But the reality is that this tectonic shift in global finance – and the economic shockwaves that will result – could provide investors with some of the greatest profit plays they’ll ever see in their lifetimes.

No matter which camp you’re in, the China-spawned changes are headed our way.

In 1990, the U.S. banking system was 2.3 to 2.7 times the size of its counterpart in China. Today, however, the situation has been reversed, and there is much more of an imbalance. In fact, China’s banking system has 25 times the reserves of the U.S. Federal Reserve.

At some point, the United States will no longer be able to dictate international monetary policy. Unfortunately, as our monetary policy aptly demonstrates, Washington seems to be the only player involved in this game of high-stakes global finance to not understand just how this is destined to play out.

U.S. leaders continue to employ monetary policy as a weapon – despite the fact that most of the rest of the world views the U.S. dollar as a liability.
At the end of World War II, virtually the entire world functioned on dollars. By some accounts, 100% of the world’s money supply was the dollar. Today that figure has dropped all the way down to 19%, says Rochdale Securities LLC analyst Richard Bove, a noted expert on the U.S. banking system and Federal Reserve.

Now that the federal government has deployed a few trillion dollars more as bailout bucks, it’s clear that the greenback has lost its mojo and the U.S. government has lost its international monetary leverage.

Why is this worrisome? History tells us that the countries with the strongest economies tend to also have the strongest currencies. It may take awhile for the latter to catch up with the former, but the relationship is highly correlated relationship – suggesting that China’s on the rise economically, while its currency is advancing with the unstoppability of a diesel locomotive operating at full throttle.

So if the U.S. dollar gets derailed as the world’s chief reserve currency – as we’ve repeatedly predicted is destined to take place – the world’s next reserve currency is likely to be China’s yuan, known officially as the renminbi.

Washington says that won’t happen, since Beijing takes steps to keep the yuan from being fully tradable. That’s true enough. But Beijing also understands that the dollar is a liability – which is why China’s leaders are going to great lengths to establish the yuan as a viable currency all its own, while simultaneously minimizing the Red Dragon’s dollar-based exposure.

In the last six months, for example, China has signed at least $95 billion in swap agreements, under which it can trade directly with countries for payment in yuan. The countries that sign these deals are getting huge discounts from China in exchange for their participation – and for buying goods from China. And the deals enable China to do an end run around the entire dollar-based currency trading system.

When it comes to this long-term plan to boost the yuan’s importance, China is waging a campaign on multiple fronts. This past spring, for instance, China organized a meeting in Moscow – attended by representatives from Brazil, India and Russia – where the main goal was to supplant the U.S. dollar as the world’s main reserve currency, replacing it with a yuan-led market basket of currencies, one that is simply backed by China’s renminbi, or perhaps even one based on the International Monetary Fund’s so-called Special Drawing Right (SDR).

Created by the IMF in 1969 to support the Bretton Woods fixed exchange rate system, the SDR was redefined in 1973 as a basket of currencies. Today, the SDR consists of the euro, Japanese yen, pound sterling, and U.S. dollar.

My guess is that this gathering in Moscow was merely the first of many such meetings that we’ll see take place around the world in the years to come. Expect the list of attendees to grow, as well.

Given all that we now know, the real question becomes: What happens if China succeeds and the yuan displaces the greenback as the world’s top transactional currency?

The list of potential implications is very long, and includes several scenarios that are almost apocalyptic. But most of the outcomes raise as many questions as they answer.

