• Bank of America Corp. (BAC) announced yesterday (Tuesday) that it had completed its purchase of Countrywide Financial Corp. (CFC). The all-stock deal was initially announced in January. Bank of America expects to eliminate 7,500 jobs now that the acquisition is complete, MarketWatch reported.

• The Institute for Supply Management’s index of manufacturing activity had a 0.6 gain to 50.2 in June, the first measurement since January that showed the manufacturing sector was expanding. “While it may be too soon to say that manufacturing has begun to start growing again, it is possible that a bottom is being reached,” Joel Naroff, president and chief economist of Naroff Economic Advisors, said in a note to clients yesterday (Tuesday).

• Moody’s Corp. (MCO) announced yesterday (Tuesday) that staff in its Moody’s Investor Service unit, which assigns credit ratings to various types of investment vehicles, had breached certain rules in assigning ratings to European constant proportion debt obligations (CPDO), Bloomberg News reported. A computer glitch was initially responsible for assigning the highest rating to CPDO debt in May, however, certain staff did engage in “conduct contrary to Moody’s code of professional conduct,” the ratings company said.

• Hong Kong’s stock, forex and debt markets were closed yesterday (Tuesday) to mark the anniversary of the July 1 handover of the territory to China from Britain, Reuters reported. Hong Kong’s markets will reopen today (Wednesday).

• Construction spending dropped 0.4% in May, the Commerce Department reported yesterday (Tuesday). It was the 11th decline in the past year, as a lack of demand in residential areas continued to offset relative strength elsewhere. Residential construction dropped 1.6% in May, the 25th decline out of the past 26 months, The Associated Press reported.

• Constellation Brands Inc. (STZ) said yesterday (Tuesday) that its fiscal first-quarter profit jumped 50% boosted by strong sales of newer wine brands such as Clos du Bois and Wild Horse, The Associated Press reported. The results beat Wall Street expectations, and its shares rose nearly 6%.

• Beginning July 11, iPhones will go on sale for $199 for the model with 8 gigabytes of storage and $299 for the 16-gigabyte version. These prices apply to customers signing up for a two-year AT&T contract. However, those who don’t want to be locked into such a contract will be able to buy the iPhone for $599 or $699 as long as they sign up for some kind of AT&T wireless subscription, Reuters reported.

• The foreign staff of BP PLC’s joint venture in Russia will be required to leave the country this month, some of them permanently, because their work permits were not renewed, the International Herald Tribune reported. BP is struggling to maintain control over TNK-BP, which is unraveling under pressure from its Russian partners and the Russian government, who are seeking to usurp complete control over the project.

Source: Global Investing Roundups Wednesday, July 2nd, 2008

Byron King in Energy and Oil looks at the reasons behind the TNK-BP dispute:

The Kremlin has invested heavily in Russia’s image as an energy superpower. During the recent Russian Victory Day celebrations on May 9, many commentators referred to Russia’s energy sector as one of the key elements of Russian power. Energy took a top billing, right along with Russia’s traditional military might and still-potent nuclear capabilities.

Russian leaders have pledged to continue increasing the country’s output to meet rising demand, especially in Asia. The first foreign trip by incoming Russian president Dimitri Medvedev was to China, where he made numerous announcements about energy cooperation between Russia and the Middle Kingdom.

But many experts have long pointed out that Russia’s petroleum industry is working under serious constraints:

Most Russian oil fields were discovered in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s. During those energy-rich times, the then-Soviet developers skipped over all but the largest deposits. Later on, the smaller fields were developed, but these fields cannot make up for the fading giants of the past. New discoveries of any size are quite rare, even in the vastness of Russia.

Much of the equipment and technology in the Russian oil patch is outdated. In recent years, Russia has imported large amounts of Western equipment. Russia has also brought in Western personnel to help maintain oil output. Western oil service firms like Schlumberger and Baker Hughes have a large presence in Russia.

The private parties who acquired many energy Russian assets after the collapse of the Soviet Union made little in the way of long term investment. All along, there was serious doubt about the sanctity or security of the property rights these tycoons acquired in the wake of the collapse of the Soviet state. Hence there was a “boom” mentality that led to rapid exploitation of the easiest resources, with little thought for the long term.

The Russian government imposes confiscatory levels of taxation on the oil industry, with some marginal rates approaching 90%. Thus the high world prices for oil benefit the Russian treasury, but leave little in the hands of oil developers for new investment.

Despite all of this, Russian oil output has been growing at impressive rates for the past ten years or so — in the nature of 5% to 10% per year in some years. But in 2008 that growth has stopped abruptly. Output figures have actually reversed. In absolute erms, Russian oil output is down in the first four months of 2008. Russia may have reached its own “Peak Oil” point, much as the US did in 1970. This has grave implications for the growth of the Russian energy sector, and the larger Russian economy.

If Russian oil output has peaked, we can expect new kinds of both rhetoric and behavior from Russia in its domestic policies, as well as in its dealings with other nations. In all cases, you can expect to see Russia pursue its own security and national interests with a strong hand, if not with a vengeance.

