three months ending on Nov. 30.

They were kind enough to point out that while this loss was some 558% higher than they had led folks to expect, it was actually a 39% improvement over the same time period last year.

Another scary thought.

The Wrong Kind of Record Gain

Meanwhile, things are still tough down in the trenches (where success or failure is measured by whether you still get a paycheck). Last week saw new applications for unemployment surge to a 26-year high.

The only good news to come out of all that was analyst expectations that unemployment had peaked. Unfortunately, we are now being told to look out for another record-breaker.

Indeed, Nobel prize-winning “Neo-Keynesian” Professor Paul Krugman has warned that if Washington does not continue to dump billions (if not trillions) into the economy, unemployment could climb as high as 10%.

Krugman shouldn’t worry but so much: The incoming Obama administration has pledged an immediate flow of additional billions aimed directly at unemployment – not to mention a highway and bridge program as big as anything we’ve seen since Eisenhower in the 1950s.

The Perfect Accessories For Troubled Times

So, given all that, here are a few things you might care to invest in during these troubled times.

Back in the days of FDR, they used to call idle hands the tools of the devil. Certainly unemployed folks are occasionally driven by desperation to seek out cash by removing it from other folks’ wallets. Usually by threat of force.

I don’t think that but so many middle-class working stiffs are going to start carrying serious heat. In fact, Smith and Wesson (SWHC: NASDAQ) are in a bit of a pickle this quarter, as only their lower-margin Saturday night specials seem to be selling well right now.

But I do think sales for those nifty little shock guns TASER (TASR: NasdaqGS) sells could be just the thing in 2009.

And if Obama is bound and determined to spend trillions building roads, I suppose a few shares of Caterpillar (CAT: NYSE) would do well as a stocking stuffer.

Finally, I suspect that all these trillions and trillions of loose dollars that Washington seems intent on forcing on us will quickly reverse the minor deflation we have seen over the past few weeks. So I would strongly suggest adding shares of PowerShares Bearish Dollar ETF (UDN) as a hedge against the return of inflation.

Source: What to Buy as the Dollar Stumbles

U.S. Treasury bonds, the only asset in the world appreciating along with the dollar and the yen since mid-July, have skyrocketed in value since November 18. The yield on the benchmark 10-year Treasury now fetches just 2.54% – the lowest yield since 1954.

Even more incredible is the yield now offered by short-term government bills. It’s possible that yields might even turn negative before the day is through. The last time T-bill yields turned negative was in the 1930s; a negative interest rate implies investors are paying the government to park cash and not the other way around.

Evidence of heightened investor fears reached a nadir this morning with 30-day and 90-day U.S. Treasury bills yielding only 0.10%, or ten basis points – the lowest such yield since the 1930s. And six-month T-bills now yield a meager 0.20% – also in the record books.

The great paradox about the credit crisis at this stage is how investors continue to lunge after super low yielding T-bills and T-bonds when an entire gamut of fixed income markets – many with implicit government guarantees – are yielding north of 7%. Investors are indeed pricing in a serious deflation.

The U.S. 30-Year Treasury bond now yields just 3.04%, also trading at a 53-year low. Why would someone give the government money for 30 years at these rates? Short of a full-blown Depression, which I don’t think will occur, long-term bonds are the most overvalued asset in the world leading up to over $1 trillion dollars worth of Treasury bond issuance in 2009 and probably more in 2010. The only reason why an investor would buy this paper now is because of imminent financial Armageddon.

Meanwhile, investors are paid to take risk. And the values now in high quality investment grade corporate bonds, agency bonds, TIPs and convertible bonds are just too compelling to ignore. These markets all crashed starting in mid-September but have started to recover nicely over the last three weeks while stocks gyrate like a yo-yo. A 7% yield today seems mighty sweet.

Financial Armageddon is still a possibility. Global central banks and governments have spent trillions since August 2007 attacking clogged credit arteries, but only with limited success. At some point, however, I truly believe central banks will restart credit markets again as coordinated policy finally begins to work. Credit markets will unclog.