Let’s consider the Top Five:

• Global Gloom Leads to U.S. Doom: The U.S. dollar goes into freefall for the simple reason that if no country has to hold dollars any longer, they won’t. Instead – thanks to the ragged state of the U.S. government’s finances – many countries will dump greenbacks fast as they can, which will only put additional pressure on an already-strained U.S. financial system, which in turn will further damage our economy.
• Inflation Inflates: Inflation will strike here with a vengeance, as anything bought, sold or priced in dollars will instantly rise in price to offset this fall.
• Repatriation Risk: With the dollar serving as the world’s de factocurrency, U.S. companies bear very little exchange rate risk when the time comes to repatriate assets or make currency-related adjustments. That would change overnight and prices throughout the value chains would rise sharply to compensate.
• Money Costs More: The cost of money itself would rise. If the dollar falls, not only will there be massive selling pressure against it, but the cost of borrowing it will rise dramatically as lenders raise rates to cope with the increased risk of dollar-based transactions.
• Death By Debt: And finally, if there is another reserve currency, other countries will no longer have to buy our debt, and you can guess where that will leave us – especially given the fact that we’ve taken on trillions in new debt to help finance our way out of our current mess.

My best guess is that we won’t see any one of these things in isolation, but will instead experience a blending of several or all of them. To the extent that China continues to absorb our inflationary influences, buy our debt in measured doses and maintain its reserves, we’ll probably have a measured decline in the value of the dollar – but not the catastrophic fall many in the doom, gloom and boom crowd are predicting. At the same time, I also see the IMF change course in the next few years to reflect China’s increasingly substantial influence and monetary power.

On the individual investor level, this clearly provides a new set of influences that most investors have yet to grasp. Most will perceive what I have said as a threat, but I believe the correct way to view this is that there will be a whole new set of opportunities coming our way.

Some of those opportunities will be obvious – like the need to invest in currencies and commodities that are of interest to China. Others, like direct investments in China’s yuan, will require special insight, a good investment guide, or a leap of faith.

The bottom line – and the most important thing to remember – is this: No matter how this plays out, there will always be an upside for investors who are willing to seek it out.

Source:  The Five Financial Shockwaves to Expect When China’s Yuan Swaps Places with the U.S. Dollar

You’re hearing about it here first. But I promise that you’ll soon be hearing about it virtually everywhere.

Let me explain.

China’s New Profit Catalyst

Most investors are aware of China’s massive profit potential. But what they may not understand is this: Before all that potential can be transformed into actual profits, this Asian giant needs to develop a modern, fully functional financial system. That obviously can’t happen overnight, and China’s been smart – and avoided making major mistakes – by not rushing things.

In fact, despite some stinging criticism from the West, Beijing has held its companies and its financial markets in check to ensure an orderly development. It’s even left some protectionist measures in place to make sure that opportunistic foreign firms don’t overrun its markets.

Naturally, there’s been a near-term cost. It’s held some China-based companies back, making them less competitive in such developed markets as the United States and Europe. Chinese firms were severely limited in their access to funding, meaning they were also limited in their ability to capitalize on business opportunities in these overseas markets.

But I could see that the long-term profit potential for these companies was huge – and I’ve repeatedly said so to the audiences that I’ve spoken to at events all around the world, or that I’ve written to via my columns here in Money Morning. In both venues, I’ve told listeners and readers that the day would come when these companies were able to raise enough investment capital at home to finance their forays abroad.

The day that occurred, I’ve said, is the day when the real fireworks would begin.

Beijing finally lit the fuse.

By announcing the launch of a new market for dollar-denominated bonds that are issued by non-financial firms, China has now taken a major step toward modernizing its capital markets. The move hasn’t made much of a splash here in the United States. But I was in China, heading my annual investment tour of that country, when the announcement was made. And believe me when I tell you that China’s company executives, investors and government officials fully understand the implications of what’s just been done.

The move is very shrewd, for it brings about the confluence of highly complimentary trends.

• For China-based companies that want to invest abroad, or that want to buy foreign companies, product lines, or other assets, these new dollar-denominated bonds will make it possible to do these deals more easily, and at a much lower cost.
• Beijing had already launched an official campaign that urges “Corporate China” to acquire overseas companies and assets. But there had to be a liberalization of the financial system for this to happen. So back in August, in fact, for the first time in 11 years, China’s government eased rules governing its foreign-exchange systems.
• These new regulations permit companies to retain foreign-exchange income offshore, if they want, and thus helped pave the way for the new bond market because it stokes potential demand for dollar-denominated investments.
• And that comes at a perfect time for – up until now – the ongoing global financial crisis, which has made Chinese investors wary of buying foreign-currency bonds that were issued outside China. But these dollar-denominated bonds will be created inside China, effectively short-circuiting that worry.

