With the oil price at near-record highs and Shell and BP declaring record profits last week, there are various truckloads of drivel about the oil majors being ruthless profiteers doing the rounds at the moment. But who’s really raking in the money?

Let’s start with a multiple-choice question.

With the oil price above $100 a barrel, who makes the most money out of a gallon of petrol at the pump? Is it:

A. Greedy oil companies.
B. Greedy Opec members.
C. Our glorious Government.

You don’t really need me to answer that do you?

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Who makes all the money from petrol? Well, something like 75% of the price you pay at the pump makes its way to whichever hard drive our government currently keeps its coffers in. Then of course those record profits that BP and Shell declared will mean record levels of juicy corporate tax. Then there are those nice, taxable dividends that are being paid out to shareholders. And those thousands – or is it millions? – of people that BP and Shell employ all pay lovely income tax and NI. Then there’s tax on all the money the refiners make, and the explorers, and the transporters, and the traders and the petrochemical companies …Yet the government still runs record budget deficits.Who sets the oil price anyway?

There is also the ridiculous, facile notion doing the rounds that the high oil price is somehow the fault of BP, Shell and the other major oil companies. Utter cock-a-doodle-do.

Yes, they make a lot of money, yes their management get paid a lot, but companies such as BP, Shell and Exxon are small fry compared to National Oil Companies (NOCs). National Oil Companies, such as Saudi Aramco, control approximately 90% of the world’s oil reserves and 75% of production (similar numbers apply to gas).

In addition, about 60% of the yet-to-be discovered reserves are estimated to lie in countries where NOCs have privileged access to reserves. Thus, future production is likely to stay dominated by NOCs. Indeed, if global supplies were controlled by companies such as BP and Shell, production would likely be more efficient and prices lower.

But the price of oil is not set by NOCs either, nor is it set by Opec.

The price of crude oil is set by movements on the three major international petroleum exchanges: the New York Mercantile Exchange, the International Petroleum Exchange in London and the Singapore International Monetary Exchange. In other words, it is set by the market.

Just like any good exchange, they are no doubt full of gamblers, speculators, scoundrels, and wide boys – people like you and me – but, nevertheless, the price agreed for a barrel of crude is a price agreed in a market that is, for the most part, free. You can manipulate it, you can influence it, but the overriding rules of supply and demand dominate in the grand scheme of things. The free market price of oil is rising because demand is greater than supply.

So stop blaming BP and stop blaming Shell. They’re just businesses and business is there to make money.

We all know why demand is rising. China’s energy consumption is rampant. India’s is not far behind. Then there’s that ever-expanding middle class appearing the world over. Demand has not declined in this recent economic downturn, nor will it do so by anything significant should the downturn worsen, as I’ve shown before (see here: Will oil hit $160 a barrel next week? http://www.moneyweek.com/file/44753/could-the-oil-price-hit-160-a-barrel.html). A few Westerners tightening their belts is insignificant compared to this once-in-a-century expansion in the East.

Meanwhile, the downward trend in new oil supply shows no signs of decelerating.

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