Tired of trying to pick a bottom in the stock market? I am. I have no idea where stocks are heading from one day to the next amid intense volatility. But I do believe high quality fixed-income securities should be purchased at these attractive levels for long-term investors. The values are too attractive to ignore.

Also, assuming stronger credits have stabilized at this point, investors can buy this sector without the dizzy volatility associated with common stocks, which ultimately lead to ulcers anyway as new lows are violated following every rally since last October.

Source: 30-Day and 90-Day T-Bill Yields Plunge to just 0.10%

Good day…The dollar rallied a bit yesterday on some very poor economic data which illustrated just how bad things are getting here in the US. As Chuck has repeatedly told everyone, in the current trade pattern the dollar rallies whenever we get negative data for the US economy. Investors get spooked by this negative data, and run scared into the ’safety’ of US treasuries.

Ty sent me a quote from respected newsletter owner/author Bill Bonner yesterday: “Misguided risk aversion, anyone? A few months ago, investors stretched for yields. Now, it’s safety they reach for…and grab U.S. Treasury debt with both hands. Investors now seem to have an unqualified trust in the full faith and credit of the world’s largest debtor. Yields on 91-day T-bills have fallen to 0.11% – scarcely a tenth of one percent!”

And when you adjust these yields for US inflation, the real yields on US treasuries are negative (even the 10 yr treasury real yield is -.43%!!). These investors won’t be parked in US Treasuries for long, but while fear continues to drive the markets, the US dollar will remain strong.

The data which sent shivers down investors spines yesterday was a one two punch of weekly jobless claims and leading indicators. The number of Americans filing for unemployment benefits approached a 26-year high of 542,000 last week. The Unemployment rate will likely increase another 100 bps by this time next year, and stay at these elevated levels for an extended period of time.

The second blow came shortly after the jobs data was released, as the index of leading US economic indicators fell in October for the third time in four months. The Conference Board’s gauge dropped .8%, more than forecast, after rising .1% in September. This index points to the direction of the economy over the next three to six months. Consumers and companies are cutting back as job losses mount and housing and manufacturing sink deeper into a slump. These two pieces of data indicate just how quickly the US economy is falling into recession.

Investors fled stocks and moved back into dollars throughout the trading day yesterday, rallying the dollar index back to the highest level since April 2006. We moved above 88 on the dollar index a week ago, but it was unable to maintain the higher level.

The same thing occurred last night, as equity markets in Asia rebounded, bringing the dollar index back below the 88 handle. Apparently there was speculation that a sale of Citigroup Inc. will reduce risk in the financial system, slightly increasing the confidence of investors. This is how perverse these markets have become; the possible sale of one of the largest financial firms in the US actually rallies the markets.

The European Union announced that is crafting a coordinated economic stimulus package to spur its 27 nation economy. European Commission President Jose Barroso told reporters in Brussels today that the commission will announce a fiscal stimulus plan next week. The plan will be based on member states taking measures suited to their own economic situation. I like the approach the EU is taking to the crisis, as they will design the stimulus to try and meet the differing needs by each country. According to the EC president, “Everyone is suffering from the crisis and everyone needs treatment, but not everyone needs the same pill.”

According to Barclay’s Capital, the euro will strengthen 16 percent against the dollar in the next 12 months as Chinese demand drives up prices for oil, reducing the US currencies attractiveness. Two-thirds of the euro’s 22 percent slide since the July peak of $1.6038 can be accounted for by plunging oil prices, Barclays said. China is the second largest oil consumer after the US, and “Contrary to current received wisdom, oil prices are much more important for the euro-dollar cross than either the stock market or interest rate differential right now,” wrote London-based David Woo, global head of currency strategy at Barclay’s. Declining oil prices have helped the greenback by narrowing the US current account deficit, reducing the US’s need for overseas funding, Woo said. He forecasts the euro will trade in a range around $1.24 in the next three months, but then rally to $1.45 over the next year as accelerating growth in China helps oil prices retrace their recent fall.