Given what we know about China’s global natural-resource-acquisition ambitions, the first entrants into this new market will likely be one or more of China’s huge natural-resource concerns that are presently scouring the globe, creating captive supplies of the very commodities that will be necessary to ensure China’s future growth. My experience here suggests that high-tech and infrastructure companies will follow almost immediately. Many of those firms may head straight for Taiwan, thanks to newly inked agreements that make it easier for Mainland China companies to invest across the Taiwan Straits for the first time in decades. After that, these firms will direct their appetites for acquisitions elsewhere around the world.

Just how big could this new dollar-denominated financing market turn out to be?

At a time when Western debt markets remain mired in muck, it’s too soon to tell for certain. But Bank of China Ltd. analyst Shi Lei estimates that non-financial Chinese firms may issue as much as $30 billion during the next two quarters alone.

That amount tallies closely with China’s estimated $23 billion pipeline of outbound mergers-and-acquisitions deals that have been announced this year, but not yet consummated – especially if you factor in the $9.7 billion worth of deals that were announced in the past three years, but that are still pending, Thomson Reuters reports.

Could New Financing Deals Accelerate the U.S. Recovery?

Many Americans will clearly view a big uptick in investments from China with significant fear – especially if they remember the late 1980s Japanese shopping spree that sent ownership of Rockefeller Center, Columbia Records, Universal Studios and the Pebble Beach Golf Course back to Tokyo.

This is different. In fact, I think the new rules are likely to create entirely new funding sources that will boost international trade and that could actually accelerate the U.S. economy’s recovery from the global financial crisis. In fact, it’s entirely possible that this new form of financing will help facilitate a post-recovery golden age of expansion led by such as-yet unsaturated markets as China.

Call it the “Mother of All Carry Trades” – only this time it will be yuan-based, instead of yen-based.

A carry trade is an investing strategy in which an investor takes advantage of interest rate differences between two countries. He’ll borrow money in a country where rates are low and invest it in another market where rates are higher, profiting from the difference. The rate disparities are often caused by the respective central banks; one may be trying to combat inflation with high rates even as another is trying to nurture economic growth by reducing rates.

There are no actual examples to point to, yet, since the market isn’t yet up and running, but we can draw some inferences based on who’s filed to issue this dollar-denominated debt, and look at who’s likely to file in the months to come.

According to The China Daily News, China National Petroleum Corp., the Red Dragon’s biggest oil company, is planning to issue $3 billion in dollar-denominated bonds and is planning to auction as much as an additional $1 billion in three-year floating debt, whose rate will be tied to the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR).

Traders familiar with the new market suggest that CNPC will probably pay a coupon of 60 basis points to 80 basis points (0.60% to 0.80%) more than six-month LIBOR – a much lower cost than the 2.8% coupon for the $2.93 billion worth of yuan-based, three-year, fixed-rate, medium-term bills issued back in December.

Last year, China’s yuan had appreciated steeply against the U.S. dollar, meaning funding costs were high for Chinese companies. Now, however, the situation is reversed, and companies can issue huge amounts of expansion debt for comparatively little money.

As a byproduct of all this, companies that take advantage of the new dollar-denominated funding markets help take the strain off of the People’s Bank of China, the central bank that has shouldered almost all of the dollar-based exchange risk to date.

In Shanghai, which is China’s financial capital, my trading contacts tell me that six-month dollars – which were quoted at 0.40% earlier this year in China, now reflect approximately 0.80%, which is roughly in line with onshore-dollar yuan forward rates for the same time period.

By comparison, the six-month implied forward rates hit 15% in March 2008. So you can see why Chinese companies have such a powerful incentive to use this new funding venue – especially when so many otherwise-solid global companies have been brought to their knees by the credit crisis.

