This from Money Morning:

For the 50 million Americans with 401(k) plans – many of them close-to-retirement Baby Boomers – the heavy lifting is just beginning.

In the 12 months after the U.S. stock market hit its record peak in October 2007, more than $1 trillion worth of stock-market wealth held in 401(k)s and other “defined-contribution” plans was eviscerated, The Wall Street Journal reported. The lost wealth is more like $2 trillion if individual retirement accounts (IRAs) are taken into account.

For many, the pain will be especially acute. For instance, workers aged 55 to 64, who have been contributing to the same 401(k) plan for the past 20 years, have seen their the 401(k) account balance plunge by a staggering 25%-plus since the start of 2008, according to research by the Employee Benefit Research Institute. Since those figures don’t separate out new cash contributions to the plans, the statistics actually tend to drastically understate the actual level of losses, The Journal reported.

Given that many Americans were already trying to deal with major declines in the values of their homes – and given that thousands of households are dealing with, or are expecting, job losses – this eradication of their retirement savings is taking on a kind of “last straw” quality.

After all, any one of those three things alone  – falling housing prices, loss of incomes due to lost jobs or a retirement plan haircut – is tough enough to rebound from. But the combination of all three is the kind of triple-whammy that can put an entire economy out for the count.

“This is the biggest test that the 401(k) plan has seen to date, and it has failed,” Robyn Credico, head of defined-contribution consulting at Watson Wyatt Worldwide Inc. (WW), told The Journal. “We’ve put people close to retirement in a very challenging position.”

There are plenty of ways to react, ranging from indifference to outright panic. Neither extreme will prove productive. However, there are some options in between that will form the foundation of any sound retirement plan rebuilding strategy.

After reviewing a plethora of options, Money Morning offers you the three best ones.

Retirement Rescue Tip No. 1: Don’t Cash Out

Possibly the worst thing you could do to your retirement is cash in your 401(k) – a move that would level your finances come tax time, extend your pre-retirement career by a number of years, and/or reduce your income when you start retirement.

So let’s rule that out immediately. That will put you well ahead of others who didn’t resist this urge, or who were forced to make this unattractive choice due to extenuating circumstances.

In the last two months of 2008, requests to withdraw from retirement plans rose 59% from the same period in 2007.

Magnifying this mistake is the fact that the contributions participants have funneled into their retirement have steadily declined since July, HR consultancy firm Mercer Inc. reported after polling 1.2 million participants with employer-sponsored defined contribution retirement plans.

Luckily – for now – less than 1% of plan participants account for both these declines.

“What should sound the alarm with plan sponsors, however, is the growth trend, not the absolute figures. As most experts would agree, withdrawals from 401(k)-type retirement plans and reducing participant contributions to zero are two actions that are completely counter to preparing for retirement,” Eric Levy, Retirement Business Leader at Mercer, said of the firm’s poll. “This may point to the dire straits that a small-but-growing number of participants find themselves in where withdrawals and zero contribution rates are seen as a type of financial last resort.”

Levy raises the central issue: It’s less of a lack of faith that the markets will bounce back, and more of a basic need for money for daily expenditures.

That’s understandable, and excusable to a large degree. After all, you won’t be able to enjoy retirement if you lose your house in the process of putting away money for later.

But the bottom line is less money contributed now translates into less money you’ll have to enjoy life and meet your basic daily needs after you punch that company timecard for the last time.

Sometimes you have to take one step back before you can take two steps forward.

Retirement Rescue Tip No. 2: Balance and Rebalance

The phrase “rebalance your assets” sounds intimidating. But 401(k) managers and financial planners know their clients aren’t financial wizards.

They know a large portion of 401(k) participants don’t have the time or knowledge to actively manage their plan’s holdings. And they know investors have different tolerances for risk.

That’s why 401(k) plans have asset-allocation models designed to assess a participant’s risk tolerance, manage that risk and maximize returns by setting a percentage for each category of assets. Over time, these ratios can change as some assets surge in value, while others hold steady or even decline.

That, in turn, could skew your asset allocation. Assets that performed well could now comprise 20% of the portfolio’s value, instead of once accounting for 15%, if other asset categories tanked.

Levy says that many employers offer quarterly or semi-quarterly rebalancing programs, as well as some that rebalance automatically.

“Conceptually, you should be regularly looking at the asset allocation of your account relative to your age and risk tolerance,” Levy said. “And [you should be] looking to rebalance that at least on an annual basis if not more often.”