I agree with Barclay’s analysis of global commodity prices. China and the rest of Asia will continue to be the world’s growth engine, and demand for commodities will increase. The stimulus packages which are being pushed will put additional upward pressure on raw material prices. The commodity rally will not only help the Euro, but will help push up prices of the Norwegian krone, Australian dollar, and Brazilian real.

Switzerland’s central bank surprised the market yesterday, dropping its benchmark interest rate by 100 basis points. The Swiss National Bank reduced its target for the three month Libor to 1 percent and promised a ‘generous and flexible’ supply of Swiss Francs. It’s the third unscheduled move by the SNB since the beginning of October. I would expect the SNB to keep rates on hold at their meeting next month given the extent of yesterday’s move. The Swiss Franc fell as the dollar strengthened yesterday, but rallied overnight and is now trading close to where it was prior to the SNB move.

In other interest rate news, the Bank of Japan kept its benchmark rate at .3 percent today and said it will consider pumping more money into the financial system to prop up an economy that fell into recession last quarter. Japanese banks are in a much better financial position that banks in the Eurozone or the US, and the Japanese consumers are flush with cash. Japan went through a long deflationary period, and consumers there are less leveraged than here in the US. The stronger position of Japanese banks, and the more solid consumer base will enable the Japanese economy to weather the global slowdown much better than most other economies. The yen will retain its attractiveness as the world faces a long, long recession.

Technical analysts predict the yen may rally to 92.50 in the short term, and could move above the 13 year high of 90.93 which it hit on October 24. According to the analysts, the so-called support level is near the bottom line of a trend channel that tracks the dollar’s decline from a two week high of 100.55 yen on Nov. 4. The US currency is poised to extend a 3.5% loss this month as it failed to rise above the 20 day moving average and the down trend is still very clear.

The Australian dollar approached a five year low against the dollar in late US trading and the New Zealand dollar traded near a six year low as investors moved out of the carry trades after the negative US data yesterday. But the Australian dollar bounced back overnight as the Reserve Bank of Australia announced it had bought a record 3.15 billion Australian dollars in October. The RBA continued to purchase its own currency this morning, “providing liquidity as on previous occasions,” said a spokesman for the Sydney-based central bank. The Australian dollar has posted a record monthly drop in October and the RBA has been purchasing the AUD$ in an attempt to slow the drop. Commodity prices continue to fall, dragging down the exchange rates of commodity exporting countries. Falling interest rates have also put pressure on the higher yielding currencies of NZD and AUD.

Iceland finally got the long promised bailout from the IMF and four Nordic countries yesterday. The IMF and four Nordic countries gave Iceland a $4.6 billion bailout. The Icelandic government will also borrow about $6.3 billion from the UK, Germany, and the Netherlands to cover foreign deposit guarantees at failed lenders. While the rescue was desperately needed, it will heap almost $11 billion of debt on the shoulders of the islands population of just 320,000. “This is an extraordinary scale of problem related to the size of the economy,” IMF Mission Chief to Iceland Poul Tomsen told reporters. “Iceland is in an unprecedented situation.” GDP in Iceland is predicted to shrink about 10 percent next year, the IMF says. The island had the fifth-highest per capita income in the world in 2007, but the collapse of their financial system has caused the Icelandic krona to lose two thirds of its value this year. The rescue may start to add some liquidity back into the banking system, but the massive amount of debt will likely keep the Icelandic economy from rebounding for a number of years.