The Three Keys for Investors

So what does this mean for investors?

In a word, plenty.

First, it’s conceivable that the sheer volume of dollar-denominated bonds could indirectly prop up the U.S. dollar. Not only would that potentially wreck traders who are betting that it’s headed the other way, it could actually solidify U.S. and global markets that are still searching for an anchor. By implication, this could also wreck the “gold bugs” who are betting the farm, instead of investing in the precious metal as part of a disciplined investment strategy.

Second, for those on Wall Street who continue to believe they are the “masters of the universe,” the strength and ferocity with which China’s dollar-denominated bond market may develop will probably come as a rude shock. Not only are the vast majority of Wall Street firms likely to be cut out of the underwriting process, but chances are very good that they’ll probably be relegated to the back seat when it comes time to pony up in the never-ending game of global one-upmanship.

And third, depending on the ultimate size of this new bond market, the prices of resource-based companies and commodities could go sharply higher as investors realize there is a potentially unlimited source of funding chasing relatively few quality assets. To the extent that Chinese companies mirror Beijing’s plans for the future, the same will be true for technology, medical and infrastructure plays.

Will this happen immediately?

Probably not. Even though the market is potentially huge (like just about everything else here in China), Beijing will almost certainly keep its hand on the throttle, meaning it will grow at a reasonably impressive – albeit measured – pace.

Beijing is very aware that an imprudent use of debt was a key part of the elixir that created the global financial crisis, meaning government officials will work hard to make sure the tiger stays in its tank – so it can’t bite anyone.

Over the long haul, however, there’s no question that this new market is an important – and much-needed – step in China’s continued development into a global financial juggernaut that investors cannot afford to ignore.

Source:  How the New ‘Yuan Carry Trade’ Will Add to China’s Global Muscle, and Possibly Even Accelerate the U.S. Recovery

[Editor's Note: Money Morning Investment Director Keith Fitz-Gerald is the editor of the new Geiger Index trading service. As the whipsaw trading patterns investors have endured this year have shown, the ongoing global financial crisis has changed the investment game forever.

Uncertainty is now the norm and that new reality alone has created a whole set of new rules that will help determine who profits and who loses. Investors who ignore this; "New Reality"; will struggle, and will find their financial forays to be frustrating and unrewarding. But investors who embrace this change will not only survive - they will thrive. With the Geiger Index, Fitz-Gerald has already isolated these new rules and has unlocked the key to what he refers to as"The Golden Age of Wealth Creation" The Geiger Index system allows Fitz-Gerald to predict the price movements of broad indexes, or of individual stocks, with a high degree of certainty. And it's particularly well suited to the kind of market we're all facing right now. Check out our latest report on these new rules, and on this new market environment.]

]]> http://www.contrarianprofits.com/articles/how-the-new-%e2%80%98yuan-carry-trade%e2%80%99-will-add-to-china%e2%80%99s-global-muscle-and-possibly-even-accelerate-the-us-recovery/16649/feed 0 http://www.contrarianprofits.com/articles/investment-risks-in-china-outweighed-by-growth-prospects/16303 http://www.contrarianprofits.com/articles/investment-risks-in-china-outweighed-by-growth-prospects/16303#comments Wed, 06 May 2009 15:24:02 +0000 Keith Fitz-Gerald http://www.contrarianprofits.com/?p=16303 MAOPING, People’s Republic of China – I’m often asked if there are investment risks in China.  My answer: Absolutely… there are investment risks everywhere. But it’s how you evaluate and manage those risks that will ultimately determine how well you do in this highly promising market.

Needless to say, not all risks are the same.