Retirement Rescue Tip No. 3: It’s a Marathon, Not a Foot Race

Since 1947, of the 11 times the quarter-over-quarter change in gross domestic product (GDP) was a minus 4% or more, the Dow Jones Industrial Average index was higher by an average of 25% one year later and 35% two years later.

This information especially applies to 401(k) participants. The reason: The more you invest when markets are down, the quicker you will recover the losses you sustained over the past two years.

Just take a look at the following chart.

“The latest projections suggest we’re right in line with historical norms, given that economists expect that the U.S. economy suffered a mind-numbing decline of 4.35% in the final quarter of last year,” says Money Morning Investment Director Keith Fitz-Gerald. “When everyone else believes the worst; that’s when you should be buying.”

For prospective retirees – those who watched as their 401(k) plans trip and fall right before the finish line to their working days – take heart: The markets will rebound. It’s just not clear when. While that may mean you have to stay in the race a little longer, consider this: You’ll be able to keep contributing to your retirement cache, magnifying your retirement war chest when that rebound does come.

For those 40 and under, this is possibly the biggest opportunity to build long-term wealth in your lifetime. Keep saving. And stay focused.

Source: Retirement Strategies: The Three Best Ways to Rescue Your 401(k)

• Sources close to the matter told Bloomberg News that President-elect Barack Obama may name Steven Rattner as “car czar,” a top-level position that would oversee the conditions of which bailout money is given to U.S. auto companies, Bloomberg reported. Rattner co-founded private-equity firm Quadrangle Group LLC in 2000.

• Barclays plc is planning to cut more than 2,100 jobs from its investment banking and investment management units, sources told Reuters. About 1,300 jobs would be lost from Barclays Capital. About 500 from Barclays Wealth. And about 370 from Barclays Global Investors.

• Great Britain energy titan, BG Group plc, plans to invest between $4 billion and $5 billion to develop oil fields in Brazil through 2012. “We’re confident that these developments can be made economic at lower oil prices, but we’ll need to ensure the efficiency of the investment. Oil prices we see today are much more realistic,” Chief Executive Officer Frank Chapman told Bloomberg.

• Pharmaceutical giant Pfizer Inc. (PFE) said it plans to slash 800 research jobs, a reduction of 5% to 8% of its research workforce. Most of the cuts will come from labs in California, Connecticut and England, and are in addition to the near 10,000 jobs cut companywide since early 2007, Reuters reported.

• Crude futures halted a weeklong price slide yesterday (Tuesday), as light, sweet crude for February delivery rose 19 cents to settle at $37.78 a barrel on the New York Mercantile Exchange. Futures briefly touched $36.10 a barrel, a new low for the year, earlier in the day.

• Commercial banks borrowed more while investment banks borrowed less from the U.S. Federal Reserve’s emergency lending program over the most recent week. The Fed report said commercial banks averaged daily borrowing of $87.9 billion during the week that ended last Wednesday. That was an increase from the $86.6 billion in average daily borrowing for the week that ended Dec. 31. Investment firms borrowed nearly $36 billion over the past week, USA Today reported. That was down from the average of $38.5 billion for the week that ended Dec. 31, the newspaper reported.

• U.S. companies may have to contribute $109 billion to their corporate pension plans this year to fill funding gaps caused by turmoil in the financial markets, consulting firm Watson Wyatt Worldwide Inc. (WW) said yesterday (Tuesday). Watson Wyatt expects companies also will have to contribute more than $102 billion in 2010. Both of these figures are up significantly from the $38 billion that companies were required to contribute to the plans last year.

Source: Global Investment News Roundup Wednesday, January 14th, 2009

And that’s precisely the wrong decision to make at the wrong time. No matter how poorly the financial markets are performing, saving for retirement has to remain a top priority.

“It’s not a time for people to stop contributing,” Diane Young, director of retirement and goal planning at TD Ameritrade Holding Corp. (AMTD), the Omaha, Neb.-based brokerage firm that conducted the retirement study, said in an interview with Bloomberg News. “Because time is money, it’s important to stay on track.”

According to the Ameritrade study – released yesterday (Tuesday) – 63% of Americans have completely stopped contributing to their retirement plan. Financial strain due to the economic downturn was cited by half (50%) of those who say they have reduced or stopped contributing to their retirement plan. Unemployment (32%) and healthcare costs (25%) also were cited as key factors affecting their ability to contribute to their retirement plan.

Only 54% of survey respondents, which included senior citizens, indicated they had a retirement account. Of that number, one out of three had less than $50,000 in investment assets.