Currencies today 11/21/08: A$ .6212, kiwi .5272, C$ .7817, euro 1.258, sterling 1.4982, Swiss .8194, ISK (No Quote), rand 10.46, krone 7.0831, SEK 7.2031, forint 211.78, zloty 3.046, koruna 20.405, yen 94.87, baht 35.22, sing 1.5304, HKD 7.7513, INR 50.02, China 6.8311, pesos 13.8031, BRL 2.457, dollar index 87.56, Oil $50.38, Silver $9.17, and Gold… $756.88

Source: Misguided Risk Aversion

“I’ve already called this credit crunch, ‘the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression’…and unfortunately, we’re not through it yet” says Eric Roseman.

It’s true the worst of this credit storm has probably passed. But banks, companies and individual investors are still facing funding pressures. That tells me the absolute bottom of this crisis has yet to arrive.

The highest estimates I’ve heard say it will take US$1.7 trillion to clean-up this credit crisis. The more conservative projections allude to a US$500 billion cleaning bill (remember when half a trillion dollars seemed like a lot of money?).

Either way, it’s not time to buy aggressively into stocks.

But investment-grade bonds are starting to look increasingly attractive – particularly as credit spreads start to stabilize among highly-rated corporate debt instruments and Treasury bonds. But it’s still too early for bargain-hunting in equities and riskier debt markets.

The Smart Money Isn’t Following the
Sucker Stock Rallies

This morning’s edition of the Wall Street Journal points to lingering concerns in debt markets. According to the Journal, credit spreads for higher risk bonds, short-term inter-bank lending rates and investment-grade corporate financing remain under severe pressure.

Stocks might have mustered a big rally yesterday, but the smart money in credit markets is showing a very different picture on the state of the American economy.

How will investors know it’s time to load-up on distressed common stocks again? Is there a set of indicators that allow you to measure credit stress?

As the bottom of this bear market eventually arrives, look to credit markets for signals that it’s time to resume your buying. Bonds and credit spreads will provide a far more accurate gauge to global investors than stocks, which tend to harbor false recoveries or “sucker” rallies.

Yield-Curve Inversion Warning in 2006-2007

Back in 2006, the Treasury yield curve turned negative, and accurately forecast an economic recession. Back then, I was writing about it - warning about this dangerous anomaly.

Today, it’s still my opinion that bonds represent the “smart money” in the financial markets. Historically, bonds have accurately predicted economic recessions more often than not.

An inverted or negative yield-curve occurs when short-term interest rates yield more than long-term rates. That’s an anomaly in fixed-income markets that has historically preceded a slowdown or an economic recession about 12 months later.

At the time, most analysts refuted this price action, but it still proved incredibly accurate. By July 2007, the credit markets had begun to unwind and stocks tanked, finally hitting bear market territory for the first time since 2002.

While Treasury bond inversion accurately forecasted trouble ahead, that wasn’t the case for the Dow or the S&P 500 Index.

In stark contrast, the S&P 500 Index in mid-2006 was still in bull market mode, defying the repeated warnings from the Treasury market as yield inversion grew louder. And most high-risk credit markets, namely high-yield or junk bonds, also continued to race higher even as the Treasury market began predicting trouble.

The Credit Crisis Check-List

I thought I’d give you a little insight to how I gauge the markets. These are the indicators I’ve been watching like a hawk for years. And today, I’m using this checklist to predict when the current credit crisis will bottom. More importantly, I’ve got my eye on these indicators so I know exactly when I can re-enter the stock market. You can do the same.

I’ll elaborate on each of these indicators so you can better identify what to follow and eventually, call your broker and start loading-up on equities again!

• LIBOR and SWAP rates
• Credit spreads
• Mortgage-backed securities
• Junk bond defaults
• Credit hedge fund failures

LIBOR and EURO LIBOR are important short-term overnight lending rates. LIBOR or the London Interbank Offered Rate has historically traded slightly above the official Federal Funds rate. Euro LIBOR has also historically traded just above the European Central Bank’s official base rate since the currency was introduced in 1999.

The SWAP Rate -
A Sign That Banks Aren’t Confident to Lend

The difference between LIBOR and overnight interest rates set by central banks is called the SWAP rate. This spread number must relax or narrow before credit markets get a “green” light to unclog and start lending as usual again.