As an example, let’s take a look at China’s surge in lending – and the potential for that country to have a credit crisis of its own. This year, the Bank of China Ltd. is expected to issue as much as $1.32 trillion (9 trillion yuan) in stimulus loans. That’s in addition to the $670 billion (4.58 trillion yuan) that the Bank of China had already lent during this…

And yet I eat a lot of Chinese food, which seems somehow unpatriotic, but like most self-absorbed gluttons, I cannot stop because I don’t want to, just like I still eat tacos even though Mexico is taking over the USA, and I am uneasy about that, too, and I walk around outdoors without an aluminum foil hat to shield my brains from interstellar rays and invisible CIA cameras reading my thoughts.

News.bbc.co.uk had nothing to say about how one’s dietary excesses are reflective of one’s patriotism, or about any of my other weird paranoid delusions, either, but it did say that (just as bad) up to now, “Most of China’s foreign trade is settled in U.S. dollars or the euro, leaving exporters vulnerable to exchange rate fluctuations” and, of course, vulnerable to all the little bites taken by middlemen.

Now, “China has said it is to allow some trade with its neighbours to be settled with its currency, the yuan. It means if the two parties to a trade have yuan available, they need not enter world exchange markets to pay”, which will save them both a lot of time and money, as they can bypass all those expensive intermediaries that each take a little bite of your action.

Now, without these parasites, the inflationary implications caused by such cost-push factors are eliminated! Inflation goes down!

Anyway, the announcement is almost a fait accompli, as “Analysts told Chinese media that the yuan was already being used in some South East Asian countries and that China was happy to see such use extended”, which suddenly explains many of my unnamed fears and a lot of frightening nightmares about being eaten by gigantic egg rolls, instead of the delicious other way around.

Well, egg rolls or not, pretty soon everybody is going to have more egg rolls, as the Chinese are engaging in massive stimulus spending, too, just like we and everyone else are, and “announced more measures to stimulate domestic consumption”, which included such things as “subsidies to rural households for the purchase of household appliances and other goods, and the setting up of new stores and distribution centres in rural areas.”

Subsidizing raw consumption! Wow! Now THAT’S stimulus spending! But maybe such heroic measures are just to take up the slack, as the Chinese are taking a whack, which is almost poetic, which is why I wrote it that way, but also for dark, mysterious reasons about which one can only speculate and shudder, but mostly because the Commerce Department announced that consumer spending in America fell 0.6% in November, and U.S. exports fell for a third straight month, which is a lot, which also explains why the Chinese are taking a whack from slack!

What slack? From Marketwatch.com we learn that the Federal Reserve reported, “Stung by the loss of $2.81 trillion in their net wealth, U.S. households paid down their debts in the third quarter for the first time since at least 1952.”

The actual numbers are that “As of Sept. 30, households’ total outstanding debt shrank at an annual rate of 0.8% from $13.94 trillion to $13.91 trillion”, the difference being a hefty $300 billion in foregone consumption right there, unless it was all offset by higher incomes, which it wasn’t! Gaaahhh! We’re freaking doomed!

As staggering and as bewildering as to what any of this could possibly mean, it was not until later that they reveal that when you adjust this fall in nominal consumer spending for the effects of inflation (perhaps using the recently revised Gross Domestic Product Deflator that shows that inflation in prices is 3.9%?), then “Real consumer spending rose 0.6%”, which seems weird and contradictory until you remember that “Everybody’s lying to me and that is why I understand nothing”, and then everything makes sense again.

And that sudden clarity, that transcendental moment of total consciousness, is when you realize that you can trust only gold, silver and oil.

You wish you could trust The Mogambo, too, but you’ve seen how he looks at your wife behind your back, and you realize, “This guy’s a real scumbag! But maybe his advice about gold, silver and oil is good, which will make up for it!”

Source: Steady Diet of Chinese Currency

Platinum peaked at $880, also in the first hour of the Comex, then sold off through the rest of the session before taking back a bit of ground in the Globex to end at $853/oz., up $9. Overnight, platinum is sharply lower.

Silver followed the same track as its sister metals, reaching past $10.50 on the upside, but retreated substantially to close at $10.14/oz., up only 7 cents. Overnight, silver has fallen off. (Click here for charts)

Monday was a disappointing day for the precious metals, as they all dumped most of their gains even as the dollar was slipping against the euro and crude was staging a comeback.