But slacking off on retirement savings now is only going to hurt you more down the road.
Chipping Away at Retirement Assets

Giving up the power of compounding can be the most costly mistake an investor can make when it comes to investing for retirement, but unfortunately that’s just what many are doing in light of the dismal market performance.

And those dismal returns aren’t the only factor hammering the bottom line of retirement accounts these days. Retirees and those close to retirement are feeling as if they are under attack from all sides due to the factors that threaten a comfortable retirement.

The main source of income for many retirees continues to be the Social Security Administration. But the Social Security program has been at risk for years as life expectancies continue to grow and the number of retirees advances in kind. The program will only come under more pressure as the baby boomer generation edges closer to retirement.

“Social Security’s current annual surpluses of tax income over expenditures will begin to decline in 2011 and then turn into rapidly growing deficits as the baby boom generation retires,” the most recent trustees’ report said.

Many retirees depend on dividend payments from investments to supplement income. But with a growing number of companies reducing or eliminating dividend payments in the face of poor earnings or a changing business landscape, that income stream is dwindling.

Even companies with long track records of dividend growth, such as General Electric Co. (GE) and Bank of America Corp. (BAC), have been paring back.

Given the current market conditions, selling a stock that has eliminated its dividend is no longer as likely to make up for that lost income.

“If I’m down 25% in dividend income, but the stock is down 35%, if I sell the stock, can I afford to lose another 10 to 15% by selling?” Howard Silverblatt, a senior index analyst with Standard & Poor’s, told The Associated Press. “Younger investors can wait the market out and sell the stock when it bounces back. But older people are really stuck in a bad spot.”

Companies with poor earnings are also cutting back on company contributions to 401(k) plans, which can downright wreck your expected retirement calculations. General Motors Corp. (GM) recently announced that it would discontinue company-matching contributions for non-union employees until economic conditions improve.

According to a recent survey by Watson Wyatt Worldwide Inc. (WW), 2% of companies surveyed have already decreased 401(k) contributions, while another 4% are planning to do so in the 2009.

Retirees with defined benefit or pension plans aren’t in much better shape.

According to Adrian Hartshorn, an actuary with Mercer, a business consultant subsidiary of Marsh & McLennan Companies Inc. (MMC), the pension account assets of companies in the S&P 1500 are shrinking. At the end of 2007, the companies Hartshorn tracks had a collective surplus of $60 billion. But stock-market losses have transformed that $60 billion surplus into a $35 billion deficit.
Protecting Your Retirement

If you find yourself the victim of a cutback in company contributions or a loss of dividend income, make sure you take the initiative to safeguard your retirement.

“Redo your financial planning and figure out if you need to save more now,” Robyn Credico, Watson Wyatt’s national director of defined-benefit consulting, told The Washington Post.

Here are some more steps you can take to help protect your retirement account, even during difficult market conditions:

* Be Aware: AARP’s website has a number of interactive financial calculators that will help you estimate everything from how much you need to save for retirement to how much income you can expect during retirement. While you want a long and healthy life, you don’t want to outlive your money, so be sure you don’t underestimate your time horizon.

* Be Proactive: If you think you’re going to come up short when it’s time for retirement, reconsider your options. Some workers are delaying retirement to give their assets more time to grow. Other retirees are supplementing their income with part-time work or curbing expenses by cutting back on unnecessary expenditures.

* Be Thrifty: Save as much as you can. Make sure you’re getting the most out of your company 401(k) plan by maximizing the company match. And try to save the maximum annual limit for your company’s 410(k) plan or your traditional IRA. Contributions to your retirement account often reduce your taxable income, so it might not be as much of a sacrifice as you think. Indeed, some investors do double damage to themselves by ending their retirement plan contributions, but forgetting to also adjust their tax withholding. That can make for an ugly surprise at tax time – either with a smaller-than-expected tax refund or a bigger-than-expected tax bill.

* Be Investment Savvy: Align your retirement investments with your time horizon and risk tolerance. Generally, younger investors can tolerate more risk, while those closer to retirement need to choose more stable options. Money Morning Investment Director Keith Fitz-Gerald recently recommended American Century Capital Preservation Fund (CPFXX) as a “safety-first” investment choice for investors close to retirement. And don’t be overly dependent on dividend income or a company pension fund, both of which could be affected by overall poor market conditions or weak company earnings.

Source: Four Ways to Protect Your Retirement From the Ongoing Financial Crisis