But since last summer when sub-prime began to boil, overnight lending rates have skyrocketed. Despite the Federal Reserve’s best efforts to lubricate the wheels of the funding markets since last summer, inter-bank lending rates remain high. And institutions are reluctant to commit overnight funds to one another.

This lack of confidence among banks in the United States, Canada and Europe, is spreading to Asia. As banks grow wary of lending to one another and question inter-bank collateral, the cost of funds increases exponentially. And that slows economic growth.

LIBOR Rates Say Banks Are Holding onto Their Cash -
A Sign the Credit Crisis Is Still With Us

From its high last fall, U.S. dollar LIBOR SWAP rates managed to decline before Christmas. That was after the Fed and other central banks injected gobs of credit to stabilize the financial system.

But since March, LIBOR SWAPS and its European counterpart, Euro LIBOR SWAPS, have jumped. This is an important signal that the credit crisis is not over. Until LIBOR SWAP rates decline and return to normal spreads above central bank monetary targets, the crisis continues.

CREDIT SPREADS are another indicator worth watching. The spread between risk-free Treasury debt and other bonds like corporate debt and junk bonds is called a “credit spread.”

When the economy is strong and deal-flow is rampant, credit spreads will narrow. That happened as we headed into 2007 last year. Junk bonds, which are below investment-grade credits, saw their yields hit historic lows versus Treasury bonds last spring. That was just ahead of the July sub-prime blow-up. At the time, high-yield bonds paid under two hundred basis points (2%) above T-bonds – unbelievably low.

Today, that spread is just below 10%. And it’s likely it will rise further as default rates climb in a recessionary economy. Until credit spreads for riskier bonds begin to tighten or narrow significantly, the economy remains on the rocks.

Those Mortgage-Backed Securities
We’re All So Fond Of

MORTGAGE-BACKED SECURITIES encompass a wide spectrum of instruments ranging from synthetic illiquid CDOs or collateralized debt obligations to bonds issued by government agencies like Fannie Mae (FNMA) and Freddie Mac (FHLMC).

You’ll be able to tell when stability returns to the mortgage-backed area by watching the mortgage-backed derivatives and the more conservative mortgage bonds guaranteed by FNMA. When both of these numbers bottom, that’s a sign this credit crunch is easing.

The good news is that PIMCO’s Bill Gross, the world’s savviest bond investor, has loaded-up on 30-year mortgage bonds guaranteed by Fannie Mae. These bonds yield almost 2% more than Treasury bonds. That’s a bullish sign that investors are returning to the safest segment of the tattered mortgage market.

However, the mortgage-backed market still has a long way to recover. In all likelihood, the CDO market and other synthetics tied to mortgages will probably never trade at par-value again. But at some point, deep value investors will start buying some of the more liquid CDOs, and that will point to a bottom in this market.

Sometimes It Pays to Watch the Junk

JUNK BOND DEFAULTS typically hit a high in excess of 5% of outstanding instruments during a recession.

At the moment, the junk bond default rate is under 2%. That suggests many more financially leveraged and indebted companies will head into bankruptcy or credit default. I would have to see a much higher default rate among American high-yield or junk bond companies before turning bullish on the stock market.

CREDIT HEDGE FUNDS represent the largest segment of total hedge fund assets, now an estimated US$2 trillion. Combined with leverage, credit hedge funds are the dangerous pariahs of the investment world in 2008 as more of their investors scramble to redeem assets.

Many credit hedge funds have already collapsed or have been liquidated since 2007. As assets are liquidated to meet growing redemptions, hedge funds must unwind leverage and ultimately, abandon many positions in the credit markets that are illiquid. This will snowball into a major disaster for leveraged hedge funds in asset-backed, distressed and event-driven hedge fund strategies.