It didn’t help that the buck came well off its session lows as the day progressed, but the tale of two trades centered on the announcement out of China that it is preparing a more than half-trillion dollar stimulus package for its economy.

That sparked some buying of the precious metals at first, as traders reacted to the move’s potential for stoking inflation, but the effect apparently wore off pretty quickly, and down came prices. Encouraging, though, were the late day rallies.

Kitco’s Jon Nadler, mused that, “Speculators hope that the injection of such large sums into the Chinese economy might keep those sectors of demand, which have proven beneficial to commodities in the past, going for a while longer.”

But, Nadler added, “The reality is that trillions of yuan involved will not be spent next week and start a new supercycle in commodities … The stimulus spending will extend well into the next decade, while current global conditions are anything but stimulating.”

However, Mark O’Byrne, a director at Gold & Silver Investments Ltd., unabashedly bullish. “The worst of the sell-off appears [to be] behind us as,” he declared, “even after the recent gains, we remain oversold and any further falls are likely to be short and shallow … Gold will likely surprise many by recovering its recent sharp losses as quickly as they were incurred, and we could see gold above $800 again well before the end of November.”

Source: Gold yields much of early gain, but finishes higher -  Silver, platinum also modestly higher

Courtomer, France Friday, June 13, 2008

First, a quick look at what happened in the markets yesterday.

The Dow rose 57 points. Oil held steady – but at a near record price of $136 a barrel. The dollar rose…and gold dropped $10.

The big news this morning is that retail sales actually went up last month – at 1%, twice what economists expected.

What? How can consumers continue to spend? They’re supposed to be cutting back. Maybe they’re spending those rebate checks.

Meanwhile, we find import prices up 2.3% in May, mostly because of higher oil prices. And the NY Times tells us that commodity price increases show “no let up.” Floods in the Midwest are aggravating the situation – driving up corn prices to new record highs.

“Inflation expectations rise sharply,” says the Financial Times.

The Fed’s ‘Beige Book’ tells us that the economy is “generally weak.”

We spent the week with a group of Internet marketers. The financial publishing business has gone electronic in a big way. In this business, you either learn how to publish on the Internet…or you fail.

Your editor, who grew up without air-conditioning, let alone without the Internet, finds it hard to keep up.

“You’ve got to understand the semantic dynamic of the bot-driven crawlers,” said one of the speakers. We had no idea of what he was talking about, but the others present nodded their heads in approval.

That is just one of the problems with growing older; you grow wiser…but wiser about things that no longer exist. When the car is slow to start, for example, we naturally think we need to clean the carburetor or check the points. Then we realize that there isn’t a carburetor and there aren’t any points. The cars have gone electronic too.

The other thing that has gone electronic is money.

In our decaying wisdom, we’re suspicious of the new electronic money. The old paper money was bad enough. Given the opportunity, central banks would print it up…far more of it than they should. Soon, there would be a lot more pieces of paper than there were things that it would buy. Now, the authorities who control money don’t even have to get ink on their hands. They can create money electronically. In fact, there is no limit on how much they can create – theoretically. Just add zeros. Add them electronically. The sky’s the limit.

But real wealth is not created so easily…

Real wealth is not electronic. It’s not just 1s and 0s – not just digital…not just phantoms that disappear when the power goes out. Real wealth is physical…things you can touch, eat, drive around in, and live in.

Real wealth and “money” are connected. But this new electronic money has plenty of stretch in it. Houses, for example, are real wealth. But in money terms, their value varies. In the ten years – 1996-2006 – for example, the price of America’s houses almost doubled. Of course, they were essentially the same houses…a little bigger perhaps…with a few more marble countertops, but otherwise not much different. What had happened that made them more valuable? Well, they weren’t really more valuable…just more expensive. America’s elastic money had stretched out to make them more expensive.