Yesterday BP and the Russian shareholders were forced to acknowledge differences over strategy, with the Russian billionaires who own 50% of the company arguing that TNK-BP, Russia’s third-largest oil producer, should be able to expand abroad even if that meant its coming into direct competition with BP itself.

There have been months of speculation in Russia that the state-controlled energy company Gazprom wants to buy a majority stake in TNK-BP. Neither BP nor the Russian shareholders say they are prepared to sell.

“Like other cash-rich sovereign wealth funds, or SWFs for short,” says Justice Litle in Taipan Daily, “Russia plans to invest its massive pile in high-quality foreign stocks around the globe.

“In case you haven’t noticed, the truly exciting growth these days is no longer confined to the U.S. and Europe. Instead it’s found in countries like China, India, Brazil, Malaysia, Taiwan, Turkey, South Africa and so on. Emerging market economies are growing by leaps and bounds.

“In this 21st-century world that looks so very different from the 20th, the best combination of safety and growth can be found in strong international companies… the same type of companies that Russia will be plowing its cash into.”

Manraaj Singh in Profit Watch says, “Russia is storming ahead.”

“The economy grew by 8.1% last year and should grow by 6.8% this year. And the average Russian will earn 75% more this year than he did in 2006. The average income was just $6,924 in 2006, but it should reach $12,013 this year. And that should hit $25,091 in just five years, according to the IMF.

“And that’s not all… Yesterday, Prime Minister Vladimir Putin approved Russia’s biggest spending project since the collapse of the Soviet Union. They’re going to spend US$570 billion to overhaul and expand the country’s transportation infrastructure over the next seven years. And about time as well.”

Last month, 78 Federal Security Service (FSB) officers raided the Moscow offices of BP and TNK-BP. The raid resulted in the arrest of one TNK-BP employee and his brother, who will both face charges of industrial espionage. Soon after the raid, the Natural Resources ministry said it would check TNK-BP’s largest oil field for environmental violations and the Interior Ministry accused the company of breaking visa rules.

Sources close to the situation, including TNK-BP Chief Executive Robert Dudley, said the raids and subsequent arrest were a “one-off” incident. But many analysts see a more sinister motive behind the crackdown.

Tax claims, corporate malfeasance and government investigations could be just the kind of pressure the Kremlin needs to exert for one of its state-owned oil monopolies – some of which are the most heavily indebted companies in Russia – to acquire a stake in the venture for a relatively cheap price.

TNK-BP is currently co-owned by BP and a group of Russian billionaires. The Russian investors agreed not to sell their combined 50% stake in the company until 2008. But as the agreement nears its end, Gazprom is reportedly encouraging BP’s Russian partners to sell out.

Gazprom, whose chairman, Dmitry Medvedev, will be sworn in as Russian president on May 7, has frequently found itself the beneficiary of government interference in the energy sector.

Two years ago, OAO Yukos Oil Co., formerly one of the world’s largest private oil companies, went out of business after Russia’s Federal Tax Service demanded the payment of $30 billion in back taxes.

Soon after, Royal Dutch Shell PLC (RDS.A) was forced to relinquish control of its Sakhalin-2 oil and gas project to Gazprom for $7.45 billion when the Russian government threatened to block investment plans by canceling building permits on environmental grounds.

And just last year, TNK-BP was talked into selling its 62.8% stake in one of the world’s largest gas fields, the Kovytkta field, to Gazprom, after Russian authorities threatened to revoke the company’s license to develop it.

So it’s perfectly reasonable to believe that TNK-BP, which produces close to a quarter of BP’s total oil and natural gas production, could be Gazprom’s next takeover target. It’s also reasonable to expect that Gazprom may want more than to simply replace the Russian oligarchs as junior partners in the venture.

“We think there is a possibility that BP ends up as a minority shareholder in TNK-BP,” analysts at JP Morgan Chase & Co. (JPM) wrote in a research note.

Just two weeks after the Moscow raid, BP chief Tony Hayward began making a suspicious set of rounds. He met with Gazprom CEO Alexei Miller last Thursday. That meeting was followed by a meeting with Rosneft chairman Igor Sechin, and then another meeting with shareholder Viktor Vekselberg. Vekselberg, along with Mikhail Fridman and Len Blavatnik, is one of TNK-BP’s largest shareholders.

RBK Daily reported earlier this week that Gazprom is seeking a 1% stake in the joint venture from BP, while at the same time buying out TNK-BP’s three Russian shareholders, thereby giving the state monopoly a controlling stake in TNK-BP.

Sources cited by the paper, also said any deal would likely take place after President-elect Medvedev’s inauguration.

“We are all worried there is going to be some political maneuvering in order to relieve BP of the stake,” Colin Morton, a fund manager at Rensburg Fund Management who owns BP shares, recently told Reuters.

Source: http://www.moneymorning.com/2008/04/08/bp-caving-to-kremlin-pressure-over-joint-venture/