The end of the credit crisis will likely coincide with a major blow-up at one of the largest credit hedge funds in the world. To date, the failures have mostly represented second-tier or smaller industry players.

Hang In There, This Will Pass

The above credit market check list is by no means absolute. But if you’re looking for a bottom in stocks, these numbers can help you gauge when it’s time to buy again. And of course, I’ll continue to watch all these indicators for signs of a bottom. And I’ll let you know the moment I see it coming here in the A-Letter.

This credit crisis will eventually pass. The worst is probably behind us for most segments of the debt markets but danger still lurks for equity investors. Tread carefully and heed the signs of credit, not stocks, for a true bear market bottom.

ERIC ROSEMAN, Investment Director

EDITOR’S NOTE: As Eric watches for signs this credit crunch is easing, a related crisis is emerging worldwide. It’s a dangerous cocktail of worldwide food and fuel inflation. This disastrous combination has already sent commodity prices sky-high and sparked protests, hoarding, strikes and deadly riots the globe over. Today is your last day to find out FREE of charge exactly why these record-high food prices will continue to rise – and how to use that information to make up to 910% on these soaring commodities. You have until MIDNIGHT tonight. Click here.

The table is to be found of page 37 of the FT, for the second of April, and is always to be found on the page labelled “Market Data”, along with global equity prices, volatility indices and variegated statistics. It is labelled “Ten Year Gov’t Bond Spreads”. It lists the yields on 21 different Government Bonds, all with a ten year life. It gives the spread based on German Bonds and on US T Bills, but its greatest interest is that it gives a Germanocentric view of the world. It makes very clear the central role of Germany in the Eurozone, just as the Deutsche Mark had a central role in the Exchange Rate Mechanism, before the European currencies, or most of them converted to the euro.

Conveniently, the 10 year German Bond, denominated in terms of euros, is the strongest of the euro bonds, and the only one which currently has a yield below 4%. The range of euro bonds is quite wide, though they are all an expression of the same currency. The most expensive euro bond is the German, which yields 3.96; the cheapest is Greek, which yields 4.46%. That is precisely 0.5% above the German yield. I do not know who fixes this market, but it looks as though someone does, and they do it in the interest of the euro as a currency. The German-Greek spread is remarkably stable. There seems to be an underlying determination not to allow the spread to widen to the point at which the euro itself would be threatened.

Clearly, the Greek bonds are overvalued in terms of long term risk. There is no risk at all that Germany will have to leave the euro, certainly no foreseeable risk. I suppose some explosion of the oil market might threaten the whole eurozone, as the oil shocks of the 1970s caused global inflation, but apart from that, one would have to invent terrorist fantasies to create a scenario in which Germany might be forced out of the euro system.

Not so with Greece, which has the weakest of the euro currencies. If Greece was not a member of the eurozone, Greek interest rates would presumably be higher than the 6% of Australia or New Zealand, on any normal financial criteria. Moreover this applies to a tier of Southern European countries in the eurozone. Greece yields 0.5% above Germany, but Italy is very close to that level, at 0.47%, as is Portugal. Only Spain, at 0.28% is level with a central eurozone country such as Austria.

The risk that is being underpriced is the risk of two-Europes. Politically, two-Europes could come into being if German and British policy were to diverge, on the issue of federation – the next British Government may be more anti-federalist than the present one – or in response to competition for oil supplies. Financially, the two-Europes could come into existence because the Southern four, Greece, Italy, Spain, Portugal, could no longer stand the strain of a high priced euro.

At present, I would not myself put the two-Europes as a very high risk, either on political or financial grounds. But the risk is there, and it is almost certainly underpriced because of intervention, presumably by sources close to the European Central Bank. On a ten year view, and these are ten year bonds, I would put the two-Europe risk as significant. The Lisbon Treaty, which Britain will ratify without the Government daring to have the promised referendum, will raise the two-Europe risk rather than reduce it.

Regards,

William Rees-Mogg
For The Daily Reckoning