But now the elastic is snapping back. Houses are down 13% – according to Case/Shiller – from a year ago. And now an analyst at JP Morgan says they’ll probably go down about 30% before the snapback is finished in 2010.

This, he says, will cost Wall Street about $1 trillion in losses on mortgage-backed securities. It will cost the nation $4 trillion in “lost access to capital.”

Whoa! That’s the trouble with stretchable money – when the elastic snaps, it can hurt.

*** The other trouble with these new electronic systems is that they are hard to fix. When your car wouldn’t start in the ’60s, you lifted the hood…took off the distributor cap and checked for sparks. Or, you removed the carburetor and made sure it was working properly. Even when you didn’t know what you were doing, skinning your knuckles once or twice seemed to cure most minor mechanical problems.

But when an electronic system breaks down, it’s hard to figure out what is wrong…and almost impossible to fix. When money is in paper form, it is pretty easy to understand how it works. Simply count up the bills in circulation. If the supply is going up…prices are likely to follow. But this new electronic money has most people stumped. The Fed sends an electronic credit to the Bank of America, which in turn gives an electronic credit to its credit card holders. Now, they can go out and buy things. Do they have “money?” How much “money” is in circulation?

Then, the American shopper buys something made in China – where else? – so that the Chinese producer ends up with a credit in his account in dollars…which he trades with the Bank of China for yuan. The BoC doesn’t want the yuan to go up…so it creates more yuan, electronically, to trade for the electronic dollars it has received.

This was the ‘great money machine’ – an electronic machine – that was responsible for creating so much of the world’s liquidity…and the world’s bubbles.

But as we said yesterday, this machine seems to be slowing down…maybe even breaking down. America’s trade deficit is shrinking. In fact, it seems to us that the elastic currency is snapping back in America’s face. Its import prices go up…while its major asset – housing – goes down.

The import that people care most about is oil. It’s causing the highest gasoline prices Americans have ever had to pay. And it’s calling into question the whole ‘car culture’ society. In America, much more than in Europe, people live in individual, standalone houses – which are much more expensive to heat and maintain than row houses or apartments. They also live far from their work…their schools…their restaurants…and their shops.

Here in Europe, big shopping malls have become common. The small shops couldn’t compete with them on price or choice. Still, now that the price of oil has gone up so dramatically, the latest reports tell us that shoppers are turning their backs on the big malls; they prefer to walk out to neighborhood stores.

But in the United States, there are few neighborhood stores left…in fact, there are few neighborhoods. Instead, in many areas, houses were flung out like confetti from a parade float. They may have fallen a mile from a major shopping mall…or the wind might have carried them 50 miles away.

“Oklahoma’s painful car culture,” is changing the way people live, says an article on CNN Money. Out on panhandle, it is not unusual to drive 70 miles to get to work. In their big SUV and pickups, commuters might have to spend $50 a day – just to get to work. It’s not surprising that they are looking for alternatives – bikes, carpools, and buses.

The renminbi has broken through the psychological barrier of seven yuan to the dollar, the first time the Chinese currency has done so in 14 years.

The Financial Times reports that the Chinese currency is up more than 4% against the greenback so far this year.

China’s communist leadership is under pressure from the US to allow the renminbi to climb. However, the pressure on the currency to rise might be abating, according to the FT. Today, China recorded the first drop in its quarterly trade surplus in three years.

“China’s growing middle classes is where the money is to be made in China,” says Greg Guenthner.

“As China’s working and middle classes grow, so too does the country’s purchasing power. Naturally, retail sales have experienced a dramatic surge. Domestic retail sales skyrocketed 20.2% for the first two months of 2008, to more than 1.74 trillion yuan, or about $248.1 billion. That’s more than 5% higher than last year.

“One of the true hallmarks of middle-class growth is the sale of these non-essential and luxury items. Even the poorest working members of a society will spend money on food staples. However, the working poor, especially in nations with less-developed economies, won’t be dropping big chunks of their paychecks at the Gap.”